THE INTERRELATION OF THE GROWTH AND METABOLIC RESPONSES TO ANTERIOR PITUITARY GROWTH HORMONE ADMINISTRATION

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1113-1118
Author(s):  
George H. Beaton ◽  
Hannah Z. Banky ◽  
Audrey M. Haufschild
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Weight Increase ◽  
Metabolic Alterations ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Body Weight Increase

Doses of growth hormone which were minimal with respect to body weight increase were sufficient to produce significant alterations in liver alanine – glutamic transaminase and arginase activities and blood urea and amino nitrogen levels. The biochemical effects of the hormone appeared coincident with the body weight increase. Female rats showed a more pronounced response to growth hormone than did male rats. This sex difference was evident with respect to all of the metabolic alterations observed. Although it is not possible to state whether the metabolic alterations are direct effects of the hormone, they do take an integral part in bringing about the over-all biological effect.

THE INTERRELATION OF THE GROWTH AND METABOLIC RESPONSES TO ANTERIOR PITUITARY GROWTH HORMONE ADMINISTRATION

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 1113-1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
George H. Beaton ◽  
Hannah Z. Banky ◽  
Audrey M. Haufschild
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Weight Increase ◽  
Metabolic Alterations ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Body Weight Increase

Doses of growth hormone which were minimal with respect to body weight increase were sufficient to produce significant alterations in liver alanine – glutamic transaminase and arginase activities and blood urea and amino nitrogen levels. The biochemical effects of the hormone appeared coincident with the body weight increase. Female rats showed a more pronounced response to growth hormone than did male rats. This sex difference was evident with respect to all of the metabolic alterations observed. Although it is not possible to state whether the metabolic alterations are direct effects of the hormone, they do take an integral part in bringing about the over-all biological effect.

Renaturalizing the sexually dimorphic profiles of circulating growth hormone in hypophysectomized rats

1991 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisar A. Pampori ◽  
Arun K. Agrawal ◽  
Bernard H. Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Plasma Growth Hormone ◽  
Indwelling Catheter ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats

Abstract. Hypophysectomy resulted in a total elimination of measurable circulating growth hormone with an associated loss of body weight gain. The typical sexually dimorphic plasma growth hormone patterns: pulsatile profiles in male rats and tonic-like secretion in female rats, were lost. The male- and female-dependent profiles of plasma growth hormone, monitored from serial blood collections, were restored by administering the hormone through a single electrically controlled external pump attached to an indwelling catheter, and by implanting osmotic pumps intraperitoneally, respectively. Restoring the natural patterns of plasma growth hormone in animals devoid of pituitaries, re-initiated body growth. However, the body weight gains in both sexes of hypophysectomized rats were much greater when rat growth hormone was introduced to the animals in a masculine (pulsatile) pattern that appeared to be independent of pulse frequency, rather than in a continuous feminine profile. Subcutaneous injections, the most commonly reported method of administration, produced low-amplitude, long-lasting plasma peaks that were not as effective as pulse infusion in restoring growth. The procedure allows manipulation of the hormone profile (i.e. number of pulses/day, pulse amplitude, and through duration in the pulsatile pattern, and plasma concentration in the tonic pattern) in order to identify, and thus study the presumed salient components of the pattern regulating growth hormone responses.

scholarly journals Lifestyle Changes and Determinants of Children’s and Adolescents’ Body Weight Increase during the First COVID-19 Lockdown in Greece: The COV-EAT Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 930
Author(s):  
Odysseas Androutsos ◽  
Maria Perperidi ◽  
Christos Georgiou ◽  
Giorgos Chouliaras
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Weight Increase ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviors ◽  
Lifestyle Habits ◽  
Body Weight Increase

Previous studies showed that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown imposed changes in adults’ lifestyle behaviors; however, there is limited information regarding the effects on youth. The COV-EAT study aimed to report changes in children’s and adolescents’ lifestyle habits during the first COVID-19 lockdown and explore potential associations between changes of participants’ lifestyle behaviors and body weight. An online survey among 397 children/adolescents and their parents across 63 municipalities in Greece was conducted in April–May 2020. Parents self-reported changes of their children’s lifestyle habits and body weight, as well as sociodemographic data of their family. The present study shows that during the lockdown, children’s/adolescents’ sleep duration and screen time increased, while their physical activity decreased. Their consumption of fruits and fresh fruit juices, vegetables, dairy products, pasta, sweets, total snacks, and breakfast increased, while fast-food consumption decreased. Body weight increased in 35% of children/adolescents. A multiple regression analysis showed that the body weight increase was associated with increased consumption of breakfast, salty snacks, and total snacks and with decreased physical activity. The COV-EAT study revealed changes in children’s and adolescents’ lifestyle behaviors during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Greece. Effective strategies are needed to prevent excessive body weight gain in future COVID-19 lockdowns.

