STUDIES ON ALDOSTERONE: I. ISOLATION FROM ADRENAL CORTICAL EXTRACT AND A TEST FOR ITS IDENTITY

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan G. Gornall ◽  
Cynthia Gwilliam
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Water System ◽  
Characteristic Behavior ◽  
Blue Tetrazolium ◽  
Bio Assay ◽  
Phosphoric Acids

Details are given of a method which has proved very satisfactory for the isolation of aldosterone from commercial aqueous adrenal cortical extracts. The hormone was extracted with chloroform and separated by chromatography in the following systems: System I, benzene: 5% ethyl acetate/methanol: water; System II, toluene/propylene glycol; System III, benzene: 10% ethyl acetate/methanol: water. Identification of the isolated steroid was provided by: U.V. absorption, acetylation followed by chromatography, bio-assay, qualitative tests with blue tetrazolium and phenylhydrazine, absorption spectra in sulphuric and phosphoric acids, and crystallization. Quantitative estimations were made by U.V. absorption and the dinitrophenylhydrazine reaction. The latter method has been shown to exhibit with aldosterone a characteristic behavior that can assist in establishing the identity of this hormone. The yield from the extract principally employed was 4 μg. per ml.

STUDIES ON ALDOSTERONE: I. ISOLATION FROM ADRENAL CORTICAL EXTRACT AND A TEST FOR ITS IDENTITY

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan G. Gornall ◽  
Cynthia Gwilliam
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Water System ◽  
Characteristic Behavior ◽  
Blue Tetrazolium ◽  
Bio Assay ◽  
Phosphoric Acids

Details are given of a method which has proved very satisfactory for the isolation of aldosterone from commercial aqueous adrenal cortical extracts. The hormone was extracted with chloroform and separated by chromatography in the following systems: System I, benzene: 5% ethyl acetate/methanol: water; System II, toluene/propylene glycol; System III, benzene: 10% ethyl acetate/methanol: water. Identification of the isolated steroid was provided by: U.V. absorption, acetylation followed by chromatography, bio-assay, qualitative tests with blue tetrazolium and phenylhydrazine, absorption spectra in sulphuric and phosphoric acids, and crystallization. Quantitative estimations were made by U.V. absorption and the dinitrophenylhydrazine reaction. The latter method has been shown to exhibit with aldosterone a characteristic behavior that can assist in establishing the identity of this hormone. The yield from the extract principally employed was 4 μg. per ml.

Cubic, Sponge, and Lamellar Phases in the Glyceryl Monooleyl Ether−Propylene Glycol−Water System

Langmuir ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (20) ◽  
pp. 10020-10025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Engström ◽  
Pia Wadsten-Hindrichsen ◽  
Bettina Hernius
Keyword(s):  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Water System ◽  
Lamellar Phases

α-glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of Extracts and Compounds from the Leaves of Ruellia tuberosa L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Nguyen Tuong Vi ◽  
Nguyen Ngoc Tuan ◽  
Quach Tong Hung ◽  
Pham Thi Nhat Trinh ◽  
Tong Thanh Danh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Spectroscopic Method ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Strong Activity ◽  
Butanol Extract ◽  
Glucosidase Inhibitor ◽  
Inhibitory Activities ◽  
Bio Assay ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extracts

Background: In recent years, the study of the structure and biological activity of medicinal plants has a particularly important to search for diabetes medicine. Ruellia tuberosa is used to treat various diseases such as diabetes by inhibiting the activity of α-glucosidase. Objective: In this study, experiment was designed to isolated isolate and identified identify α-glucosidase inhibitory extracts and compounds from Ruellia tuberosa L. through bio-assay guided isolation. Method: Dry powder of Ruellia tuberosa L. was extracted with 70% ethanol, then liquid-liquid partition with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and butanol, respectively. The extracts were evaluated with α-glucosidase inhibition. The potential extracts were isolated and identified compounds. The effects of these compounds on the α-glucosidase inhibitory were evaluated. Results: The a-glucosidase inhibitory activities showed that the n-hexane, ethyl acetate and the butanol extract had the α-glucosidase inhibition with an IC50 of 46.2 0.9, 6.6 2.9 and 8.9  μg/mL, respectively. From the n-hexane and ethyl acetate extracts, the structures of four compounds were elucidated by NMR spectroscopic method, including lupeol (1), syringaresinol (2), apigenin (3), verbascoside (4). The a-glucosidase inhibitory activities showed that all isolated compounds were more active than the positive control - acarbose with an IC50 of 37.5  0.4; 19.5  0.2; 20.1  0.3; 69.3  0.2 µg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: The ethyl acetate extract showed strong activity about 19 times more than positive control - acarbose. The compound syringaresinol (2) was the most powerful α-glucosidase inhibitor. Therefore, Ruellia tuberosa L. contains many compounds that can inhibit α-glucosidase activity.

