CHANGES IN TISSUE HISTAMINE OF GUINEA PIGS AFTER PRETREATMENT WITH HISTAMINE-RELEASING AGENTS AND ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 611-616
Author(s):  
G. Constantopoulos ◽  
Eva M. Kovacs ◽  
K. I. Melville
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Acetylsalicylic Acid ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Histamine Content ◽  
Release Histamine ◽  
Tissue Histamine

Guinea pigs were treated with compound 48/80 and cortisone for 14 days. Seven days after the last dose the animals were killed and their organs extracted for histamine. All organs examined showed a decrease in histamine, which was greatest in the lung, liver, skin, and heart, in which the levels of histamine were significantly lowered (49.3%, 42.3%, 39.5%, and 32.7% respectively) compared to control values. When tissues were extracted 24 hours after the last dose, the reduction in histamine contents was less. Treatment with compound 48/80 alone for 3 days did not release histamine from guinea pig organs. The administration of 48/80 for 2 weeks reduced the histamine content of the lung by 18.2% and that of the small intestine by 10.7%. This reduction was sustained for at least 7 days, at which time histamine content of the ear was also reduced by 40.2%. Octylamine given for 10 days reduced the histamine content of lung, ear, and small intestine by 34.9%, 28.8%, and.18% respectively. Treatment for 21 days with acetylsalicylic acid increased histamine content of small intestine, ear, and lung by 44.1%, 16.4%, and 10.9% respectively.

Inhibition of Human and Animal Platelet Adhesiveness to Glass Bead Columns by Adenosine, Dipyridamole, Chlorpromazine and Acetylsalicylic Acid

1976 ◽  
Vol 36 (02) ◽  
pp. 401-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Buichi Fujttani ◽  
Toshimichi Tsuboi ◽  
Kazuko Takeno ◽  
Kouichi Yoshida ◽  
Masanao Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Acetylsalicylic Acid ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Glass Bead ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Rabbit Platelet ◽  
Platelet Adhesiveness

SummaryThe differences among human, rabbit and guinea-pig platelet adhesiveness as for inhibitions by adenosine, dipyridamole, chlorpromazine and acetylsalicylic acid are described, and the influence of measurement conditions on platelet adhesiveness is also reported. Platelet adhesiveness of human and animal species decreased with an increase of heparin concentrations and an increase of flow rate of blood passing through a glass bead column. Human and rabbit platelet adhesiveness was inhibited in vitro by adenosine, dipyridamole and chlorpromazine, but not by acetylsalicylic acid. On the other hand, guinea-pig platelet adhesiveness was inhibited by the four drugs including acetylsalicylic acid. In in vivo study, adenosine, dipyridamole and chlorpromazine inhibited platelet adhesiveness in rabbits and guinea-pigs. Acetylsalicylic acid showed the inhibitory effect in guinea-pigs, but not in rabbits.

scholarly journals Mast cell expression of the serotonin1A receptor in guinea pig and human intestine

2013 ◽  
Vol 304 (10) ◽  
pp. G855-G863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo-Du Wang ◽  
Xi-Yu Wang ◽  
Fei Zou ◽  
Meihua Qu ◽  
Sumei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Release Histamine ◽  
Serotonergic Receptor ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Spinal Afferents ◽  
Cell Expression

Serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] is released from enterochromaffin cells in the mucosa of the small intestine. We tested a hypothesis that elevation of 5-HT in the environment of enteric mast cells might degranulate the mast cells and release mediators that become paracrine signals to the enteric nervous system, spinal afferents, and secretory glands. Western blotting, immunofluorescence, ELISA, and pharmacological analysis were used to study expression of 5-HT receptors by mast cells in the small intestine and action of 5-HT to degranulate the mast cells and release histamine in guinea pig small intestine and segments of human jejunum discarded during Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgeries. Mast cells in human and guinea pig preparations expressed the 5-HT1A receptor. ELISA detected spontaneous release of histamine in guinea pig and human preparations. The selective 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-hydroxy-PIPAT evoked release of histamine. A selective 5-HT1A receptor antagonist, WAY-100135, suppressed stimulation of histamine release by 5-HT or 8-hydroxy-PIPAT. Mast cell-stabilizing drugs, doxantrazole and cromolyn sodium, suppressed the release of histamine evoked by 5-HT or 8-hydroxy-PIPAT in guinea pig and human preparations. Our results support the hypothesis that serotonergic degranulation of enteric mast cells and release of preformed mediators, including histamine, are mediated by the 5-HT1A serotonergic receptor. Association of 5-HT with the pathophysiology of functional gastrointestinal disorders (e.g., irritable bowel syndrome) underlies a question of whether selective 5-HT1A receptor antagonists might have therapeutic application in disorders of this nature.

Postnatal development of intestinal secretin in rats and guinea pigs

1982 ◽  
Vol 243 (6) ◽  
pp. G511-G517
Author(s):  
T. L. Paquette ◽  
D. F. Shulman ◽  
D. H. Alpers ◽  
B. M. Jaffe
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Newborn Rat ◽  
Rat Intestine ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Proximal Small Intestine ◽  
Proximal Intestine

The amounts and concentrations of secretin in extracts of rat and guinea pig small intestine were measured with a porcine secretin radioimmunoassay. Immunoactivity in the extracts comigrated with porcine secretin in sodium dodecyl sulfate acrylamide gel electrophoresis. In the small intestines of adult rats and newborn and adult guinea pigs, there was a marked proximal-to-distal gradient in secretin concentration; newborn rats exhibited approximately equal proximal and distal secretin concentrations. Concentrations were as follows: most proximal newborn or adult guinea pig segments, 80 ng/mg prot; most distal newborn or adult guinea pig segments, 2 ng/mg prot; most proximal adult rat segments, 50 ng/mg prot; most distal adult rat segments, 8 ng/mg prot; and newborn rat intestine, 11 ng/mg prot. In either rats or guinea pigs, the secretin concentration in the proximal small intestine fell between days 2 and 6 postpartum to levels 3- and 10-fold below their respective newborn values. It is consistent with the relatively mature state of the newborn guinea pig digestive tract that it displays the proximal-to-distal gradient of secretin that is characteristic of both adult guinea pigs and rats. In the proximal intestine of both species, intestinal growth outpaces the accumulation of secretin.

Experiments with Trichostrongylus colubriformis (Giles, 1892) in the guinea-pig I. The effect of the host response on the distribution of the parasites in the gut

Parasitology ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Connan
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Research Training ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Trichostrongylus Colubriformis ◽  
University Of Cambridge ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Health Trust

The distribution of Trichostrongylus colubriformis in the intestine of the non-immune guinea-pig is described. At day 10 of the primary infection the majority of larvae were found in the anterior half of the small intestine with progressively smaller numbers in all parts of the gut posterior to this. However, soon after day 10 a migration of the worm population took place so that by day 15, before there had been a reduction in the total present, the majority of worms were found in the posterior small intestine. Thereafter the posterior movement continued, but while the numbers in the large intestine increased the movement then coincided with the beginning of the expulsion of the worms.By the irradiation of guinea-pigs prior to infection the posterior migration was prevented, indicating that the latter was the result of a host response.The independent migration of two generations of parasites was noted and two possible explanations are put forward.This work was carried out during the tenure of a Research Training Scholarship awarded by the Animal Health Trust.The author would like to thank Professor W. I. B. Beveridge in whose Department this work was carried out, and also Mr King of the Department of Radio-therapeutics, University of Cambridge, who irradiated the guinea-pigs used in Expt. 3.

