ON THE ORIGIN OF THE CELLULASE AND CHITINASE OF HELIX POMATIA

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1621-1626 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Strasdine ◽  
D. R. Whitaker
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Helix Pomatia ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Chitinase Activity ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Digestive Juice ◽  
Viable Bacteria ◽  
Snail Helix Pomatia

Specimens of the snail Helix pomatia were fed for 2 days at room temperature after emergence from hibernation at 4° and total soluble protein, total units of cellulase activity towards carboxymethyl cellulose, and total units of chitinase activity towards glycol chitin were determined in the digestive juice, hepatopancreas, and intestinal wall. Comparisons of these values with those for hibernating snails showed that emergence from hibernation and resumption of feeding was accompanied by a substantial decrease in soluble protein in the hepatopancreas, and a substantial increase in soluble protein cellulase and chitinase in the digestive juice. Cellulase and chitinase in the digestive juice showed little change in specific activity and were present in approximately the same ratio as in the hepatopancreas and intestinal wall. The volume of digestive juice in snails which had been deprived of food after a brief posthibernation feeding increased significantly with starvation times up to at least 5 days but the concentration of protein, cellulase, chitinase, and helicorubin showed no significant change. Plate counts for viable bacteria in the hepatopancreas indicated that the hepatopancreas was virtually sterile. The difficulty of reconciling these findings with the hypothesis of a bacterial origin for the cellulase and chitinase in snail digestive juice is discussed.

ON THE ORIGIN OF THE CELLULASE AND CHITINASE OF HELIX POMATIA

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 1621-1626 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Strasdine ◽  
D. R. Whitaker
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Helix Pomatia ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Chitinase Activity ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Digestive Juice ◽  
Viable Bacteria ◽  
Snail Helix Pomatia

Specimens of the snail Helix pomatia were fed for 2 days at room temperature after emergence from hibernation at 4° and total soluble protein, total units of cellulase activity towards carboxymethyl cellulose, and total units of chitinase activity towards glycol chitin were determined in the digestive juice, hepatopancreas, and intestinal wall. Comparisons of these values with those for hibernating snails showed that emergence from hibernation and resumption of feeding was accompanied by a substantial decrease in soluble protein in the hepatopancreas, and a substantial increase in soluble protein cellulase and chitinase in the digestive juice. Cellulase and chitinase in the digestive juice showed little change in specific activity and were present in approximately the same ratio as in the hepatopancreas and intestinal wall. The volume of digestive juice in snails which had been deprived of food after a brief posthibernation feeding increased significantly with starvation times up to at least 5 days but the concentration of protein, cellulase, chitinase, and helicorubin showed no significant change. Plate counts for viable bacteria in the hepatopancreas indicated that the hepatopancreas was virtually sterile. The difficulty of reconciling these findings with the hypothesis of a bacterial origin for the cellulase and chitinase in snail digestive juice is discussed.

HYDROLYSIS OF CONJUGATED ESTROGEN FRACTIONS IN HUMAN PREGNANCY URINE

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 1501-1514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidsel Bugge ◽  
Mona Nilsen ◽  
Ann Metcalfe-Gibson ◽  
R. Hobkirk
Keyword(s):  
Helix Pomatia ◽  
Enzyme Hydrolysis ◽  
Digestive Juice ◽  
Human Pregnancy ◽  
Mammalian Liver ◽  
Pregnancy Urine ◽  
Snail Enzyme ◽  
17Β Estradiol ◽  
Snail Helix Pomatia ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The release of six estrogen fractions from conjugation in human pregnancy urines has been studied using various hydrolytic methods. The estrogens concerned were estrone, estradiol-17β (estradiol), 2-methoxyestrone, 16-epiestriol, and a ring D ketolic fraction (mainly 16α-hydroxyestrone). Considerable amounts of urinary estrone and ring D ketolic estrogens may be conjugated in a non-glucuronide form. In these cases an enzyme preparation containing β-glucuronidase and sulphatase, prepared from the digestive juice of the snail Helix pomatia, proved to be superior to β-glucuronidase enzymes of bacterial or mammalian liver origin. Conventional hot acid hydrolysis yielded levels of estrone, estradiol, estriol, and 16-epiestriol which agreed fairly well with those obtained following snail enzyme hydrolysis. In some urines, hot acid treatment was not suitable for hydrolysis of conjugated 2-methoxyestrone. Optimum hydrolytic conditions for both normal and diabetic pregnancy urines were realized by incubating for 24 hours with 500 units of the snail β-glucuronidase and 250 units of sulphatase/ml of urine at pH 5.2 and 37–38 °C.

