INFLUENCE OF PERIODICITY OF EATING ON ADIPOSE TISSUE METABOLISM IN THE RAT

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 857-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Leveille ◽  
R. W. Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Pyridine Nucleotide ◽  
Enzyme Synthesis ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Acetate Incorporation ◽  
Initial Weight Loss ◽  
Metabolic Pattern ◽  
Carbohydrate And Lipid Metabolism

The effects of meal eating (a single 2-hour meal per day) on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism were studied in rats. Food consumption was greater in rats fed ad libitum (nibblers); however, the rate of gain was similar for both groups after an initial weight loss for the meal eaters. Isolated adipose tissue from meal eaters converted more glucose to CO2, fatty acids, nonsaponifiable lipids, and glycogen than did tissue from nibbling animals. Acetate incorporation into fatty acids was also higher in adipose tissue from meal eaters. A higher level of pentose phosphate pathway activity in adipose tissue was indicated for meal-eating rats.Refeeding for up to 2 hours after a 22-hour fast resulted in increased lipogenesis in adipose tissue from meal eaters. Total oxidized pyridine nucleotide coenzyme (NAD–NADP) levels and the rate of glucose oxidation to CO2 in rat epididymal fat pads were found to decrease during the first 30 minutes of refeeding in meal eaters. Changes noted in metabolic pattern induced by refeeding were apparently not due to de novo enzyme synthesis. The significance of the adaptive changes noted is discussed.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Metabolic Reconstruction of the Synthesis of Polyhydroxyalkanoates from Sugars and Fatty Acids by Burkholderia Sensu Lato Species

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1290
Author(s):  
Natalia Alvarez-Santullano ◽  
Pamela Villegas ◽  
Mario Sepúlveda Mardones ◽  
Roberto E. Durán ◽  
Raúl Donoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Metabolic Reconstruction ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
Outlier Group ◽  
Pha Genes ◽  
High Level

Burkholderia sensu lato (s.l.) species have a versatile metabolism. The aims of this review are the genomic reconstruction of the metabolic pathways involved in the synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) by Burkholderia s.l. genera, and the characterization of the PHA synthases and the pha genes organization. The reports of the PHA synthesis from different substrates by Burkholderia s.l. strains were reviewed. Genome-guided metabolic reconstruction involving the conversion of sugars and fatty acids into PHAs by 37 Burkholderia s.l. species was performed. Sugars are metabolized via the Entner–Doudoroff (ED), pentose-phosphate (PP), and lower Embden–Meyerhoff–Parnas (EMP) pathways, which produce reducing power through NAD(P)H synthesis and PHA precursors. Fatty acid substrates are metabolized via β-oxidation and de novo synthesis of fatty acids into PHAs. The analysis of 194 Burkholderia s.l. genomes revealed that all strains have the phaC, phaA, and phaB genes for PHA synthesis, wherein the phaC gene is generally present in ≥2 copies. PHA synthases were classified into four phylogenetic groups belonging to class I II and III PHA synthases and one outlier group. The reconstruction of PHAs synthesis revealed a high level of gene redundancy probably reflecting complex regulatory layers that provide fine tuning according to diverse substrates and physiological conditions.

scholarly journals Influence of Diet on Fatty-Acid Composition of Depot Fat in Western Sandpipers (Calidris Mauri)

The Auk ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Egeler ◽  
Dana Seaman ◽  
Tony D. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Calidris Mauri ◽  
Total Percentage ◽  
Western Sandpipers ◽  
Experimental Treatments

Abstract Western Sandpipers (Calidris mauri) have been previously shown to undergo seasonal changes in the fatty acid composition of their fat stores, even though they do not show the marked seasonal variation in diet common to many migratory passerines. We investigated the effect of dietary fatty acid composition on the fatty acid composition of adipose tissue in captive Western Sandpipers by feeding birds experimental diets with different fatty acid composition. In addition, we determined the effect of total percentage of fat content of the diet (5 vs. 10%) on fatty acid composition of depot fat. Birds maintained normal body mass (24–27 g) throughout all experimental treatments. Most adipose fatty acids were sensitive to dietary manipulation to some extent. Changes in fatty acid composition of the diet had the largest effect on adipose tissue composition for the essential polyunsaturated fatty acid linoleate (18:2), whereas it had the least effect for the monounsaturated fatty acid oleate (18:1). The saturated fatty acid palmitate (16:0) demonstrated an intermediate capacity to alter fatty acid composition of adipose tissue. Total amount of fat in the diet did not influence the effect of diet on fatty acid deposition. Results of dietary manipulations in this study suggest that diet does explain some of the variation in fatty acid composition observed during migration in Western Sandpipers, but that certain fatty acids can be modulated independently of diet (probably through de novo synthesis, postabsorption modification, or both).