Glycogen in guinea pig neutrophils: Ultrastructural study of neutrophils at the intradermal site of BCG injection

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 726-727
Author(s):  
Corazon D. Bucana
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Random Distribution ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies

In the circulating blood of man and guinea pigs, glycogen occurs primarily in polymorphonuclear neutrophils and platelets. The amount of glycogen in neutrophils increases with time after the cells leave the bone marrow, and the distribution of glycogen in neutrophils changes from an apparently random distribution to large clumps when these cells move out of the circulation to the site of inflammation in the peritoneal cavity. The objective of this study was to further investigate changes in glycogen content and distribution in neutrophils. I chose an intradermal site because it allows study of neutrophils at various stages of extravasation.Initially, osmium ferrocyanide and osmium ferricyanide were used to fix glycogen in the neutrophils for ultrastructural studies. My findings confirmed previous reports that showed that glycogen is well preserved by both these fixatives and that osmium ferricyanide protects glycogen from solubilization by uranyl acetate.I found that osmium ferrocyanide similarly protected glycogen. My studies showed, however, that the electron density of mitochondria and other cytoplasmic organelles was lower in samples fixed with osmium ferrocyanide than in samples fixed with osmium ferricyanide.

Immunochemical visualization of cyclic AMP in myenteric neurons of guinea-pig small intestine+

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A683-A683
Author(s):  
J GUZMAN ◽  
S SHARP ◽  
J YU ◽  
F MCMORRIS ◽  
A WIEMELT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Myenteric Neurons

Effects of stimulating protease-activated receptors on myenteric newrons in guinea-pig small intestine

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A114-A114
Author(s):  
C GAO ◽  
H HU ◽  
S LIU ◽  
N GAO ◽  
Y XIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Protease Activated Receptors

INCORPORATION OF IODIDE INTO ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN THE GUINEA PIG THYROID

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ekholm ◽  
T. Zelander ◽  
P.-S. Agrell
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Protein Binding ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Microsomal Fraction ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Particulate Fraction ◽  
Supernatant Fraction ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

ABSTRACT Guinea pigs, kept on a iodine-sufficient diet, were injected with Na131I and the thyroids excised from 45 seconds to 5 days later. The thyroid tissue was homogenized and separated into a combined nuclear-mitochondrial-microsomal fraction and a supernatant fraction by centrifugation at 140 000 g for one hour. Protein bound 131iodine (PB131I) and free 131iodide were determined in the fractions and the PB131I was analysed for monoiodotyrosine (MIT), diiodotyrosine (DIT) and thyroxine after hydrolysis of PB131I. As early as only 20 minutes after the Na131I-injection almost 100% of the particulate fraction 131I was protein bound. In the supernatant fraction the protein binding was somewhat less rapid and PB131I values above 90% of total supernatant 131I were not found until 3 hours after the injection. In all experiments the total amount of PB131I was higher in the supernatant than in the corresponding particulate fraction. The ratio between supernatant PB131I and pellet PB131I was lower in experiments up to 3 minutes and from 2 to 5 days than in experiments of 6 minutes to 20 hours. Hydrolysis of PB131I yielded, even in the shortest experiments, both MIT and DIT. The DIT/MIT ratio was lower in the experiments up to 2 hours than in those of 3 hours and over.

Method for recording ECG's in unanesthetized guinea pigs

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1091-1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred Richtarik ◽  
Thomas A. Woolsey ◽  
Enrique Valdivia
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Standing Posture ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Rapid Succession ◽  
Unanesthetized Animals ◽  
Animal Size ◽  
Four Electrodes

A device for use in recording ECG's from guinea pigs is described. It is constructed of Plexiglas and consists of a base with four electrodes (separated by plastic ridges) on which the animal stands. The animal's activity is restricted by a removable box, the ends and top of which are adjustable to compensate for variations in animal size. The device permits recording of ECG's in rapid succession from quiet, unanesthetized animals in normal standing posture. Results obtained with the method are reported. apparatus for guinea pig ECG; time relations guinea pig ECG; normal ECG, guinea pig; factors affecting quality of ECG recordings from guinea pigs Submitted on October 21, 1964

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