scholarly journals Investigations on the combustion of hydrocarbons II-Absorption spectra and chemical properties of intermediates

1935 ◽  
Vol 152 (876) ◽  
pp. 378-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred Rene Jean Paul Ubbelohde ◽  
Alfred Charles Egerton
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Induction Period ◽  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Iron Carbonyl ◽  
Slow Combustion ◽  
Higher Hydrocarbons ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The investigations recorded here are a development of the work of Egerton and Pidgeon on the absorption spectra of burning hydrocarbons, which had included investigations of the absorption and slow combustion of alcohols up to amyl alcohols, aldehydes up to valeraldehyde, acids up to butyric; amylene, ethylene, ethyl acetate, ethyl hydroperoxide, diethyl, peroxide, and of anti-knocks such as lead tetraethyl, iron carbonyl, butyl iodide, and aniline. The results were compared with the slow combustion of the normal hydrocarbons up to pentane, in the same apparatus. The only intermediates which could be demonstrated spectroscopically in the slow combustion of hydrocarbons were formaldehyde and organic acids, mainly because only these substances have a sufficiently large absorption coefficient to he detectable at the concentrations occurring. In addition, a characteristic hand was discovered at the end of the (pseudo) induction period, in the slow combustion of the higher hydrocarbons, though the molecule responsible for it was not identified, in spite of a considerable search among the ordinary products of slow combustion.

scholarly journals Evaluation Patch of Rhizoma Extract Kencur (Kaempferia galanga L.) as Anti-Inflammatory with Enhancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Hesti Riasari ◽  
Revika Rachmaniar ◽  
Sri Wahyuni
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Hexane Extract ◽  
Kaempferia Galanga ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Kencur (Kaempferia galanga L.) is a family of Zingiberaceae. Several studies have shown that kencur can help reduce inflammation because kencur is known to contain anti-inflammatory compounds, namely marker compounds from flavonoids, kaempferol. For the development of pharmaceutical preparations, research on anti-inflammatory plasters containing 96% ethanol extract, n-hexane extract, ethyl acetate extract and 70% ethanol extract from ginger rhizome with the addition of penetration enhancer (enhancer), namely propylene glycol. This anti-inflammatory plaster was tested for its activity in 5 groups of Wistar strain rat feet which had been induced 1% carrageenan (negative control); positive control (diclofenac sodium), ethanol96% extract, n-hexane extract, ethyl acetate extract and 70% ethanol extract from kencur rhizome and compared with plaster of kencur rhizome ethanol extract without enhancer. The results showed the effect of adding enhancers 30 minutes after administration. 96% ethanol extract and ethyl acetate extract had reduced inflammation by 79.99% in rat test animals compared to plaster ethanol extract of rhizome kencur without the addition of enhancers. Keywords :  Kaempferia galanga. L., patch, anti-inflammatory, enhancer, propylene glycol

A Comparison of Methods for Determining Catechol Amines and 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic Acid in Urine

1962 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
D J Mahler ◽  
F L Humoller
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Quantitative Measurement ◽  
Comparison Of Methods ◽  
Chemical Laboratory ◽  
Catechol Amine ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Catechol Amines ◽  
Laboratory Measures ◽  
Bio Assay

Abstract The chemical laboratory measures used in the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma have been evaluated. Bio-assay, fluorometric, and spectrophotometric methods were used. Urinary VMA and catechol amine values found for normal and hypertensive groups compared well with those reported by other investigators. The quantitative measurement of urinary VMA by means of a proposed ethyl acetate extraction proved quite reliable.

Density and Vapour Pressure of the Propylene Glycol-Water System from 15 to 50°C

2010 ◽  
Vol 84 (11) ◽  
pp. 1119-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Verlinde ◽  
R. M. H. Verbeeck ◽  
H. P. Thun
Keyword(s):  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Water System
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