NUMBER OF OSTEOBLASTS PER UNIT AREA OF OSTEOID SEAM IN CORTICAL HUMAN BONE

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Schen ◽  
A. R. Villanueva ◽  
H. M. Frost
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Human Bone ◽  
Normal People ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Osteoid Seam

The fifth, sixth, or seventh ribs from 97 metabolically normal people of all ages were examined. Mineralized longitudinal sections were specially stained to show both osteoid seams and osteoblasts. In 19 persons, the mean number of osteoblasts per mm2 of active osteoid seam surface on 111 seams was 4500. In 66 persons, a layer of osteoblasts was present on only 29% of 121 seams. The seams without layers of osteoblasts nevertheless were part of actively forming Haversian systems as judged by other criteria. No significant age differences were observed in either value.

scholarly journals Morphological and Morphometric Study of the Supratrochlear Foramen

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (01) ◽  
pp. 54-57
Author(s):  
F.A. Silva ◽  
T.S. Silva ◽  
P.R.F.B. Souza ◽  
R.S. Reis ◽  
M.R.S. Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distal Humerus ◽  
Distal Portion ◽  
Medullary Canal ◽  
Human Bone ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
Academic Center ◽  
Preoperative Procedures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

Introduction The supratrochlear foramen (SF) is located in the distal portion of the humerus, formed in between the coronoid fossa and the olecranon fossa. Is associated with a narrowing of the medullary canal in the distal humerus, in addition to being a phylogenetic characteristic, more common in ancient populations. The objective was to evaluate the incidence of the supratrochlear foramen, it's shape, dimensions and translucency of the septum. Materials and Methods A total of 141 humerus adults, 72 right and 69 left-handed individuals from the collection of the Human Bone of the Academic Center of Vitória-Brazil. The format was classified as oval, round, irregular and cribriform. The vertical (VD) and transversal (TD) diameter were measured and the translucency of the septum was observed. Results Of the 141 humerus, 19.8% (28) had SF 39.3% (11) on the right side and 60.7% (17) on the left side. The oval was the most recurrent, found in 39% of the cases and the translucency was identified in 78% (110) of the bones. The mean VD was 3.653 mm and 3.492 mm on the right and left sides, respectively. The mean of the TD was 4.853 mm on the right side and 5.427 mm on the left. The area averages were 19.633 ± 20.57 mm2 on the right side and 19.919 ± 19.24 mm2 on the left side. Conclusion The knowledge of SF favors the preoperative procedures of patients with fractures in the distal humerus, necessary for the surgeries in the region.

scholarly journals Acute liver failure in children: observations in Vitória, Espírito Santo State, Brazil

2002 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 483-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra F. Moreira-Silva ◽  
Diana O. Frauches ◽  
Alba L. Almeida ◽  
Haydée F.M.S. Mendonça ◽  
Fausto Edmundo L. Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Liver Failure ◽  
Acute Liver Failure ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Fatal Disease ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sporadic Hepatitis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Acute Sporadic Hepatitis

In this communication we report 46 cases of acute liver failure in children diagnosed at the Hospital Infantil Nossa Senhora da Glória in Vitória, E Santo. Serology for IgM anti-HAV, IgM anti-HBc, HbsAg, anti-HCV and biochemical tests were performed in all cases in a routine laboratory. The M/F ratio was 1.1:1 and the mean age was 4.7±3.2 years, without gender difference. Anti-HAV IgM+ in 38 (82.6%) cases, anti-HbcIgM+ in two (4.3 %) cases and 6 (13.1%) cases were negative for all viral markers investigated. Anti- HCV+ in one anti-HAV IgM+ case. HbsAg+ in two anti-HbcIgM+ and in two HAVIgM+ cases. Among the six A, B and C negative cases, four (8.6%) did not have the suspected exogenous intoxication. Mortality was 50%, without gender or age differences. These results demonstrate that HAV infection is the main etiology of acute liver failure in children in Brazil, confirming that, although it is a self limited, relatively mild illness, it can cause serious and even fatal disease. The observation of four cases without A, B and C viral markers and no history of exogenous intoxication, agree with the observation of non A-E acute sporadic hepatitis in Northeastern Brazil.

