STUDIES ON THE MECHANISMS BY WHICH ERUCIC ACID AFFECTS CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM: DISTRIBUTION OF ERUCIC ACID IN ADRENAL AND PLASMA LIPIDS

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 1115-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Eicosenoic Acid ◽  
Lipid Classes ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Cholesterol Esters ◽  
Plasma Triglycerides

The effect of dietary erucic acid on the fatty acid composition of cholesterol ester, triglyceride and phospholipid fractions of rat adrenal, and plasma has been determined. Lipid classes were separated by chromatography on Florisil and their component fatty acids were determined by gas–liquid chromatography. Erucic acid was found in large amounts in adrenal cholesterol esters and in moderate amounts in adrenal and plasma triglycerides. Only small amounts were found in plasma cholesterol esters or the phospholipids of either adrenals or plasma. Eicosenoic acid was observed in some cases and the level of oleic acid was increased in most lipid classes of both tissues. This indicated partial stepwise oxidation of erucic acid. The increase in adrenal cholesterol caused by feeding erucic acid appears to be due primarily to accumulation of cholesterol erucate.

STUDIES ON THE MECHANISMS BY WHICH ERUCIC ACID AFFECTS CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM: DISTRIBUTION OF ERUCIC ACID IN ADRENAL AND PLASMA LIPIDS

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1115-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Eicosenoic Acid ◽  
Lipid Classes ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Cholesterol Esters ◽  
Plasma Triglycerides

The effect of dietary erucic acid on the fatty acid composition of cholesterol ester, triglyceride and phospholipid fractions of rat adrenal, and plasma has been determined. Lipid classes were separated by chromatography on Florisil and their component fatty acids were determined by gas–liquid chromatography. Erucic acid was found in large amounts in adrenal cholesterol esters and in moderate amounts in adrenal and plasma triglycerides. Only small amounts were found in plasma cholesterol esters or the phospholipids of either adrenals or plasma. Eicosenoic acid was observed in some cases and the level of oleic acid was increased in most lipid classes of both tissues. This indicated partial stepwise oxidation of erucic acid. The increase in adrenal cholesterol caused by feeding erucic acid appears to be due primarily to accumulation of cholesterol erucate.

The Effect of n-3 Fatty Acids on Lipids and Haemostasis in Patients with Type lla and Type IV Hyperlipidaemia

1989 ◽  
Vol 62 (02) ◽  
pp. 797-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Berg Schmidt ◽  
E Ernst ◽  
K Varming ◽  
J O Pedersen ◽  
J Dyerberg
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Apolipoprotein A1 ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Von Willebrand ◽  
Willebrand Factor ◽  
Factor Antigen

SummaryPlasma lipids and haemostasis were investigated in 17 patients with hyperlipidaemia before and after 6 weeks supplementation with 6 g n-3 fatty acids. Nine of the patients had type IIa and 8 had type IV hyperlipidaemia. No effect on plasma cholesterol, LDL- or HDL-cholesterol were seen, but plasma triglycerides decreased after n-3 supplementation. Apolipoprotein B increased and apolipoprotein A1 decreased after the oil supplement. The bleeding time was prolonged, but platelet aggregation was unaltered by n-3 fatty acids. Protein C activity increased in type II a and decreased in type IV after the supplement. Fibrinolysis was markedly depressed while von Willebrand factor antigen was reduced after intake of n-3 fatty acids.

Factors Affecting Plasma Free Fatty Acids Rise during Hemodialysis

1988 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Mingardi ◽  
E. Branca ◽  
M. Cini ◽  
A.M. Codegoni ◽  
G. Mecca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Unknown Mechanism ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Plasma Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Triglycerides ◽  
Plasma Ffa ◽  
Acute Changes

We studied the mechanisms responsible for causing acute changes in plasma lipids during hemodialysis. Dialysis decreased plasma triglycerides to the same extent as when heparin was given without dialysis. Cholesterol increased in proportion to hemoconcentration. Plasma free fatty acids (FFA) levels were also increased, but more so than with heparin alone. Glucose and acetate did not play a role, nor did carnitine loss, and hemofiltration elicited similar effects. The rise in plasma FFA is therefore likely to be caused by other as yet unknown mechanism.

