THE EFFECT OF NORADRENALINE ON THE SURVIVAL OF RATS SUBJECTED TO HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Lansing ◽  
J. A. F. Stevenson ◽  
C. W. Gowdey
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Hemorrhagic Shock ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Chi Square Test

Reports of the efficacy of l-noradrenaline in the treatment of clinical shock stimulated an investigation of its effect in controlled hemorrhagic hypotension. Seventy-three 350-g. male Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to a standardized hemorrhagic shock procedure. Of 15 control animals that received no treatment, only one survived for 48 hours; none survived of the five controls that received a constant intravenous infusion, after the shock procedure, of 5% glucose in distilled water until death or for 36 hours. The treated animals received, after the shock procedure, an infusion of l-noradrenaline (0.5–2.0 μg./min.) in 5% glucose in distilled water. The survival rates for the treated animals were: treatment for 1 hour, 1/8; treatment for 4 hours, 4/15; treatment until death or for 36 hours, 8/15. Fifteen animals received, in addition to noradrenaline for 36 hours, hydrocortisone administered intravenously (0.7 μg./min.) or intramuscularly (2.5 mg. every 6 hours); seven of these animals survived.Analysis of variance showed that there was no difference in the shock procedure undergone by the controls and by the treated survivors. The Chi square test on the survival rates revealed that the infusion of noradrenaline for 1 hour or 4 hours did not improve survival, but infusion for 36 hours produced a very significant increase in survival time and in total survival rate. The addition of hydrocortisone neither enhanced nor impaired this improvement.

THE EFFECT OF NORADRENALINE ON THE SURVIVAL OF RATS SUBJECTED TO HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Lansing ◽  
J. A. F. Stevenson ◽  
C. W. Gowdey
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Hemorrhagic Shock ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Chi Square Test

Reports of the efficacy of l-noradrenaline in the treatment of clinical shock stimulated an investigation of its effect in controlled hemorrhagic hypotension. Seventy-three 350-g. male Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to a standardized hemorrhagic shock procedure. Of 15 control animals that received no treatment, only one survived for 48 hours; none survived of the five controls that received a constant intravenous infusion, after the shock procedure, of 5% glucose in distilled water until death or for 36 hours. The treated animals received, after the shock procedure, an infusion of l-noradrenaline (0.5–2.0 μg./min.) in 5% glucose in distilled water. The survival rates for the treated animals were: treatment for 1 hour, 1/8; treatment for 4 hours, 4/15; treatment until death or for 36 hours, 8/15. Fifteen animals received, in addition to noradrenaline for 36 hours, hydrocortisone administered intravenously (0.7 μg./min.) or intramuscularly (2.5 mg. every 6 hours); seven of these animals survived.Analysis of variance showed that there was no difference in the shock procedure undergone by the controls and by the treated survivors. The Chi square test on the survival rates revealed that the infusion of noradrenaline for 1 hour or 4 hours did not improve survival, but infusion for 36 hours produced a very significant increase in survival time and in total survival rate. The addition of hydrocortisone neither enhanced nor impaired this improvement.

scholarly journals Can Spinal Bupivacaine Analgesia Treatment Make a Difference on Urinary Bladder Healing According to the Intramuscular Pethidine Analgesia Treatment in Rats?

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1869-1874
Author(s):  
Yeswim Senayli ◽  
Atilla Senayli ◽  
R. Dogan Koseoglu ◽  
Ziya Kaya ◽  
Fatih Özkan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Muscle Region ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Grading Scales ◽  
Made In

We designed a study to compare the healing levels found with intramuscular pethidine with those found with intrathecal local anesthetic treatments. The urinary bladder is suggested to be the most useful tissue in the evaluation of the effects of the drugs. Nineteen male, Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200–300 g were used in this study. A sagittal section was made in the urinary bladder after suitable anesthesia and laparotomy. Bladders were closed with 5-0 plain catguts 5 min later. There were nine rats in the control group and pethidine (0.5 g/kg) was administered intramuscularly in the gluteal muscle region to treat pain after the operations. There were 11 rats in the study group and each received a spinal injection of 0.25% bupivacaine after the operation. Rats were followed for 7 days to define pain. Specimens, particularly the incised region of the bladder, were evaluated for inflammation and fibrosis. Grading scales were used for this purpose. Statistical analyses of the data were performed using the Chi-square test. Statistical analyses were nonsignificant for inflammation (p≤ 0.151) and nonsignificant for fibrosis (p≤ 0.105). The treatments may have the same effects on organ healing mechanisms. Statistical difference is not shown in this study, but use of other combinations of pain treatments to evaluate the healing may demonstrate which of these possibilities is true.

