THE EFFECT OF MUSCULAR EXERCISE ON PLASMA SODIUM AND POTASSIUM IN THE RAT

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 333-338
Author(s):  
F. A. Sréter ◽  
Sydney M. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Preliminary Training ◽  
Plasma Sodium Concentration ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Response To Exercise ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

After running a distance of 100 meters in 7 minutes, untrained rats showed a rise in plasma potassium and a fall in plasma sodium as measured in tail vein samples. These changes are in accord with in vitro observations of the effects of exercise on isolated muscle preparations and similarly are taken to indicate a gain of sodium and a loss of potassium by the exercised muscles in the whole animal. Within 10 minutes of completion of the exercise, plasma sodium concentration was restored to normal while potassium was restored within 20 minutes. Exercise was accompanied by a fall in haematocrit, which remained low for up to 40 minutes. A period of 2 months of preliminary training modified the response to exercise. In these trained animals, a fall in sodium concentration occurred as before but the rise in potassium concentration was less in degree and the haematocrit did not change. It is suggested that the rate of increase of plasma potassium is an index of muscle efficiency while the height of plasma potassium is correlated with the fatigue limit of exercise.

THE EFFECT OF MUSCULAR EXERCISE ON PLASMA SODIUM AND POTASSIUM IN THE RAT

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Sréter ◽  
Sydney M. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Preliminary Training ◽  
Plasma Sodium Concentration ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Response To Exercise ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

After running a distance of 100 meters in 7 minutes, untrained rats showed a rise in plasma potassium and a fall in plasma sodium as measured in tail vein samples. These changes are in accord with in vitro observations of the effects of exercise on isolated muscle preparations and similarly are taken to indicate a gain of sodium and a loss of potassium by the exercised muscles in the whole animal. Within 10 minutes of completion of the exercise, plasma sodium concentration was restored to normal while potassium was restored within 20 minutes. Exercise was accompanied by a fall in haematocrit, which remained low for up to 40 minutes. A period of 2 months of preliminary training modified the response to exercise. In these trained animals, a fall in sodium concentration occurred as before but the rise in potassium concentration was less in degree and the haematocrit did not change. It is suggested that the rate of increase of plasma potassium is an index of muscle efficiency while the height of plasma potassium is correlated with the fatigue limit of exercise.

scholarly journals Plasma and Electrolyte Changes in Exercising Humans After Ingestion of Multiple Boluses of Pickle Juice

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. McKenney ◽  
Kevin C. Miller ◽  
James E. Deal ◽  
Julie A. Garden-Robinson ◽  
Yeong S. Rhee
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Blood Sample ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Plasma Sodium Concentration

Context: Twenty-five percent of athletic trainers administer pickle juice (PJ) to treat cramping. Anecdotally, some clinicians provide multiple boluses of PJ during exercise but warn that repeated ingestion of PJ may cause hyperkalemia. To our knowledge, no researchers have examined the effect of ingesting multiple boluses of PJ on the same day or the effect of ingestion during exercise. Objective: To determine the short-term effects of ingesting a single bolus or multiple boluses of PJ on plasma variables and to characterize changes in plasma variables when individuals ingest PJ and resume exercise. Design: Crossover study. Setting: Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Nine euhydrated men (age = 23 ± 4 years, height = 180.9 ± 5.8 cm, mass = 80.7 ± 13.8 kg, urine specific gravity = 1.009 ± 0.005). Intervention(s): On 3 days, participants rested for 30 minutes, and then a blood sample was collected. Participants ingested 0 or 1 bolus (1 mL·kg−1 body weight) of PJ, donned sweat suits, biked vigorously for 30 minutes (approximate temperature = 37°C, relative humidity = 18%), and had a blood sample collected. They either rested for 60 seconds (0- and 1-bolus conditions) or ingested a second 1 mL·kg−1 body weight bolus of PJ (2-bolus condition). They resumed exercise for another 35 minutes. A third blood sample was collected, and they exited the environmental chamber and rested for 60 minutes (approximate temperature = 21°C, relative humidity = 18%). Blood samples were collected at 30 and 60 minutes postexercise. Main Outcome Measure(s): Plasma sodium concentration, plasma potassium concentration, plasma osmolality, and changes in plasma volume. Results: The number of PJ boluses ingested did not affect plasma sodium concentration, plasma potassium concentration, plasma osmolality, or changes in plasma volume over time. The plasma sodium concentration, plasma potassium concentration, and plasma osmolality did not exceed 144.6 mEq·L−1 (144.6 mmol·L−1), 4.98 mEq·L−1 (4.98 mmol·L−1), and 289.5 mOsm·kg−1H2O, respectively, in any condition at any time. Conclusions: Ingesting up to 2 boluses of PJ and resuming exercise caused negligible changes in blood variables. Ingesting up to 2 boluses of PJ did not increase plasma sodium concentration or cause hyperkalemia.