Acute and sub-chronic toxicity of the aqueous extract of Ficus vogelii (Miq.) Miq. stem bark in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
EL Lappa ◽  
◽  
C Bogning Zangueu ◽  
EL Nguemfo ◽  
JJ Kojom Wanche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats

Ficus vogelii is a medicinal plant mainly found in tropical Africa and reported to treat inflammatory complaints. This study aims to evaluate the acute and sub-chronic toxicity of the aqueous extract of Ficus vogelii stem bark in wistar rats. For acute study, aqueous extract at a single dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight was administered to female rats and observed for 14 days. In the sub-chronic study, the extract was administered daily to both sex rats at the doses of 100, 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg body weight for 28 consecutive days. Body weight was measured weekly, while hematological, biochemical, and histopathological parameters were analyzed after euthanize. Aqueous extract of Ficus vogelii at all tested doses didn’t produced any mortality or significant change on the body weight and relative weight of rats on acute and sub-chronic studies. The lethal dose 50 was estimated greater than 5000 mg/kg (DL50˃5000 mg/kg). Hematological parameters were recorded non-significant in all treated rats. Aqueous extract at 600 mg/kg significantly changed transaminases and alkaline phosphatase activities, these changes were reversible in satellites. The concentrations of bilirubin was increased at 200 and 600 mg/kg in male rats, at 100, 400 mg/kg in female rats. The levels of lipids markers didn’t changed, except the significant decrease of LDL-cholesterol. Histological examination didn’t showed any change in the architecture of the liver and kidney of rats treated compared to control. Thus aqueous extract of Ficus vogelii stem bark didn’t produced adverse effects in rats after oral acute and sub-chronic treatment.

scholarly journals Positive and Negative Changes in Food Habits, Physical Activity Patterns, and Weight Status during COVID-19 Confinement: Associated Factors in the Chilean Population

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 5431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Reyes-Olavarría ◽  
Pedro Ángel Latorre-Román ◽  
Iris Paola Guzmán-Guzmán ◽  
Daniel Jerez-Mayorga ◽  
Felipe Caamaño-Navarrete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Weight Increase ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Body Weight Increase ◽  
Active Breaks

The association between the changes in lifestyle during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) confinement and body weight have not been studied deeply. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine lifestyle changes, such as eating habits and physical activity (PA) patterns, caused by confinement during the COVID-19 pandemic and to analyze its association with changes in body weight. Seven hundred participants (women, n = 528 and men, n = 172) aged between 18–62 years old of the Chilean national territory participated in the study. Food habits, PA, body weight, and sociodemographic variables were measured through a survey in May and June 2020. The body weight increase presented positive association with the consumption of fried foods ≥ 3 times per week (OR; 3.36, p < 0.001), low water consumption (OR; 1.58, p = 0.03), and sedentary time ≥6 h/day (OR; 1.85, p = 0.01). Conversely, fish consumed (OR; 0.67, p = 0.03), active breaks (OR; 0.72, p = 0.04), and PA ≥ 4 times per week (OR; 0.51, p = 0.001) presented an inverse association with body weight increase. Daily alcohol consumption (OR; 4.77, p = 0.003) was associated with PA decrease. Food habits, PA, and active breaks may be protective factors for weight increase during COVID-19 confinement.

scholarly journals Recombinant human growth hormone enhances tibial growth in peripubertal female rats but not in males

2000 ◽  
pp. 517-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Rol De Lama ◽  
A Perez-Romero ◽  
JA Tresguerres ◽  
M Hermanussen ◽  
C Ariznavarreta
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Gh Treatment ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Growth Promoting

OBJECTIVE: A novel non-invasive technique termed microknemometry, which allows daily leg length measurement, was used to investigate the growth promoting effect of growth hormone (GH) on peripubertal rats. We compared the effect of different patterns of recombinant human (rh) GH administration to peripubertal male rats with the effect produced by two daily administrations of the same amount of rhGH to peripubertal female rats or adult male rats. Another group of peripubertal male rats was also submitted to a 3-day period of starvation, in order to study catch-up growth during refeeding and to determine whether this process could be stimulated by exogenous GH administration. RESULTS: GH treatment was unable to stimulate tibial growth or weight gain in peripubertal males, whereas a clear growth promoting effect was observed in female rats and also in adult male rats. Starvation caused a dramatic body weight loss, and a reduction in tibial growth rate. Peripubertal male rats gained body weight faster than unstarved animals during refeeding, although recovery was not complete after nine days. Tibial growth, however, was resumed at the same speed as in normally fed males. This means that no catch-up effect was observed after refeeding in animals either with or without GH treatment. CONCLUSIONS: During peripuberty, normal male rats grow at a maximal speed that cannot be further increased by exogenous GH treatment, whereas age-matched female rats or older males grow at a slower rate than peripubertal males. Thus, exogenous rhGH administration is capable of enhancing growth velocity.