scholarly journals Prognosis and Survival Study in Patients with Glioblastoma Multiform and Its Relationship with EGFR Expression

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-120
Author(s):  
Zeinab Amirpour ◽  
◽  
Arezoo Bahari ◽  
Behrad Nafisi ◽  
Koorosh Rahmani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
P Value ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Egfr Expression ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Mean

Background and Aim: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant and invasive tumor of the brain. The relation between prognosis and survival of GBM patients with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) expression is challenging. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the prognosis and survival of patients with GBM and its relationship with EGFR expression. Materials and Methods: This single-arm cohort study was conducted on 70 patients with GBM during 2012-2018 in Shahid Rahnemoon and Mortaz hospitals. The immunohistochemistry technique was applied to paraffin blocks of brain tumors for examining EGFR expression. Other data were extracted from medical records. To determine the survival rate, the Kaplan–Meier curves were used. A chi-square test was used for the analysis of data. Statistically, p-value <0.05 was assumed significant. Results: The mean survival of patients with GBM was 22.3 ± 2.5 months (95% CI=17.41 - 27.10). In addition, 1, 2- and 5-year survival rates were 90%, 30% and 5%, respectively. The mean survival of patients with negative and positive EGFR was 27.4±7.3 and 20.6±2.4 months, respectively. Besides, 11.1% and 14.3% of patients in negative and positive EGFR groups were alive. There was no significant difference in patient’s survival in terms of EGFR expression (p=0.36). No significant difference was seen between the two groups (EGFR positive and negative groups), regarding the frequency of age, sex, tumor’s anatomical location, and place of living (p>0.05). Conclusion: Based on our study, it seems that the GBM tumor was associated with poor prognosis and a low survival rate. It was also found that the expression of the EGFR gene did not affect the survival rate of patients with GBM. Therefore, its use as a predictor factor for survival and prognosis is questionable.

scholarly journals SURVIVAL TIME AND HISTOLOGICAL OUTCOME OF MAJOR ORGANS FOLLOWING HONEY ADMINISTRATION TO ACUTE PARAQUAT-INTOXICATED RATS: A PRELIMINARY STUDY

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 319
Author(s):  
Suk Peng Tang ◽  
Hasnan Jaafar ◽  
Siew Hua Gan ◽  
Kuttulebbai N.s. Sirajudeen ◽  
Siti Amrah Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Tualang Honey

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this research was to investigate the possible protective effect of Tualang honey (TH) in acute paraquat (PQ) toxicity in rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 48 male Sprague-Dawley rats aged eight weeks old were used. Oral PQ and TH were administered at 225 mg/kg and 0.2 g/kg, respectively. The effects of single and multiple TH treatmentson PQ-intoxicated rats were then investigated. Single TH treatment groups received TH at 0.5 (PQ+TH0.5h), 2 (PQ+TH2h) or 6 (PQ+TH6h) hours following PQ administration. Multiple TH treatment groups received TH at 0.5, 2 and 6 h (PQ+THtrp) or further daily treatment for the following six days (PQ+TH7d) after PQ administration (n=6 per group). The survival time of the rat was recorded until day 28 before sacrifice, which was followed by a histological examination.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Treatment with TH did not improve the survival rate of PQ-intoxicated rats. However, the median survival time of rats that received multiple TH treatments was significantly longer compared to that of the PQ+TH6h group. TH treatment was found to improve the histological outcomes of PQ-intoxicated rats, particularly in the lungs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest the potential role of honey in delaying the toxic effects of PQ.</p>

scholarly journals Survival after surgery among patients with cholangiocarcinoma in Northeast Thailand according to anatomical and morphological classification