scholarly journals Association between carbohydrate intake and fatty acids in the de novo lipogenic pathway in serum phospholipids and adipose tissue in a population of Swedish men

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 2089-2097
Author(s):  
Zayed D. Alsharari ◽  
Karin Leander ◽  
Per Sjögren ◽  
Axel Carlsson ◽  
Tommy Cederholm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Carbohydrate Intake ◽  
Serum Phospholipids

Effect of aging on lipid composition and metabolism in the adipose tissues of the rat

1961 ◽  
Vol 201 (3) ◽  
pp. 540-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Benjamin ◽  
Alfred Gellhorn ◽  
Mary Wagner ◽  
Harold Kundel
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Acetate Incorporation ◽  
Adipose Tissues

Lipid metabolism and chemistry was studied in adipose tissues of the rat from the age of 38 days to 647 days. Aging process was characterized by a marked decrease in lipid synthesis from acetate, a reduction in the proportion of glucose metabolized by the pentose phosphate pathway, and a lower rate of palmitate incorporation into the mixed lipids. Oxidation of palmitic acid to CO2 and release of free fatty acid by epididymal fat was the same in young and old tissues under control conditions; when, however, glucose was absent from the medium or when epinephrine was added, there was a significantly greater rate of palmitic acid oxidation and free fatty acid release by young compared to old adipose tissue. Rate of acetate incorporation into mixed lipids by multiple adipose tissue sites was determined at different ages. Consistently greater rates of lipid biosynthesis were found in the epididymal, perirenal, mesenteric and interscapular adipose tissues than in subcutaneous fat at all ages. Rate of lipid synthesis by the interscapular fat (unlike any of the other depots) remained high at all ages studied. A greater proportion of short chain fatty acids was found in adipose tissues from young rats than in the old. This was related to fatty acid composition of rat milk.

Effect of Thiolactomycin on de novo Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in Plants

1990 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 518-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Focke ◽  
Andrea Feld ◽  
Hartmut K. Lichtenthaler
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthetase ◽  
Acetate Incorporation ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Acetyl Coa ◽  
Malonyl Coa ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

Thiolactomycin was shown to be a potent inhibitor of de novo fatty acid biosynthesis in intact isolated chloroplasts (measured as [14C]acetate incorporation into total fatty acids). In our attempt to further localize the inhibition site we confirmed the inhibition with a fatty acid synthetase preparation, measuring the incorporation of [14C]malonyl-CoA into total fatty acids. From the two proposed enzymic targets of the fatty acid synthetase by thiolactomycin we could exclude the acetyl-CoA: ACP transacetylase. It appears that the inhibition by thiolactomycin occurs on the level of the condensing enzymes, i.e. the 3-oxoacyl-ACP synthases. We also demonstrated that the two starting enzymes of de novo fatty acid biosynthesis, the acetyl-CoA synthetase and the acetyl-CoA carboxylase, are not affected by thiolactomycin.

Effects of pregnancy and ovarian steroids on fatty acid synthesis and uptake in Syrian hamsters

1991 ◽  
Vol 260 (1) ◽  
pp. R153-R158 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Bhatia ◽  
G. N. Wade
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
De Novo Lipogenesis ◽  
Ovarian Steroids ◽  
Syrian Hamsters