A Rational Approach to the Mapping of Freeze Dates1,2

1961 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 703-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Caprio
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Temperature Range ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Statistical Relation ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Interval Maps ◽  
Diurnal Temperature ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
The Mean

Two methods of estimating average last-freeze dates as applied in Montana are described. Both methods are based on the observation that day-time-temperature differences between Weather Bureau climatological stations in close proximity and at the same elevation are much less than night-time differences in temperature. A procedure for drawing 100-ft-elevation-interval maps of the date when the mean maximum temperature reaches 70F in the spring is described. The first method of estimating freeze dates is based on the statistical relation between average date of last spring freeze, the date when the mean maximum temperature reaches 70F and average diurnal temperature range at the time. The second method incorporates the same general parameters but is based entirely on mapping procedures. A method of mapping average last-freeze dates is described employing the unit area concept, which can be applied in connection with either method of estimating average last-freeze dates.

Theory of the Non-Newtonian Rheology of Raw Rubbers Consisting of Supermolecular Rheological Units

1957 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 460-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mooney
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Flow Curve ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Mathematical Treatment ◽  
Relative Movement ◽  
Elastic Solids ◽  
Continuous Shear ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Better Than

Abstract A theory of the viscosity of raw rubbers is developed on the postulate that raw rubbers, when subjected to continuous shear in the non-Newtonian region of flow, consist of microscopic rheological units which are semipermanent aggregates of many rubber molecules. The theory treats these units as tacky, elastic solids, whose relative movement and slippage constitute the macroscopic flow of the rubber. The resulting theoretical flow curve differs little from that given by Smallwood, but the interpretation of the parameters is radically different. The new theory leads to expressions for the number of temporary point attachments per unit area between two touching rheological units and for the mean life of these attachments. Agreement with experimental data is slightly better than in Smallwood. Two types of observed deviation from the theory can be interpreted as due to two plausible phenomena not included in the mathematical treatment.

The fleece of the Scottish Blackface sheep I. Seasonal changes in wool production and fleece structure

1961 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Doney ◽  
W. F. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Fibre Type ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Fibre Types ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Apparent Change ◽  
The Mean

1. Seasonal changes in wool production per unit area of unstretched skin, number of fibres of each type per unit area, ratio of fibre types, mean fibre weights, lengths and diameters and degree of medullation are given. The production cycle shows a peak in August and September and a trough in February and March, the weight of wool produced in the latter period being only 16% of that in the former. Approximately 80% of the fleece is produced in the 6 months from June to November (lambing ewes). Other components show similar trends.2. The production cycle does not entirely coincide with the nutritional cycle as estimated from bodyweight changes before late pregnancy. Whilst bodyweight increases from September to November wool production declines by about 25%.3. The winter drop in wool production per unit area is caused partly by a decrease in the mean weight of each fibre type (in turn made up of a decrease in both length and diameter) and partly by a 50% reduction in the number of active fine fibre follicles and a 100% reduction in active kemp follicles. There is no apparent change in the number of active coarse fibre follicles. The degree of medullation of both coarse and fine fibres declines substantially between December and May.

Physical analysis of the fleece of sheep for biological purposes. II. Estimation of the number and mean diameter of wool fibres from a cast of their cross-section

1951 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
LT Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Physical Analysis ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Limits Of Error

A technique has been developed for making a cast of the cross-section of a bundle of wool fibres under defined packing conditions. By counting the fibre impressions per unit area in representative portions of the cast, both the total number of fibres and the mean diameter can be rapidly calculated within fairly close limits of error.

scholarly journals Skin friction of the wind on the Earth's surface

1916 ◽  
Vol 92 (637) ◽  
pp. 196-199 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Flat Plate ◽  
Skin Friction ◽  
Solid Surface ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Tangential Force ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Small Surface ◽  
The Mean ◽  
General Velocity ◽  
Very High

