INFLUENCE OF SELECTIVE AND NON-SELECTIVE HYDROGENATION OF RAPESEED OIL ON CARCASS FAT OF RATS

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Craig ◽  
C. G. Youngs ◽  
Joyce L. Beare ◽  
J. A. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Dietary Oils ◽  
Lower Weight ◽  
Lower Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gains

Two rapeseed oils with erucic acid contents of 23 and 42%, their hydrogenated products produced under selective and non-selective conditions, corn oil, and a lard – olive oil mixture were fed to separate groups of rats for 4 weeks. Fatty acid composition of dietary oils and carcass fats was determined. The rapeseed oils and their hydrogenated products were associated with lower food intakes and lower body weight gains than were corn oil and the lard – olive oil mixture. Small amounts of erucic acid were incorporated into the body fats. It is possible that the amount of palmitic acid in the rapeseed oils and their products is too small for a good balance of dietary fatty acids, and is partially responsible for the lower weight gains.

INFLUENCE OF SELECTIVE AND NON-SELECTIVE HYDROGENATION OF RAPESEED OIL ON CARCASS FAT OF RATS

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Craig ◽  
C. G. Youngs ◽  
Joyce L. Beare ◽  
J. A. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Dietary Oils ◽  
Lower Weight ◽  
Lower Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gains

Two rapeseed oils with erucic acid contents of 23 and 42%, their hydrogenated products produced under selective and non-selective conditions, corn oil, and a lard – olive oil mixture were fed to separate groups of rats for 4 weeks. Fatty acid composition of dietary oils and carcass fats was determined. The rapeseed oils and their hydrogenated products were associated with lower food intakes and lower body weight gains than were corn oil and the lard – olive oil mixture. Small amounts of erucic acid were incorporated into the body fats. It is possible that the amount of palmitic acid in the rapeseed oils and their products is too small for a good balance of dietary fatty acids, and is partially responsible for the lower weight gains.

THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF RAPESEED OIL ON WEIGHT GAIN, AND OF GOLDEN RAPESEED OIL ON REPRODUCTION, OF THE RAT

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 1191-1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce L. Beare ◽  
E. R. W. Gregory ◽  
J. A. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Retarding Effect ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Reproduction Study

Rapeseed oil of the Polish, Golden, or Swedish varieties, corn oil, or mixtures of corn oil and ethyl erucate were fed to weanling rats of the Wistar strain for 9 weeks. Weight gains were inversely related to the content of erucic acid in the diet, confirming previous indications that the growth retarding effect of rapeseed oil is due to its erucic acid. In general, the differences in weight gains could be explained by the effect of rapeseed oil on food consumption.Golden rapeseed oil and corn oil were compared in a reproduction study involving three litters of one generation. Although the young of rats fed rapeseed oil were of lesser weanling weight, there was no difference in the number of animals successfully weaned.

EFFECT OF DIETARY OILS ON THE DEPLETION OF VITAMIN A

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 663-666
Author(s):  
T. K. Murray ◽  
J. L. Beare ◽  
J. A. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Vitamin A Metabolism ◽  
Dietary Oils ◽  
Depletion Period ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Dietary Oil ◽  
Small Content

The effect of dietary corn oil, olive oil, and rapeseed oil on the vitamin A content of liver and kidney during depletion of the vitamin was studied. Dietary oil had no influence on the rate at which liver stores of the vitamin declined in a 2-month period. Kidney stores of vitamin A rose throughout the depletion period but less markedly in the group fed rapeseed oil. The weight gain of vitamin A deficient rats was reduced somewhat earlier when rapeseed oil was fed but the survival time of rats fed corn oil or rapeseed oil was similar. The rats fed olive oil lived somewhat longer due to its small content of β-carotene. It was concluded that rapeseed oil had only a slight influence on vitamin A metabolism.

EFFECTS OF SATURATED FAT IN RATS FED RAPESEED OIL

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 605-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce L. Beare ◽  
J. A. Campbell ◽  
C. G. Youngs ◽  
B. M. Craig
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Similar Content

The effects of increasing the saturated fatty acids in a dietary vegetable oil composed mostly of unsaturated fatty acids were studied in rats. A mixture of palm oil and Swedish rapeseed oil fed for 4 weeks as 20% of a purified diet promoted weight gains which exceeded those obtained with Polish rapeseed oil of a similar content of erucic acid, and altered the proportion of saturated fatty acids in the tissues to reflect that of the diet. When methyl esters of saturated fatty acids were added to Swedish rapeseed oil, similar effects on weight gain were not observed, but methyl esters of fatty acids from corn oil and rapeseed oil were shown to be of less nutritional value than the original glycerides. From fatty acids of olive oil, glycerides containing 3% palmitic acid were prepared, and produced weight gains which did not differ significantly from those of rats fed Polish rapeseed oil with a similar content of palmitic acid and 20% erucic acid. The characteristic effects of rapeseed oil are, therefore, attributed to its low content of saturated fatty acids as well as its high content of erucic acid.

THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF RAPESEED OIL ON WEIGHT GAIN, AND OF GOLDEN RAPESEED OIL ON REPRODUCTION, OF THE RAT

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1191-1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce L. Beare ◽  
E. R. W. Gregory ◽  
J. A. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Retarding Effect ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Reproduction Study

Rapeseed oil of the Polish, Golden, or Swedish varieties, corn oil, or mixtures of corn oil and ethyl erucate were fed to weanling rats of the Wistar strain for 9 weeks. Weight gains were inversely related to the content of erucic acid in the diet, confirming previous indications that the growth retarding effect of rapeseed oil is due to its erucic acid. In general, the differences in weight gains could be explained by the effect of rapeseed oil on food consumption.Golden rapeseed oil and corn oil were compared in a reproduction study involving three litters of one generation. Although the young of rats fed rapeseed oil were of lesser weanling weight, there was no difference in the number of animals successfully weaned.