The effects of pregnancy and ovarian steroids on the in vivo distribution of newly synthesized fatty acids (incorporation of tritium from 3H2O into fatty acid) in Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) were examined. During late, but not early, gestation hamsters had reduced levels of newly synthesized fatty acids in heart, liver, uterus, and white adipose tissues (parametrial and inguinal fat pads). Treatment of ovariectomized hamsters with estradiol + progesterone significantly decreased fatty acid synthesis-uptake in heart, liver, and inguinal white adipose tissue. Treatment with either estradiol or progesterone alone was without significant effect in any tissue. Pretreatment of hamsters with Triton WR-1339 (tyloxapol), an inhibitor of lipoprotein lipase activity and tissue triglyceride uptake, abolished the effects of estradiol + progesterone in white adipose tissue and heart but not in liver. Thus hamsters lose body fat during pregnancy in part because of decreased de novo lipogenesis. The effect of pregnancy on lipogenesis is mimicked by treatment with estradiol + progesterone but not by either hormone alone. Furthermore, it appears that the liver is the principal site of estradiol + progesterone action on lipogenesis in Syrian hamsters.

EFFECTS OF THYROIDECTOMY ON THE CHEQUERED WATER-SNAKE, NATRIX PISCATOR

1974 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. THAPLIYAL ◽  
S. C. GUPTA ◽  
R. K. GARG
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
The Body ◽  
Thyroid Activity ◽  
Carbohydrate And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Water Snake ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Lower Temperature

SUMMARY Thyroidectomy decreased the body weight and the height of the cells lining the sex-segment of the kidney of the Chequered Water-snake, Natrix piscator maintained at 30 °C; at 40 °C the liver, kidney and gonad were also affected. At the higher temperature, thyroidectomy influenced significantly protein, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. At 30 °C, only a decrease in the rate of esterification of the free fatty acids in the liver and of their release from the adipose tissue was observed. The difference in the effect of thyroidectomy at 30 and 40 °C is explained by suggesting that thyroid activity was low in animals maintained at the lower temperature and high in those kept at the higher temperature.

In Vitro Metabolism of Fatty Acids by Adipose and Liver Tissue of the Adrenalectomized Rat

1957 ◽  
Vol 189 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Perry ◽  
Helen F. Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Octanoic Acid ◽  
Normal Liver ◽  
Liver Slice ◽  
Acetate Incorporation ◽  
Slice Preparation ◽  
Progressive Loss ◽  
Liver Slices

The utilization of acetate and octanoate by adipose tissue from rats 1 and 2 weeks postadrenalectomy has been studied. In addition, acetate incorporation into liver fatty acids and ketogenesis by liver slices from 2-week postoperative animals has been measured. Adrenalectomy resulted in a progressive loss of fat from adipose tissue. At 1-week postadrenalectomy the incorporation of acetate into fatty acids by adipose tissue did not differ from the control preparations but was much increased 2 weeks after adrenalectomy. At this time there was no increase in utilization of added octanoic acid by the adipose tissue and neither at 1 nor at 2 weeks was the production of CO2 from either acetate or octanoic significantly different from normal. Liver slices from 2-week adrenalectomized animals had a markedly defective ability to incorporate acetate into liver fatty acids similar to that previously noted in 1-week animals. However, liver slice preparation from 2-week adrenalectomized rats showed increased ketone body formation, indicating increased fatty acid utilization by the liver. It is suggested that there is a gradual mobilization of fat from the depots to the liver in the adrenalectomized rat with increased utilization of fat by the liver.

THE EFFECT OF INSULIN ON THE UTILIZATION OF [U-14C]GLUCOSE AND [1-14C]ACETATE BY GOAT ADIPOSE TISSUE IN VITRO

1969 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. ŠKARDA ◽  
S. BARTOŠ
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Oxidation ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Acetate Incorporation ◽  
Adipose Tissue In Vitro ◽  
High Concentrations

SUMMARY No change in the rate of 14CO2 production from [U-14C]glucose by the adipose tissue of goats was found in vitro, even in the presence of high concentrations of insulin (1 and 10 m-u./ml.) when glucose was the only substrate in the medium. However, it was demonstrated that in the presence of acetate as little as 10 μu. insulin/ml. exerted a marked effect on glucose oxidation. The most significant effect of insulin was that on the rate of [1-14C]acetate incorporation into fatty acids in the presence of glucose. These findings support the suggestion that the significance of insulin in ruminants is best demonstrated by its effects on the rate of utilization of acetate in the presence of glucose by adipose tissue.

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