Neonatal hypoxic hyperlipidemia in the rat: effects on aldosterone and corticosterone synthesis in vitro

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (3) ◽  
pp. R663-R668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hershel Raff ◽  
Eric D. Bruder ◽  
Barbara M. Jankowski ◽  
Theodore L. Goodfriend
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Neonatal Rat ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Aldosterone Production ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
In Cells

Neonatal hypoxia increases aldosterone production and plasma lipids. Because fatty acids can inhibit aldosterone synthesis, we hypothesized that increases in plasma lipids restrain aldosteronogenesis in the hypoxic neonate. We exposed rats to 7 days of hypoxia from birth to 7 days of age (suckling) or from 28 to 35 days of age (weaned at day 21). Plasma was analyzed for lipid content, and steroidogenesis was studied in dispersed whole adrenal glands untreated and treated to wash away lipids. Hypoxia increased plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, and nonesterified fatty acids in the suckling neonatal rat only. Washing away lipids increased aldosterone production in cells from 7-day-old rats exposed to hypoxia, but not in cells from normoxic 7-day-old rats or from normoxic or hypoxic 35-day-old rats. Addition of oleic or linolenic acid to washed cells inhibited both aldosterone and corticosterone production, although cells from hypoxic 7-day-old rats were less sensitive. We conclude that hypoxia induces hyperlipidemia in the suckling neonate and that elevated nonesterified fatty acids inhibit aldosteronogenesis.

EFFECT OF ERUCIC ACID ON INCORPORATION OF ACETATE-1-C14 INTO CHOLESTEROL AND FATTY ACIDS

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 803-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Acetate Incorporation ◽  
Acid Incorporation ◽  
Liver Slices ◽  
Fatty Acid Incorporation

Young male rats were fed synthetic diets containing either no fat or various individual fatty acids for 3 to 4 weeks. They were then killed and the incorporation of acetate-1-C14 into cholesterol and fatty acids was measured in liver slices and in scrapings of intestinal mucosa. Acetate incorporation into cholesterol by liver slices was much greater in animals fed erucic acid than in those fed no fat, palmitic, stearic, oleic, or linoleic acids. A marked differential was not observed in fatty acid incorporation but values tended to be higher on the fat-free and erucic acid diets. Erucic acid did not stimulate acetate incorporation into cholesterol by mucosa and in general mucosa seemed to be less sensitive to changes in diet. The results are discussed in relation to previously observed effects of erucic acid on cholesterol metabolism.

GROWTH, CARDIOPATHOLOGY AND CARDIAC FATTY ACIDS OF SWINE FED DIETS CONTAINING SOYBEAN OIL OR LOW ERUCIC ACID RAPESEED OIL

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. FRIEND ◽  
J. K. G. KRAMER ◽  
F. D. SAUER ◽  
A. H. CORNER ◽  
K. M. CHARLTON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Myocardial Necrosis ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography

One hundred and eighty weaner pigs were allotted to five dietary treatments comprising a control with no added oil and the control with either soybean oil or rapeseed oil (Brassica campestris cv. Span) each at 10 and 20% of the diet. Postmortem examinations were conducted on equal numbers of boars and gilts at the beginning of the experiment, as initial controls, and after 1, 4 and 16 wk on the experimental diets. When fed for 1 to 4 wk, the higher level of both oils reduced (P < 0.05) body weight gain but from 4 to 16 wk, differences were not significant for any of the diets. Consumption of the control diet exceeded (P < 0.05) that of any other diet, but pigs fed the oil diets showed improved (P < 0.01) feed efficiency. Minute focal interstitial infiltrations of mononuclear cells were present in the myocardium of some pigs in each dietary treatment and also in the initial controls. Foci of overt myocardial necrosis were not seen. Oil red 0 stained sections revealed traces of myocardial fat accumulation which occurred more frequently in pigs fed the high oil diets. In a second experiment, 24 weaner boar pigs were fed the control and the 10% Span oil diets. Two pigs from each treatment were killed on each of days 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20. Total fat was extracted from the heart of each pig and methyl esters determined by gas–liquid chromatography. There was no significant (P = 0.05) difference in percent fat of dry matter between pigs fed the control and the 10% Span diet. The proportions of the major fatty acids were similar between diets. Erucic acid and linolenic acid were present in the cardiac lipid of all control pigs, but to a significantly (P < 0.01) lesser degree than for pigs fed the Span diet. The level of arachidonic acid, for both groups of pigs, declined (P < 0.05) progressively with the duration (days) of feeding.