EFFECTS OF SATURATED FAT IN RATS FED RAPESEED OIL

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce L. Beare ◽  
J. A. Campbell ◽  
C. G. Youngs ◽  
B. M. Craig
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Similar Content

The effects of increasing the saturated fatty acids in a dietary vegetable oil composed mostly of unsaturated fatty acids were studied in rats. A mixture of palm oil and Swedish rapeseed oil fed for 4 weeks as 20% of a purified diet promoted weight gains which exceeded those obtained with Polish rapeseed oil of a similar content of erucic acid, and altered the proportion of saturated fatty acids in the tissues to reflect that of the diet. When methyl esters of saturated fatty acids were added to Swedish rapeseed oil, similar effects on weight gain were not observed, but methyl esters of fatty acids from corn oil and rapeseed oil were shown to be of less nutritional value than the original glycerides. From fatty acids of olive oil, glycerides containing 3% palmitic acid were prepared, and produced weight gains which did not differ significantly from those of rats fed Polish rapeseed oil with a similar content of palmitic acid and 20% erucic acid. The characteristic effects of rapeseed oil are, therefore, attributed to its low content of saturated fatty acids as well as its high content of erucic acid.

scholarly journals Revisiting the Compensatory Theory as an explanatory model for relapse in obesity management

2020 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 1170-1179
Author(s):  
Catia Martins ◽  
Gareth R Dutton ◽  
Gary R Hunter ◽  
Barbara A Gower
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Weight Regain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Explanatory Model ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Obesity Management ◽  
Lower Body Weight ◽  
Physiological Adaptations

ABSTRACT Weight regain remains the main challenge in obesity management, and its etiology remains elusive. The aim of the present review was to revise the available evidence regarding the “Compensatory Theory,” which is an explanatory model of relapse in obesity treatment, and to propose alternative mechanisms that can contribute to weight regain. It has been proposed, and generally accepted as true, that when a person loses weight the body fights back, with physiological adaptations on both sides of the energy balance equation that try to bring body weight back to its original state: this is the Compensatory Theory. This theory proposes that the increased orexigenic drive to eat and the reduced energy expenditure that follow weight loss are the main drivers of relapse. However, evidence showing a link between these physiological adaptations to weight loss and weight regain is lacking. Here, we propose that the physiological adaptations to weight loss, both at the level of the homeostatic appetite control system and energy expenditure, are in fact a normalization to a lower body weight and not drivers of weight regain. In light of this we explore other potential mechanisms, both physiological and behavioral, that can contribute to the high incidence of relapse in obesity management. More research is needed to clearly ascertain whether the changes in energy expenditure and homeostatic appetite markers seen in reduced-obese individuals are a compensatory mechanism that drives relapse or a normalization towards a lower body weight, and to explore alternative hypotheses that explain relapse in obesity management.

EFFECT OF DIETARY OILS ON THE DEPLETION OF VITAMIN A

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 663-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. K. Murray ◽  
J. L. Beare ◽  
J. A. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Vitamin A Metabolism ◽  
Dietary Oils ◽  
Depletion Period ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Dietary Oil ◽  
Small Content

The effect of dietary corn oil, olive oil, and rapeseed oil on the vitamin A content of liver and kidney during depletion of the vitamin was studied. Dietary oil had no influence on the rate at which liver stores of the vitamin declined in a 2-month period. Kidney stores of vitamin A rose throughout the depletion period but less markedly in the group fed rapeseed oil. The weight gain of vitamin A deficient rats was reduced somewhat earlier when rapeseed oil was fed but the survival time of rats fed corn oil or rapeseed oil was similar. The rats fed olive oil lived somewhat longer due to its small content of β-carotene. It was concluded that rapeseed oil had only a slight influence on vitamin A metabolism.

THE GROWTH-RETARDING EFFECT OF ERUCIC ACID AND ITS RELATION TO REQUIREMENTS FOR FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 731-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Lower Weight ◽  
Acid Diet ◽  
Retarding Effect ◽  
Fat Soluble Vitamins

Young male rats fed a synthetic diet containing erucic acid but lacking fat-soluble vitamins plateau at a lower weight than those fed similar diets containing no fat or other individual fatty acids. Growth resumes in the erucic acid fed rats when vitamin A acetate and corn oil are administered, but neither is effective alone. The corn oil can be replaced by methyl linoleate. Vitamin A acetate alone causes some additional growth in rats plateaued on diets containing no fat or palmitic acid but it is more effective when combined with corn oil. Rats fed an erucic acid diet containing fat-soluble vitamins still plateaued at a lower weight than rats fed a similar diet containing oleic acid.

Body Mass Index in Female Spanish Olympic Athletes

2005 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lluís Capdevila ◽  
Jordi Niñerola ◽  
Josep Toro
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
University Student ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Lower Body Mass Index ◽  
Olympic Athletes ◽  
Lower Weight ◽  
Rhythmic Gymnasts

The purpose of this study was to examine the Body Mass Index of 180 female Spanish Olympic athletes ( M age = 27.1 yr., SD = 5.9 yr.) who participate in presentation sports and nonpresentation sports, in comparison with 114 female nonathletes ( M age = 20.7, SD = 1.5 yr.). Presentation sports athletes have a profile similar to that of a university student but by age with a lower Body Mass Index. In particular, rhythmic gymnasts have a lower weight and Body Mass Index than other athletes and nonathletes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document