OXYGEN CONSUMPTION AND BLOOD FLOW IN THE SUBMAXILLARY GLAND OF THE DOG

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Godwin Terroux ◽  
P. Sekelj ◽  
A. S. V. Burgen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Submaxillary Gland ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Submaxillary Glands ◽  
Serial Samples ◽  
Saliva Flow ◽  
Extra Oxygen

The blood flow and oxygen consumption of the submaxillary glands of seven dogs were measured while the glands were at rest and during secretory activity. Serial samples of blood were delivered directly from blood vessels to the cell of a cuvette oximeter, so that during the course of an experiment changes in haemoglobin concentration and oxygen saturation of the blood issuing from the submaxillary vein could be followed. A. flowmeter connected with the salivary duct, and recording on a Sanborn Polyviso, gave a continuous record of the rate of saliva flow. The resting blood flow was 0.26 ± 0.11 ml/g min and the resting oxygen consumption, 27 ± 6 μl/g min. During activity there was an approximately linear relationship between the rate of saliva flow and the the extra oxygen consumption. There was poor correlation between oxygen consumption and blood flow. Atropine had little or no effect on resting glands, but depressed both the rate of saliva flow and the extra oxygen consumption associated with it, in doses which had no effect on the vasodilator response to stimulation.

OXYGEN CONSUMPTION AND BLOOD FLOW IN THE SUBMAXILLARY GLAND OF THE DOG

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Godwin Terroux ◽  
P. Sekelj ◽  
A. S. V. Burgen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Submaxillary Gland ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Submaxillary Glands ◽  
Serial Samples ◽  
Saliva Flow ◽  
Extra Oxygen

The blood flow and oxygen consumption of the submaxillary glands of seven dogs were measured while the glands were at rest and during secretory activity. Serial samples of blood were delivered directly from blood vessels to the cell of a cuvette oximeter, so that during the course of an experiment changes in haemoglobin concentration and oxygen saturation of the blood issuing from the submaxillary vein could be followed. A. flowmeter connected with the salivary duct, and recording on a Sanborn Polyviso, gave a continuous record of the rate of saliva flow. The resting blood flow was 0.26 ± 0.11 ml/g min and the resting oxygen consumption, 27 ± 6 μl/g min. During activity there was an approximately linear relationship between the rate of saliva flow and the the extra oxygen consumption. There was poor correlation between oxygen consumption and blood flow. Atropine had little or no effect on resting glands, but depressed both the rate of saliva flow and the extra oxygen consumption associated with it, in doses which had no effect on the vasodilator response to stimulation.

A CYTOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE ANTERIOR SUBMAXILLARY GLANDS OF THE FOWL, GALLUS DOMESTICUS

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. McCallion ◽  
H. E. Aitken
Keyword(s):  
Cytological Study ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Submaxillary Gland ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Strong Acid ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Mucous Cells ◽  
Submaxillary Glands ◽  
Tubular Gland ◽  
Mitotic Figures

A cytological study was made of the anterior submaxillary gland of the domestic chicken at 1 day, 4 days, and 10 months of age. This gland is one of a number of aggregates distributed throughout the mouth and along the oesophagus. It is a compound tubular gland, whose ducts open in several places under the tongue. The glandular epithelium is a single layer of tall prismatic mucous cells. There are no serous cells. Most of the cells are loaded with mucus and the nuclei are flattened at the bases of the cells. The cells present various stages of secretory activity. No mitotic figures were seen. Tests for alkaline phosphatase were negative, but there was strong acid phosphatase activity. Lipase activity was slight but present. The Golgi material is composed of rods and granules lying between the nucleus and the lumen of the gland.