The mechanism by means of which momentum is transmitted to a solid surface, in order that it may exert a drag on a fluid flowing past it, is at present understood only very imperfectly. It seems certain, however, that the law of dynamical similarity is applicable to skin friction; if therefore it were possible to measure the tangential force exerted by the wind as it blows over a large tract of land, it should be equal to the skin friction on a similar small surface when subjected to the action of the very high wind which would correspond with the same value of l V/ v . In reducing the tract of land to a similar small flat plate, the trees and houses would be reduced to a mere roughness on the plate. It is to be expected therefore that, if the skin friction on unit area of the earth's surface be expressed in the form F = kp Q 2 s , (1) Q s being the wind velocity near the surface and p the density of air, the constant k will be the same as the constant which would be found in the laboratory by experimenting with a small, slightly roughened plate, if a sufficiently high value of l V/ v , could be obtained. It should be noticed, however, that the velocity which should be compared with is the velocity close to the solid surface and not the general velocity of the air in the case of a flat plate, or the mean velocity over a cross section in the case of flow in a pipe.

scholarly journals Atomizing Characteristics of Swirl Can Combustor Modules With Swirl Blast Fuel Injectors

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Ingebo
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Drop Size ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Fuel Injector ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Fuel Injectors ◽  
Cold Flow ◽  
Water Sprays ◽  
The Mean

Cold flow atomization tests of several different designs of swirl can combustor modules were conducted in a 7.6 cm diameter duct at airflow rates (per unit area) of 7.3 to 25.7 g/cm2 sec and water flow rates of 6.3 to 18.9 g/sec. The effect of air and water flow rates on the mean drop size of water sprays produced with the swirl blast fuel injectors were determined. Also, from these data it was possible to determine the effect of design modifications on the atomizing performance of various fuel injector and air swirler configurations. The trend in atomizing performance, as based on the mean drop size, was then compared with the trends in the production of nitrogen oxides obtained in combustion studies with the same swirl can combustors.

scholarly journals The Golden Years: Men From The Forbes 400 Have Much Younger Wives When Remarrying Than the General US Population.

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas V Pollet ◽  
Sophia E Pratt ◽  
Gracia Edwards ◽  
Gert Stulp
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Wealthy Women

A common stereotype is that richer men have wives who are substantially younger than themselves. However, some research suggests that large age gaps are actually more common with low male income, at least in the general population. Here, we examine spousal age differences among the super wealthy (Forbes 400 list – the richest 400 individuals in the US). Men from the Forbes 400 on average had a spouse who was seven years younger, which is significantly different from the mean age difference between spouses in the US population. Furthermore when these men remarried, their subsequent spouse was substantially younger, twenty-two years younger on average, again markedly different from the general population. Wealthy women did not differ from the general population in terms of spousal age differences. We conclude that based on these data the stereotype that rich men (re)marry younger wives holds a kernel of truth, at least for a sample of the super wealthy.

scholarly journals TYPING EYES: A HUMAN COMPUTER INTERFACE TECHNOLOGY

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (02) ◽  
pp. 80-88
Author(s):  
Sathish A
Keyword(s):  
Computer Interface ◽  
Human Computer Interface ◽  
Sensory Organs ◽  
Human Voice ◽  
Normal People ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
The Mean

The human’s beings always make use of their sensory modalities to effectively communicate or carry out their jobs. The humans use the sensory organs such as the ears, eyes mouth, including the hands to deliver a good verbal conversation. The human computer interface technology could also be made classier by involving the human voice, hands and eyes to access an application or control a device etc.; they paper puts forth the development of the human computer interface based on the eyes movement for typing the information without using the hand for typing, this could be very much useful for the patients with disabilities in the arms or affected by paralytic attacks for their regular works associated with the computers and can also be used by the normal people in security intensive applications, the evaluation results obtained for the proposed method using the MATLAB shows that the mean typing speed to be 30 characters per minute.

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