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaiwat Tawarungruang ◽  
Narong Khuntikeo ◽  
Nittaya Chamadol ◽  
Vallop Laopaiboon ◽  
Jaruwan Thuanman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Median Survival ◽  
Median Survival Time ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Care Program ◽  
Tumor Location ◽  
Northeast Thailand ◽  
Curative Surgery

Abstract Background Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) has been categorized based on tumor location as intrahepatic (ICCA), perihilar (PCCA) or distal (DCCA), and based on the morphology of the tumor of the bile duct as mass forming (MF), periductal infiltrating (PI) or intraductal (ID). To date, there is limited evidence available regarding the survival of CCA among these different anatomical and morphological classifications. This study aimed to evaluate the survival rate and median survival time after curative surgery among CCA patients according to their anatomical and morphological classifications, and to determine the association between these classifications and survival. Methods This study included CCA patients who underwent curative surgery from the Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Northeast Thailand. The anatomical and morphological classifications were based on pathological findings after surgery. Survival rates of CCA and median survival time since the date of CCA surgery and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Multiple cox regression was performed to evaluate factors associated with survival which were quantified by hazard ratios (HR) and their 95% CIs. Results Of the 746 CCA patients, 514 had died at the completion of the study which constituted 15,643.6 person-months of data recordings. The incidence rate was 3.3 per 100 patients per month (95% CI: 3.0–3.6), with median survival time of 17.8 months (95% CI: 15.4–20.2), and 5-year survival rate of 24.6% (95% CI: 20.7–28.6). The longest median survival time was 21.8 months (95% CI: 16.3–27.3) while the highest 5-year survival rate of 34.8% (95% CI: 23.8–46.0) occurred in the DCCA group. A combination of anatomical and morphological classifications, PCCA+ID, was associated with the longest median survival time of 40.5 months (95% CI: 17.9–63.0) and the highest 5-year survival rate of 42.6% (95% CI: 25.4–58.9). The ICCA+MF combination was associated with survival (adjusted HR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.01–2.09; P = 0.013) compared to ICCA+ID patients. Conclusions Among patients receiving surgical treatment, those with PCCA+ID had the highest 5-year survival rate, which was higher than in groups classified by only anatomical characteristics. Additionally, the patients with ICCA+MF tended to have unfavorable surgical outcomes. Showed the highest survival association. Therefore, further investigations into CCA imaging should focus on patients with a combination of anatomical and morphological classifications.

Evaluation of the effect of cetrimide with edta on Microhardness and surface changes in root dentin – An invitro study

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
Dr. Swarooparanil Patil ◽  
Dr. B.S. Keshava Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Surface Erosion ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Root Dentin ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Hardness Values ◽  
Surface Changes

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of cetrimide with or without EDTA solution on the microhardness and surface changes in root dentin. Single rooted human mandibular premolar teeth were decoronated and sectioned longitudinally. The root segments were horizontally embedded in autopolymerizing resin. These specimens were randomly divided into 6 experimental groups according to the irrigating solution used. The irrigating solutions used were 5% EDTA, 5%EDTA + 0.25% Cetrimide, 5%EDTA + 0.50% Cetrimide, 0.25% Cetrimide, 0.50% Cetrimide and distilled water. Each group was further divided into two subgroups. First subgroup specimens were employed for microhardness testing using vicker’s indenter. Second subgroup specimens were used to evaluate the surface changes of root dentin under stereomicroscope. Comparison of the mean microhardness of test groups was done using ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey’s test. Pre- and post- treatment hardness values were compared using student paired t test. The data obtained from surface erosion scoring was subjected to statistical analysis using Chi square test. Results of this study showed significant reduction in the microhardness of dentin for all the groups except for the distilled water (p<0.001). The greatest reduction in dentin microhardness was observed with Group-3 (5% EDTA + 0.50% CTR). Specimens in 5% EDTA group showed greater erosion than other groups. Within the limitations of this study it was concluded that all the tested irrigating solutions reduced the microhardness of root dentin except distilled water. Maximum reduction in microhardness was observed with addition of 0.50% cetrimide to EDTA. EDTA increased the surface roughness of root dentin irrespective of cetrimide association. Use of cetrimide at concentrations higher than 0.25% would be detrimental to the microhardness of dentin.

