CHANGES IN ANTIGENICITY OF THE BRAIN OF THE CHICK EMBRYO

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. McCallion ◽  
J. C. Trott
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Embryonic Brain ◽  
Chicken Serum ◽  
Immunoelectrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Embryonic Antigens ◽  
Antigen Present ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Embryo Brain

Antiserum against 9-day chick embryo brain was obtained in rabbits. After absorption on chicken serum this antiserum was used in immunoelectrophoretic analysis of the brain of the developing chick. Several embryonic antigens common to all tissues that disappear at hatching were detected. Three adult neural-specific antigens were revealed. At least one neural-specific antigen, present in embryonic brain, disappears before hatching.

Transient embryonic antigens in the chick

Development ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-516
Author(s):  
D. J. McCallion ◽  
J. C. Trott
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Primitive Streak ◽  
Adult Chicken ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Chicken Brain ◽  
Early Chick Embryo ◽  
Embryonic Antigens ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
The Brain

The Presence of an organ antigen in the early chick embryo was first demonstrated by Schechtman (1948). He found that an antigenic substance common to brain, heart, liver and muscle of chicks at hatching is already present in primitive streak and early neurula stages of the embryo. This observation, with respect to brain and heart, was subsequently confirmed by Ebert (1950). McCallion & Langman (1964) have recently demonstrated that there are at least eight antigenic substances in the adult chicken brain that are class-specific but that are more or less common to other organs, with only quantitative differences. These authors have further demonstrated that there are at least three, possibly as many as five, antigenic substances in adult chicken brain that are not only class-specific but also tissue-specific, occurring only in the brain, spinal cord, nervous retina and nerves. The non-specific antigens appear progressively during the first 4 days of incubation.

Differentiation of kidney antigens in the human foetus

Development ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-537
Author(s):  
Ewert Linder
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Mouse Kidney ◽  
Human Foetus ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
Number Of Authors

The appearance of new antigens in the embryo during differentiation has been investigated by a number of authors. Among the proteins studied were myosin (Holtzer, 1961; Ebert, 1962), Jens crystallin (Ten Cate & Van Doorenmaalen, 1950), chick embryo haemoglobin (Wilt, 1962), and keratin during feather formation in chick embryo (Ben-Or & Bell, 1965). The development of liver proteins in the chick embryo was studied by D'Amelio, Mutolo & Piazza (1963). Okada & Sato (1963) and Okada (1965) studied the appearance of a ‘kidney-specific’ antigen in the developing mesonephros. Lahti & Saxen (1966) demonstrated the appearance of mouse kidney-specific tubule antigens during development both in vivo and in vitro. ‘Kidney-specific’ antigens are found in the metanephric proximal secreting tubules of various mammals (Hill & Cruickshank, 1953; Weiler, 1956; Groupe & Kaplan, 1967; Nairn, Ghose & Maxwell, 1967), including man (Nairn, Ghose, Fothergill & McEntegart, 1962), and in the mesonephric tubules of birds.

The significance of antibody to the psittacosis–L.G.V. group antigen

1969 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 1173-1178
Author(s):  
H. Wyman ◽  
C. Rigby ◽  
J. C. Wilt ◽  
J. A. Hildes
Keyword(s):  
Northwest Territories ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
The North ◽  
Antigen Present ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
Animal Reservoirs

Antibody to the psittacosis–lymphogranuloma venereum (psittacosis–L.G.V.) group antigen was present in 88% of serum samples collected in 1967 from 100 persons at Eskimo Point, Northwest Territories (N.W.T.), thus confirming previous reports of a high incidence of this antibody in Northern residents. The present study to determine the significance of these antibodies, excluded the possibility that they had been formed in response to a heterophile antigen present in bacteria, rickettsia, or egg yolk, While the sera of Manitobans that reacted with the group antigen also reacted with a specially prepared specific antigen of psittacosis, none of the Eskimo sera that reacted with the group antigen reacted with the specific antigens prepared from psittacosis or meningopneumonitis. The antibody against the group antigen was totally adsorbed with live meningopneumonitis group antigen. These findings, plus the fact that some chlamydial diseases do not occur in the North, and that the animal reservoirs of other chlamydia do not exist in the North, limit the possible causative agents of these antibodies to ornithosis, human pneumonitis, and animal pneumonitis. Evidence suggests that a unique, endemic chlamydial agent stimulated the production of these antibodies; further work will be required to determine which particular member of the chlamydial group is responsible, and to demonstrate its reservoir.