Adrenal blood flow and secretory relationships during hypoxia in anesthetized dogs

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (5) ◽  
pp. H1458-H1465 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Breslow ◽  
T. D. Ball ◽  
C. F. Miller ◽  
H. Raff ◽  
R. J. Traystman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Catecholamine Secretion ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Vascular Effects ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Content ◽  
Anesthetized Dogs

To evaluate whether hypoxia-induced increases in adrenal cortical (CQ) and medullary (MQ) blood flow (radiolabeled microspheres) occur secondary to hypoxia-induced secretory activity, pentobarbital-anesthetized ventilated dogs were pretreated with dexamethasone (DEX) to prevent adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosteroid secretory changes or underwent unilateral adrenal denervation to prevent adrenal catecholamine secretory responses. In nonsurgically stressed dogs, DEX completely prevented increases in ACTH or corticosteroid levels during reduction of arterial oxygen content to 8 vol% but had no effect on hypoxia-induced doubling of CQ. In dogs in which adrenal oxygen consumption (VO2) was measured, DEX reduced VO2 by 50% without altering CQ. Unilateral adrenal denervation prevented hypoxia-induced increases in adrenal catecholamine secretion and MQ but had no effect on the CQ response. These results suggest that hypoxia-induced medullary vasodilation is associated with adrenal catecholamine secretory activity but that increases in CQ occur independent of secretory activity and likely represent direct vascular effects of hypoxia.

Canine salivary secretion from the submaxillary glands before and during retching

1994 ◽  
Vol 267 (5) ◽  
pp. G810-G817 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Furukawa ◽  
H. Okada
Keyword(s):  
Submaxillary Gland ◽  
Salivary Secretion ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Gastric Distension ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Parasympathetic Nerve ◽  
Submaxillary Glands ◽  
Excitatory Responses ◽  
Saliva Flow ◽  
Different Sources

To investigate the changes in salivary secretion associated with emesis, salivary secretion from the submaxillary gland and centrifugal discharge from the parasympathetic postganglionic nerve fibers from the submandibular ganglion were measured after emetic stimulation in chloralose-anesthetized and paralyzed dogs. In the basal condition, saliva flow and the basal frequencies of single unit discharges from the parasympathetic nerve were very low. Esophageal and gastric distension and lingual nerve afferent stimulation generally increased salivary secretion and nerve activity. Administration of apomorphine (0.2-0.3 mg/kg im) or intragastric infusion of copper sulfate (10%, 50 ml) elicited an excitation of parasympathetic nerve activity, and salivary secretion was facilitated in parallel to this nerve activity. The excitatory responses induced by emetic stimulation were suddenly depressed in correspondence with retching activities. This depression in nerve activity appeared 200-400 ms after the beginning of retching volleys of the phrenic nerve and continued during retching. These results indicate that the salivary center receives excitatory and inhibitory inputs from two different sources before and during retching activities, respectively.

alpha-Adrenergic control of oxygen delivery to myocardium during exercise in conscious dogs

1982 ◽  
Vol 242 (5) ◽  
pp. H805-H809 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Heyndrickx ◽  
P. Muylaert ◽  
J. L. Pannier
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Coronary Blood Flow ◽  
Coronary Sinus ◽  
Oxygen Delivery ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Conscious Dogs ◽  
Adrenergic Blockade ◽  
Adrenergic Control

alpha-Adrenergic control of the oxygen delivery to the myocardium during exercise was investigated in eight conscious dogs instrumented for chronic measurements of coronary blood flow, left ventricular (LV) pressure, aortic blood pressure, and heart rate and sampling of arterial and coronary sinus blood. After alpha-adrenergic receptor blockade a standard exercise load elicited a significantly greater increase in heart rate, rate of change of LV pressure (LV dP/dt), LV dP/dt/P, and coronary blood flow than was elicited in the unblocked state. In contrast to the response pattern during control exercise, there was no significant change in coronary sinus oxygen tension (PO2), myocardial arteriovenous oxygen difference, and myocardial oxygen delivery-to-oxygen consumption ratio. It is concluded that the normal relationship between myocardial oxygen supply and oxygen demand is modified during exercise after alpha-adrenergic blockade, whereby oxygen delivery is better matched to oxygen consumption. These results indicate that the increase in coronary blood flow and oxygen delivery to the myocardium during normal exercise is limited by alpha-adrenergic vasoconstriction.