Response of the renin-aldosterone system in the camel to acute dehydration

1978 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 926-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Finberg ◽  
R. Yagil ◽  
G. M. Berlyne
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Water Reabsorption ◽  
Renin Substrate ◽  
Plasma Sodium Concentration

Plasma renin activity (PRA), renin substrate concentration (PRS), aldosterone concentration (PA), and cortisol levels were determined in five camels during dehydration (8–10 days complete denial of water) and at timed intervals after rapid rehydration in cool spring and hot summer weather. Plasma sodium concentration increased from 138 +/- 3.7 to 147 +/- 2.5 (mean +/- SE) meq/l during spring dehydration, and from 146 +/- 1.3 to 157 +/- 1.14 meq/l during dehydration in the summer. Plasma sodium concentration returned to control levels over the course of several hours following rapid rehydration. Only minor changes in plasma potassium concentration occurred. The hormonal changes were accentuated in the summer dehydration. PRA increased slightly on dehydration, and returned to control levels over the course of several hours following rehydration. PA increased slightly on dehydration but was markedly elevated 24 h after rehydration. PRS showed a slight increase following rehydration in the spring experiment, but no significant change in the summer experiment. Changes in cortisol were insignificant. The results are consistent with a role for angiotensin and aldosterone in enhancing sodium and water reabsorption from kidney and large intestine on dehydration in this species.

Effectiveness of the aldosterone-sodium and -potassium feedback control system

1976 ◽  
Vol 231 (3) ◽  
pp. 945-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
DB Young ◽  
RE McCaa ◽  
UJ Pan ◽  
AC Guyton
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Control ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
The Body ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Aldosterone Secretion

This study was conducted to determine the quantitative importance of the aldosterone feedback mechanism in controlling each one of three major factors that have often been associated with aldosterone, namely, extracellular fluid sodium concentration, extracellular fluid potassium concentration, and extracellular fluid volume. To do this, the ability of the body to control these three factors in the face of marked changes in daily sodium or potassium intake was studied under two conditions: 1) in the normal dog, and 2) in the dog in which the aldosterone feedback mechanism was prevented from functioning by removing the adrenal glands and then providing a continuous fixed level of supportive aldosterone and glucocorticoids during the low and high electrolyte intake periods. Under these conditions, removal of feedback control of aldosterone secretion decreased the effectiveness of plasma potassium control by nearly fivefold (39% vs. 8% change in plasma potassium concentration), fluid volume by sixfold (12% vs. 2% change in sodium space) and had no effect on control of plasma sodium concentration (2% change with and without feedback control of aldosterone secretion.)

RENAL CLEARANCE OF SODIUM AND POTASSIUM IN HYPOTHERMIA

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Kanter
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Respiration ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Sodium Pentobarbital ◽  
Clearance Ratio ◽  
Control Value ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

The handling of sodium and potassium by the renal tubules at various levels of hypothermia was studied. Fourteen dogs were anesthetized with 30 mg/kg sodium pentobarbital. After suitable control clearance measurements, the rectal temperature was lowered progressively by ice-packing to about 25 °C while renal clearances were continuously measured. Artificial respiration was not used. No change in plasma sodium was detected but plasma potassium fell significantly from a control value of 4.1 ± 0.09 meq/1. at 38 °C to 3.4 ± 0.12 meq/1. at 25 °C. Urine sodium concentration fell during exposure to cold while potassium concentration increased slightly. In spite of the marked fall in glomerular nitration rate (69.0 ± 3.1 ml/minute control to 17.0 ± 3.6 ml/minute at 25 °C) the final urine flow at 25 °C was slightly greater than that of control. The clearance ratios (in percentage) increased significantly, reflecting the marked decrease in tubular reabsorption: water, 0.49 ± 0.05 at 38 °C to 2.02 ± 0.25 at 25 °C; sodium, 0.47 ± 0.12 to 1.13 ± 0.27; potassium, 18.0 ± 2.6 to 54.0 ± 12.0. The difference in clearance ratio alterations is a reflection of the dissimilar effect of hypothermia on particular renal regulations.

Cation content of salt gland secretion and tears in the brolga, Grus rubicundus (Perry) (Aves : Gruidae)

1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 515 ◽  
Author(s):  
MR Hughes ◽  
JG Blackman
Keyword(s):  
Salt Gland ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Gland Secretion ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
First Report ◽  
Gland Size ◽  
Cation Content ◽  
Salt Gland Secretion ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

This is the first report of salt gland secretion in cranes (Gruidae). The sodium and potassium concentrations of the plasma, tears, salt gland secretion, and urine of the brolga were determined. Tear sodium was equal to plasma sodium; tear plasma was four times as concentrated as plasma potassium. These values were normal for tears. The salt gland secretion sodium concentration (about 300 m-equivll) was lower than that reported for other NaC1-injected birds. This may be due to the diet, small gland size, or to insufficient stress. The salt gland secretion to plasma ratios were the same for sodium and potassium. This is unusual. The urine had a lower sodium concentration than the plasma.