Reproduction of the Roman snail (Helix pomatia L.) from a local natural population in farm conditions and in a natural habitat

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Ligaszewski ◽  
Przemysław Pol
Keyword(s):  
Natural Population ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Helix Pomatia ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Animal Reproduction ◽  
Snail Helix Pomatia ◽  
June July ◽  
A Site

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the quality of clutches and reproduction results of two groups of Roman snails (Helix pomatia) from the same local population, laying eggs simultaneously in semi-natural farm conditions and in a natural habitat. The study material were Roman snails aged 2 or more years which had entered the third phenological season of their life and thus the first season of sexual maturity. Observations were conducted at an earthen enclosure in a greenhouse belonging to the experimental farm for edible snails at the National Research Institute of Animal Reproduction in Balice near Kraków (Poland) as well as at a site where a local population naturally occurs in the uncultivated park surrounding the Radziwiłł Palace. In the June-July season, differences among such parameters as weight of clutch, number of eggs in clutch, mean egg weight, and hatchling percentage when compared to the total number of eggs in the clutch were compared. It was determined that clutches of eggs from the natural population laid in the greenhouse were of lesser weight (P<0.01), contained fewer eggs (P<0.05), and the mean weight of individual eggs was less (P<0.05) than in clutches laid simultaneously in a natural habitat. Both in the greenhouse and the natural habitat, in the first phase of laying eggs (June) the weight of the clutch and number of eggs its contained were greater than in the second phase (July). However, only for snails laying eggs in the greenhouse were these differences statistically significant (P<0.05) and highly significant (P<0.01), respectively. Statistically significant differences were not observed in hatchling percentage between eggs laid in the greenhouse and the natural habitat. The lower number of eggs laid in the farmed conditions of the greenhouse was successfully compensated for by the absence of mass destruction by rodents which occurred in the natural habitat.

Tissue culture and genetic analysis of somaclonal variations of Solanum melongena L. cv. Nirrala

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1182-1195
Author(s):  
Samar Naseer ◽  
Tariq Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Fresh Tissue ◽  
Somaclonal Variations ◽  
Random Amplification ◽  
Plant Grown

AbstractThe present study was designed to analyze genetically somaclonal variants using biochemical and molecular markers. Efficient tissue culture protocol for Solanum melongena L. cv. Nirrala was developed. Maximum callus induction (100%) was observed for Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with 2.0 mg L−1 naphthalene acetic acid +0.5 mg L−1 6-benzylaminopurine; and nodal explants gave best callusing response (88.8%) as compared to internodes (88.3%) and leaves (87.7%). The best shooting was induced on nodal and internodal callus in the presence of 2.0 mg L−1 6-benzylaminopurine. Total soluble protein content of callus and regenerated variant plants was estimated for biochemical analysis, and largest amount of soluble protein was found in callus (6.54 mg g−1 fresh tissue) followed by variant plant grown on 2.0 mg L−1 6-benzylaminopurine (5.96 mg g−1 fresh tissue). Random amplification of polymorphic DNA technique was done with five decamer primers (OPC1-OPC5) and maximum polymorphism was detected by OPC 2 (26.99%) among all samples, whereas nodal callus on media containing 1.0 mg L−1 naphthalene acetic acid +1.0 mg L−1 6-benzylaminopurine showed highest polymorphism producing 22 bands, out of which 8 bands were polymorphic. The study shows that this marker system can provide better evaluation of genetic variation induced by tissue culture.

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