scholarly journals La ingesta de stevia modifica la dinámica del peso corporal, la glucosa y el colesterol en ratas hembras: Algoritmo k-NNs

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-151
Author(s):  
María del Rocío Padilla Galindo ◽  
Alma Gabriela Martínez Moreno ◽  
Fatima Ezzahra Housni ◽  
Zyanya Reyes Castillo ◽  
Erika Saenz-Pardo Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Predictive Analysis ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Glucose Levels

El consumo de stevia ha sido promovido por su bajo aporte calórico, su efecto antidiabético y antihipercolesterolémico. Sin embargo, los efectos de la ingesta de stevia parecen no ser los mismos para las ratas hembras respecto de los machos. El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la ingesta de stevia sobre el consumo de alimento, peso corporal y niveles de glucosa, insulina, colesterol y triglicéridos en ratas hembras Wistar durante 13 semanas y realizar un análisis predictivo del peso corporal y la ingesta de alimento a 20 semanas. Se utilizaron 20 ratas hembras adultas, que se dividieron en 2 grupos: control (CG) y stevia (SG), ambos grupos recibieron agua y comida a libre acceso, así como una solución de stevia al 0,2 % para el grupo SG. Se registró diariamente el consumo de alimento, agua y solución de stevia; la medición del peso corporal se realizó semanalmente. Al final de las 13 semanas de experimentación, los animales se sacrificaron para evaluar los parámetros metabolicos. El grupo SG mostró un mayor consumo de alimento, mayor proporción de ganancia de peso corporal, niveles de glucosa y colesterol que el grupo CG. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en los niveles de triglicéridos e insulina. Respecto al análisis predictivo (semanas 14-20), se mantiene un incremento significativo en el consumo de alimento y se observa una tendencia de aumento en la proporción de ganancia de peso corporal. Esto indica que el consumo de stevia en ratas hembras parece no tener los mismos efectos benéficos reportados en machos. Consumption of stevia has been promoted due to its low caloric intake, it’s effects as anti-diabetic and anti-hypercholesterolemic. However, the effects of stevia consumption is apparently not the same in females than males. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of stevia intake on meal consumption, body weight and levels of glucose, insulin, cholesterol and triglycerides in female Wistar rats during 13 weeks and develop a predictive analysis of the body weight and meal intake over 20 weeks. 20 adult female rats were utilized, these were divided into two groups: control (CG) and stevia (SG), both groups received free access to water and food, the SG also received a stevia solution at 0.2%. Consumption of food, water and stevia solution was recorded daily, while weight was recorded weekly. At the end of the 13 weeks of experiment, the subjects were sacrificed to evaluate the metabolic parameters. The SG group showed a higher consumption of food, higher proportion of body weight gain, glucose levels and cholesterol than the CG. No significant differences were found in levels of triglyceride or insulin. Respect to the predictive analysis (weeks 14-20), a significant increase in food consumption is maintained and an increasing trend is observed in the proportion of body weight gain. This indicates that stevia consumption appears not to have the same benefit effects in female rats than male rats.

Effects of restricted maternal contact in neonatal rats on sexual behaviour in the adult

1985 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Forsberg ◽  
K. Abrahamsson ◽  
P. Södersten ◽  
P. Eneroth
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Repeated Testing ◽  
Nutritional Deprivation ◽  
Essentially Normal

ABSTRACT Rats, deprived of maternal contact and nutrition every alternate day starting on day 5 of life, attained a body weight at 45 days of age which was 50% of that of rats which had free access to maternal contact and nutrition. After 55 days of unrestricted food availability the body weight of the neonatally deprived rats was approximately 15% lower than that of the controls. Malnourished female rats showed normal behavioural oestrous cycles and became pregnant and lactated normally as young adults. After ovariectomy they showed higher lordosis quotients in response to treatment with oestradiol benzoate and progesterone than controls but lost less body weight in response to treatment with oestradiol-filled constant-release implants. Malnourished male rats ejaculated less frequently than controls in tests with sexually receptive female rats but this difference disappeared with repeated testing. The malnourished males showed longer ejaculation latencies and had somewhat higher serum concentrations of LH than controls after castration and treatment with testosterone-filled constant-release implants which reduced serum androgen concentrations to about 30% of the intact level. The results show that rats are capable of sustaining a rather severe neonatal nutritional deprivation without losing the capacity for essentially normal mating behaviour in adulthood. J. Endocr. (1985) 104, 427–431

Mechanism of the body weight increase induced by systemic sulpiride

1989 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Aurelio Parada ◽  
Luis Hernandez ◽  
Ximena Paez ◽  
Trino Baptista ◽  
Marina Puig de Parada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Weight Increase ◽  
Body Weight Increase
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