scholarly journals Synergistic suppression of pre-perfusion of donor livers with recipient serum and cobra venom factor treatment on hyperacute rejection following liver xenotransplantation

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 301-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baohua Zhu ◽  
Chuanming Tong ◽  
Weitao Guo ◽  
Rong Pu ◽  
Guoping Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Time ◽  
Hyperacute Rejection ◽  
Cobra Venom ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Donor Liver ◽  
Cobra Venom Factor ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
And Control

PURPOSE: To investigate synergistic suppression of donor liver pre-perfusion with recipient serum (RS) and cobra venom factor (CVF) treatment on hyperacute rejection (HAR) following liver xenotransplantation. METHODS: Guinea-pigs (GP, n=24) and Sprague-Dawley rats (SD, n=24) were recruited. Before transplantation, serum was collected from SD rats and used for preparation of inactivated complements. GP and SD rats were randomly assigned into four groups (n=6), respectively: RS group, CVF group, RS+CVF group and control group. Orthotopic liver xenotransplantation was performed with modified two-cuff technique. The survival time and liver function of recipients, morphological and pathological changes in rat livers were investigated. RESULTS: There was no piebald like change in the recipient livers in all experiment groups. The survival time of recipients in all experiment groups was longer than that in control group (p<0.05). Moreover, the survival time in the RS+CVF group was markedly longer than that in the RS group (p<0.01) and CVF group (p<0.05). The serum ALT level in all experiment groups were lower than that in the control group (p<0.05). Furthermore, the ALT level in the RS+CVF group was significantly lower than that in the CVF group (p<0.05) and RS group (p<0.01). The histological damages were significantly improved when compared with the control group, and the histological damages in the RS+CVF group were milder than those in the remaining groups (p<0.05) CONCLUSION: Pre-perfusion of donor liver with recipient serum and cobra venom factor treatment can exert synergistic suppressive effects on the hyperacute rejection following liver xenotransplantation.

scholarly journals Effect of liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin resuscitation on proteostasis in small intestinal epithelium after hemorrhagic shock

2016 ◽  
Vol 311 (1) ◽  
pp. G180-G191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geeta Rao ◽  
Vivek R. Yadav ◽  
Shanjana Awasthi ◽  
Pamela R. Roberts ◽  
Vibhudutta Awasthi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hemorrhagic Shock ◽  
Multiorgan Failure ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Unfolded Protein ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress ◽  
Protein Response

Gut barrier dysfunction is the major trigger for multiorgan failure associated with hemorrhagic shock (HS). Although the molecular mediators responsible for this dysfunction are unclear, oxidative stress-induced disruption of proteostasis contributes to the gut pathology in HS. The objective of this study was to investigate whether resuscitation with nanoparticulate liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin (LEH) is able to restore the gut proteostatic mechanisms. Sprague-Dawley rats were recruited in four groups: control, HS, HS+LEH, and HS+saline. HS was induced by withdrawing 45% blood, and isovolemic LEH or saline was administered after 15 min of shock. The rats were euthanized at 6 h to collect plasma and ileum for measurement of the markers of oxidative stress, unfolded protein response (UPR), proteasome function, and autophagy. HS significantly increased the protein and lipid oxidation, trypsin-like proteasome activity, and plasma levels of IFNγ. These effects were prevented by LEH resuscitation. However, saline was not able to reduce protein oxidation and plasma IFNγ in hemorrhaged rats. Saline resuscitation also suppressed the markers of UPR and autophagy below the basal levels; the HS or LEH groups showed no effect on the UPR and autophagy. Histological analysis showed that LEH resuscitation significantly increased the villus height and thickness of the submucosal and muscularis layers compared with the HS and saline groups. Overall, the results showed that LEH resuscitation was effective in normalizing the indicators of proteostasis stress in ileal tissue. On the other hand, saline-resuscitated animals showed a decoupling of oxidative stress and cellular protective mechanisms.