Notes: O6-Alkylguanine-DNA Alkyltransferase in the Chick Embryo during Development

1992 ◽  
Vol 47 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 483-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Ignatius ◽  
Karlheinz Tempel
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Chicken Embryo ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Dna Alkylation ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Dna Alkyltransferase ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Embryo Brain

In the whole embryo, O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AT) activity increased until day 9 of development and declined sharply after day 13. AT activity of the liver was greatest between day 12 and day 20 and decreased fast after hatching. In the brain, AT activities reached a maximum at day 17 and 18 and declined sharply after hatching. At two developmental stages with different AT activities (day 10 and day 17) DNA alkylation in the brains was estimated 6, 12, 24 und 48 h after administration of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea in ovo by viscometric measurement of DNA fragmentation. The high AT activities of the chicken embryo brain at the 17th day of development correlated with minor DNA fragmentation following a repair period of 12-24 h. It is suggested that the high basal level of AT in the chick embryo might have a protective function against the persistence of the genotoxic lesion O6-methylguanine during development.

scholarly journals Serological Assays for Identification of Human Gastric Colonization by Helicobacter pylori Strains Expressing VacA m1 or m2

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandrabali Ghose ◽  
Guillermo I. Perez-Perez ◽  
Victor J. Torres ◽  
Marialuisa Crosatti ◽  
Abraham Nomura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Secreted Protein ◽  
Gastric Epithelial Cells ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Development Of Gastric Cancer

ABSTRACT The Helicobacter pylori vacA gene encodes a secreted protein (VacA) that alters the function of gastric epithelial cells and T lymphocytes. H. pylori strains containing particular vacA alleles are associated with differential risk of disease. Because the VacA midregion may exist as one of two major types, m1 or m2, serologic responses may potentially be used to differentiate between patients colonized with vacA m1- or vacA m2-positive H. pylori strains. In this study, we examined the utility of specific antigens from the m regions of VacA as allele-specific diagnostic antigens. We report that serological responses to P44M1, an H. pylori m1-specific antigen, are observed predominantly in patients colonized with m1-positive strains, whereas responses to VacA m2 antigens, P48M2 and P55M2, are observed in patients colonized with either m1- or m2-positive strains. In an Asian-American population, serologic responses to VacA m region-specific antigens were not able to predict the risk of development of gastric cancer.

Inductive patterning of the embryonic brain in Drosophila

Development ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 129 (9) ◽  
pp. 2121-2128
Author(s):  
Damon T. Page
Keyword(s):  
Brain Development ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Last Common Ancestor ◽  
Embryonic Brain ◽  
Germ Layers ◽  
Brain Anomaly ◽  
Prechordal Plate ◽  
Foregut Endoderm ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Patterning

In vertebrates (deuterostomes), brain patterning depends on signals from adjacent tissues. For example, holoprosencephaly, the most common brain anomaly in humans, results from defects in signaling between the embryonic prechordal plate (consisting of the dorsal foregut endoderm and mesoderm) and the brain. I have examined whether a similar mechanism of brain development occurs in the protostome Drosophila, and find that the foregut and mesoderm act to pattern the fly embryonic brain. When the foregut and mesoderm of Drosophila are ablated, brain patterning is disrupted. The loss of Hedgehog expressed in the foregut appears to mediate this effect, as it does in vertebrates. One mechanism whereby these defects occur is a disruption of normal apoptosis in the brain. These data argue that the last common ancestor of protostomes and deuterostomes had a prototype of the brains present in modern animals, and also suggest that the foregut and mesoderm contributed to the patterning of this ‘proto-brain’. They also argue that the foreguts of protostomes and deuterostomes, which have traditionally been assigned to different germ layers, are actually homologous.

scholarly journals A new Salmonella type possessing a hitherto undescribed non-specific antigen

1937 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 384-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip R. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
New Type ◽  
Specific Antigens

The designation, Newington, is proposed for those cultures ofS. anatumhaving the antigenic formula III XV:eh: 1, 4, 6. A new type, New Brunswick, is described which is represented by the formula III XV:lv: 1, 7 +. Attention is called to the inadequacy of the symbols currently employed in the representation of the non-specific antigens to express correctly the non-specific phases of the Nyborg and New Brunswick types.

scholarly journals STRUCTURE OF TYPE 5 ADENOVIRUS

1963 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley C. Wilcox ◽  
Harold S. Ginsberg
Keyword(s):  
Virus Particle ◽  
Density Gradient ◽  
Infectious Virus ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Equilibrium Density ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
Virus Antigens

Type 5 adenovirus was purified by fluorocarbon (freon 113) treatment followed by banding in a CsCl equilibrium density gradient. This method permitted separation of virus from normal host cell materials and virus-specific soluble antigens. Virus banded in CsCl with a mean bouyant density of 1.3349 gm/cm3. The three virus-specific soluble antigens (group- and type-specific antigens and toxin) banded together with a mean bouyant density of 1.2832 gm/cm3. The group-specific antigen was the predominant antigen of the purified virus particle, whereas the group- and type-specific antigens were present in equal titers in the antigen band. Infectious virus particles were inactivated by prolonged dialysis at pH 10.5. Centrifugation of inactivated virus preparations in a CsCl equilibrium density gradient resulted in separation of virus DNA from specific antigen: the antigens banded with a mean bouyant density of 1.2832 gm/cm3 and the DNA sedimented to the bottom of the tube. The predominant antigen derived from purified virus particles was the group-specific antigen and it was in the same relative proportion to the type-specific antigen as measured in intact particles. The antigens derived from disrupted virus were immunologically identical with the soluble virus antigens present in infected cells.

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