scholarly journals The incorporation of linoleic acid into the plasma lipids of sheep given intraruminal infusions of maize oil or free linoleic acid

1969 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 709-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Noble ◽  
W. Steele ◽  
J. H Moore
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Cholesteryl Esters ◽  
Absorption Mechanism ◽  
Plasma Triglycerides ◽  
Direct Incorporation ◽  
Maize Oil ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

1. The fatty acid compositions of the plasma cholesteryl esters, phospholipids, triglycerides and unesterilied fatty acids were determined in two sheep at various times after they had been given intraruminal infusions of emulsions of maize oil or linoleic acid.2. The concentration of linoleic acid in the plasma triglycerides began to increase 3 h after infusion began. The infusions of maize oil and linoleic acid resulted in the appearance of peak concentrations of linoleic acid in the plasma triglycerides 6 and 12h respectively after infusion began.3. After the infusion of maize oil the plasma triglycerides showed an increasein theconcentration of stearic acid but after the infusion of linoleic acid the plasma triglycerides showed an increase in the concentration of oleic acid.4. The concentration of linoleic acid in the plasma phospholipids and cholesteryl esters did not begin to increase until 6–9 h and 24–25 h respectively after the infusions had begun.5. No evidence was found for an absorption mechanism which involved the direct incorporation of linoleic acid into the blood phospholipids or cholesteryl esters.

THE FATTY ACIDS OF HARE'S-EAR MUSTARD SEED OIL

1946 ◽  
Vol 24b (5) ◽  
pp. 211-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Y. Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Eicosenoic Acid ◽  
Mustard Seed ◽  
Seed Oils ◽  
Fatty Oil ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Fractionation Method

The fatty oil of hare's-ear mustard seed (Conringia orientalis L.) was examined. Constants of the oil were determined and a partial separation of the fatty acids was carried out by the methyl ester fractionation method. Palmitic, oleic, linoleic, eicosenoic, erucic, and lignoceric acids were identified. Erucic acid was found to be present in largest amount. The oil resembles rapeseed and other Cruciferae seed oils in this respect. The content of eicosenoic acid is estimated to be not more than 12% of the total fatty acids.

scholarly journals Factors affecting the polyunsaturated fatty acid content of the plasma lipids of sheep

1968 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Moore ◽  
R. C. Noble ◽  
W. Steele
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Cholesteryl Esters ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Plasma Triglycerides ◽  
Acid Ratio

1. In Expt 1, four adult wether sheep were given diets of hay or dried grass in an alternating sequence of feeding treatments. Each treatment period lasted for 20 days and blood samples were taken from the sheep on the last day of each period. When the diet of hay (linoleic: linolenic acid ratio 1.40) was replaced by one of dried grass (linoleic: linolenic acid ratio 0.28), there was an increase in the concentration of linolenic acid and a decrease in the concentration of linoleic acid in the plasma cholesteryl esters and phospholipids. There was an increase in the concentration of stearic acid and a decrease in the concentration of palmitic acid in the plasma triglycerides. Dietary change did not affect the composition of the plasma unesterified fatty acids.2. In Expt 2, two adult wether sheep, each with a rumen fistula, were given daily intraruminal infusions of 60 g of ‘linolenic’ or ‘linoleic’ acids (both about 70% pure) over a period of 5 days. The infusion treatments were then reversed. Blood samples were taken at the end of each infusion period. Intraruminal infusions of ‘linolenic’ acid increased the concentration of linolenic acid in the plasma cholesteryl esters and phospholipids and increased the concentration of stearic acid in the plasma triglycerides. The infusions of ‘linoleic’ acid increased the concentration of linoleic acid in the plasma cholesteryl esters and phospholipids. No appreciable changes were observed in the composition of the plasma unesterified fatty acids.

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