Effects of nicotine on canine intestinal blood flow and oxygen consumption

1984 ◽  
Vol 246 (2) ◽  
pp. G195-G203
Author(s):  
R. H. Gallavan ◽  
Y. Tsuchiya ◽  
E. D. Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Muscle Tension ◽  
Intestinal Blood Flow ◽  
Mesenteric Blood Flow ◽  
State Response ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Intestinal Circulation

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of nicotine on intestinal blood flow and oxygen consumption. The intravenous infusion of nicotine at doses corresponding to those experienced by smokers produced a transient increase in systemic arterial blood pressure and mesenteric blood flow. Subsequently a steady-state response developed that consisted of a reduction in mesenteric blood flow due to both a decrease in blood pressure and an increase in intestinal vascular resistance. This increase in resistance was probably due to increased levels of circulating catecholamines. The intra-arterial infusion of nicotine into the intestinal circulation at doses experienced by the average smoker had no effect on either intestinal blood flow or oxygen consumption. Similarly, under in vitro conditions nicotine had no direct effect on intestinal vascular smooth muscle tension. Thus, nicotine appears to reduce intestinal blood flow indirectly as a result of its systemic effects.

EFFECTS OF HYPEROXEMIA ON MYOCARDIAL BLOOD FLOW AND OXYGEN CONSUMPTION IN AN ISOLATED RABBIT HEART

1988 ◽  
Vol 69 (3A) ◽  
pp. A216-A216 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Baron ◽  
E. Vicaut ◽  
X. HOU ◽  
P. Vlars ◽  
M. Duvelleroy
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Myocardial Blood Flow ◽  
Rabbit Heart ◽  
Isolated Rabbit Heart

Metabolic responses of the whole body, portal-drained viscera and hindquarter to adrenaline infusion: Effects of nonselective and selective β-adrenoceptor blockade

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. O. O. Miaron ◽  
R. J. Christopherson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Portal Vein ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
External Iliac Artery ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Organ Blood Flow ◽  
Β Blocker ◽  
Β Blockers

Propranolol, a nonselective β-blocker and selective β-blockers (metoprolol a β1-blocker and ICI 118551 a β2-blocker) were used to investigate the β-adrenoceptor-mediated adrenaline-induced increase in whole-body and organ VO2 in five whether sheep. Transit time blood flow probes were chronically implanted on the portal vein and the external iliac artery and sampling catheters were placed in the mesenteric artery, iliac vein and portal vein. Oxygen consumption by the whole body was measured by open circuit calorimetry, and oxygen consumption by the portal-drained viscera and the hindquarter was determined from A-VO2 differences and organ blood flow. Absolute pre-infusion VO2 values for the whole body, portal-drained viscera and hindquarters were 236 ± 7.4, 61 ± 6.0 and 13 ± 3.1 mL min−1 respectively. The mean changes in VO2 in response to infusion were 74 vs. 11, 26, 10 and 12 mL min−1 (SE = 9.1) for whole body; 31 vs. −2, −15, 13 and −4 mL min−1 (SE = 7.3) for portal-drained viscera and 8 vs. −0.4, 2.1, 1.0 and −2.7 mL min−1; SE = 4.3) for hindquarters during adrenaline, control, propranolol, metoprolol and ICI 118551 treatments, respectively. Adrenaline increased VO2 (P < 0.05) in the whole body and portal-drained viscera, but not hindquarters relative to controls. All β-blockers suppressed (P < 0.05) the adrenaline-induced increase in VO2 except for the portal-drained viscera where metoprolol was less effective and the hindquarters where β-blockers had no effect. The blood flow pattern was similar to VO2 responses for the portal-drained viscera. The nonselective β1 and β2 blockers were effective in reducing the adrenaline-induced increases in blood flow from the portal-drained viscera and to the hindquarters, with more pronounced β-adrenoceptor-mediated haemodynamic effects. The results indicate that the β-adrenoceptor system modulates whole body VO2, clearly establishes that adrenaline induces an increased VO2 in portal-drained viscera which can be reversed by a β2 or nonselective β blocker and implicates β adrenoceptors as an influencing factor in the maintenance energy requirements of ruminants. Key words: Calorimetry, adrenaline, β blockers, blood flow, sheep

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document