Endogenous CCK disrupts the MMC pattern via capsaicin-sensitive vagal afferent fibers in the rat

1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (1) ◽  
pp. G100-G105 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rodriguez-Membrilla ◽  
P. Vergara
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Rat Intestine ◽  
Intracerebroventricular Infusion ◽  
C Fibers ◽  
Afferent Fibers ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Vagal Afferent ◽  
Endogenous Release ◽  
Stimulation Of

A meal disrupts migrating motor complexes (MMC) in the rat intestine through stimulation of peripheral cholecystokinin (CCK)-B and central CCK-A receptors. The aim of this study was to determine pathways implicated in postprandial disruption of the MMC mediated by CCK. Sprague-Dawley rats were prepared with electrodes for electromyography in the small intestine, and ablation of vagal afferent C-fibers by capsaicin was carried out. Endogenous release of CCK was induced by oral administration of soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI). In control rats SBTI disrupted MMC and generated an irregular spiking activity that lasted longer than 3 h. Intravenous infusion of L-365,260 (2 x 10(-7) mol/kg) but not of L-364,718 (3 x 10(-9) mol/kg) restored the MMC pattern. In capsaicin-treated rats, SBTI did not modify fasting activity. Infusion of CCK octapeptide (CCK-8) at 3 x 10(-9) mol.kg-1.h-1 disrupted the MMC, although the response was quantitatively and qualitatively different from SBTI. The effect was reversed by intravenous infusion of L-364,718 or L-365,260 and intracerebroventricular infusion of L-364,718. In capsaicin-treated rats, the intracerebroventricular or intravenous infusion of L-364,718 inhibited CCK-8 effects. However, the intravenous infusion of L-365,260 did not reverse the MMC pattern. These results suggest that the disruption of the MMC mediated by CCK is due to stimulation of peripheral CCK-B receptors located in vagal afferent fibers. This initiates a reflex including stimulation of central CCK-A receptors. Exogenous CCK also stimulates peripheral CCK-A receptors not located in capsaicin-sensitive vagal afferent fibers.

scholarly journals Pediatric Brain tumors in Southeast Nigeria; An 8-year prospective longitudinal cohort study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enoch Uche ◽  
Nkechi Judith Uche ◽  
Obinna V Ajuzieogu ◽  
Dubem Amuta ◽  
ephraim Onyia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumors ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Pediatric Brain

Abstract Background: Pediatric brain tumors (PBT’s) from previous studies are associated with poor outcomes in our subregion. Methods. An 8 -year single center prospective study. All cases investigated with neuroimaging and treated were enrolled. Data was analyzed with SPSS (Inc) Chicago IL, USA version 23. Chi Square test, One-way Anova and confidence limits were used to evaluate associations using the 95% level of significance. Patients were followed up for a range of 1 to 7.5 years with a mean of 4.9 ±1.3years. Ethical approval was obtained for our study. Results: 95 patients were enrolled, 84 satisfied the study criteria. There were 45 males and 39 females, M: F=1.1. The mean age was 9.9±2.7 years 95%CI with a range of 9 months to 16 years. The most common symptom was headache for supratentorial lesions (73%) and gait disturbance (80.2%) for infratentorial lesions. More tumors were supratentorial in location (45(54.2%), while 33(37.1%) were infratentorial. Craniopharyngiomas (n=19), medulloblastomas(n=17) and astrocytomas (n=11) were the most common tumors. Hemoglobin genotype(AA and AS) had some influence on tumor phenotype, Odds ratio 8.9 and 3.3 for medulloblastoma and craniopharyngioma. 69 cases were microsurgically resected while 14 patients were treated with radiotherapy alone. The 30-day mortality for operated cases is 7.9±1.3%. Overall 1-year and 5-year survival was 67.9% and 53.6 % respectively. Survival rates varied among treatment groups (X2=8.9, P=0.017). Conclusion: Survival profile in this series suggests some improvement in comparison to previous studies from our region.

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