Direct Effects of Adrenal Cortical Steroids on the Electrolyte Content of Rabbit Leucocytes

1957 ◽  
Vol 190 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Laurence Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Intracellular Sodium ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Absolute Change ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Intracellular Potassium Concentration ◽  
Reciprocal Change

Viable rabbit leucocytes have been obtained in quantities sufficient to permit direct chemical analyses of intracellular sodium and potassium concentrations. Treatment in vitro either with cortisone (10 or 20 mg/l.) or with desoxycorticosterone glycoside (10–80 mg/l.) led to a fall in intracellular potassium concentration and a reciprocal rise in intracellular sodium. There was an associated rise in intracellular water. After cortisone, the absolute change in sodium concentration slightly exceeded the reciprocal change in potassium; after desoxycorticosterone glycoside, the reverse was true.

scholarly journals Electrolyte and Plasma Changes After Ingestion of Pickle Juice, Water, and a Common Carbohydrate-Electrolyte Solution

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 454-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin C. Miller ◽  
Gary Mack ◽  
Kenneth L. Knight
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Magnesium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Plasma Sodium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Calcium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Magnesium

Abstract Context: Health care professionals advocate that athletes who are susceptible to exercise-associated muscle cramps (EAMCs) should moderately increase their fluid and electrolyte intake by drinking sport drinks. Some clinicians have also claimed drinking small volumes of pickle juice effectively relieves acute EAMCs, often alleviating them within 35 seconds. Others fear ingesting pickle juice will enhance dehydration-induced hypertonicity, thereby prolonging dehydration. Objective: To determine if ingesting small quantities of pickle juice, a carbohydrate-electrolyte (CHO-e) drink, or water increases plasma electrolytes or other selected plasma variables. Design: Crossover study. Setting: Exercise physiology laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Nine euhydrated, healthy men (age  =  25 ± 2 years, height  =  179.4 ± 7.2 cm, mass  =  86.3 ± 15.9 kg) completed the study. Intervention(s): Resting blood samples were collected preingestion (−0.5 minutes); immediately postingestion (0 minutes); and at 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 45, and 60 minutes postingestion of 1 mL/kg body mass of pickle juice, CHO-e drink, or tap water. Main Outcome Measure(s): Plasma sodium concentration, plasma magnesium concentration, plasma calcium concentration, plasma potassium concentration, plasma osmolality, and changes in plasma volume were analyzed. Urine specific gravity, osmolality, and volume were also measured to characterize hydration status. Results: Mean fluid intake was 86.3 ± 16.7 mL. Plasma sodium concentration, plasma magnesium concentration, plasma calcium concentration, plasma osmolality, and plasma volume did not change during the 60 minutes after ingestion of each fluid (P ≥ .05). Water ingestion slightly decreased plasma potassium concentration at 60 minutes (0.21 ± 0.14 mg/dL [0.21 ± 0.14 mmol/L]; P ≤ .05). Conclusions: At these volumes, ingestion of pickle juice and CHO-e drink did not cause substantial changes in plasma electrolyte concentrations, plasma osmolality, or plasma volume in rested, euhydrated men. Concern that ingesting these volumes of pickle juice might exacerbate an athlete's risk of dehydration-induced hypertonicity may be unwarranted. If EAMCs are caused by large electrolyte loss due to sweating, these volumes of pickle juice or CHO-e drink are unlikely to restore any deficit incurred by exercise.

RENAL CLEARANCE OF SODIUM AND POTASSIUM IN HYPOTHERMIA

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Kanter
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Respiration ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Sodium Pentobarbital ◽  
Clearance Ratio ◽  
Control Value ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

The handling of sodium and potassium by the renal tubules at various levels of hypothermia was studied. Fourteen dogs were anesthetized with 30 mg/kg sodium pentobarbital. After suitable control clearance measurements, the rectal temperature was lowered progressively by ice-packing to about 25 °C while renal clearances were continuously measured. Artificial respiration was not used. No change in plasma sodium was detected but plasma potassium fell significantly from a control value of 4.1 ± 0.09 meq/1. at 38 °C to 3.4 ± 0.12 meq/1. at 25 °C. Urine sodium concentration fell during exposure to cold while potassium concentration increased slightly. In spite of the marked fall in glomerular nitration rate (69.0 ± 3.1 ml/minute control to 17.0 ± 3.6 ml/minute at 25 °C) the final urine flow at 25 °C was slightly greater than that of control. The clearance ratios (in percentage) increased significantly, reflecting the marked decrease in tubular reabsorption: water, 0.49 ± 0.05 at 38 °C to 2.02 ± 0.25 at 25 °C; sodium, 0.47 ± 0.12 to 1.13 ± 0.27; potassium, 18.0 ± 2.6 to 54.0 ± 12.0. The difference in clearance ratio alterations is a reflection of the dissimilar effect of hypothermia on particular renal regulations.

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