ACETATE METABOLISM OF MATURING WHEAT PLANTS

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. B. McConnell ◽  
L. K. Ramachandran
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Citric Acid Cycle ◽  
Starch Synthesis ◽  
Acetate Metabolism ◽  
Labelling Efficiency ◽  
Acid Cycle ◽  
Carbon 14 ◽  
Wheat Kernels

The transport of carbon-14 injected into the hollow stems of growing wheat plants in the form of sodium acetate-1-C14 and -2-C14 was studied. The labelling efficiency of the tracer and its distribution among components of the wheat kernels was markedly dependent upon the time of injection. Maximum incorporation of activity occurred with plants which were given the tracer about 80 days after seeding. Sodium acetate-1-C14 was less effective for producing labelled kernels and gave rise to more uniform distribution of carbon-14 among the components, very little carbon-14 being utilized for starch synthesis nearer maturity. A high percentage of the carbon-14 content of the gluten resided in the glutamic acid residues. Glutamic acid-C14 injected into the stems was an efficient source of labelling for the plant. The results are consistent with the view that acetate is utilized by way of the Krebs' citric acid cycle.

ACETATE METABOLISM OF MATURING WHEAT PLANTS

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. B. McConnell ◽  
L. K. Ramachandran
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Citric Acid Cycle ◽  
Starch Synthesis ◽  
Acetate Metabolism ◽  
Labelling Efficiency ◽  
Acid Cycle ◽  
Carbon 14 ◽  
Wheat Kernels

The transport of carbon-14 injected into the hollow stems of growing wheat plants in the form of sodium acetate-1-C14 and -2-C14 was studied. The labelling efficiency of the tracer and its distribution among components of the wheat kernels was markedly dependent upon the time of injection. Maximum incorporation of activity occurred with plants which were given the tracer about 80 days after seeding. Sodium acetate-1-C14 was less effective for producing labelled kernels and gave rise to more uniform distribution of carbon-14 among the components, very little carbon-14 being utilized for starch synthesis nearer maturity. A high percentage of the carbon-14 content of the gluten resided in the glutamic acid residues. Glutamic acid-C14 injected into the stems was an efficient source of labelling for the plant. The results are consistent with the view that acetate is utilized by way of the Krebs' citric acid cycle.

STUDIES ON WHEAT PLANTS USING C14 COMPOUNDS: IV. DISTRIBUTION OF C14 IN GLUTAMIC ACID, ASPARTIC ACID, AND THREONINE ARISING FROM ACETATE-1-C14 AND -2-C14

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 365-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bilinski ◽  
W. B. McConnell
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Citric Acid Cycle ◽  
Carbon Skeleton ◽  
Major Pathway ◽  
Acid Cycle ◽  
Carbon 14

Glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and threonine isolated from the gluten of wheat plants to which acetate-1-C14 or -2-C14 was administered during growth have been degraded to determine the complete intramolecular distribution of C14. Sixty-three per cent of the activity in glutamic acid arising from acetate-1-C14 was in carbon-5 and 20% in carbon-1; glutamic acid from acetate-2-C14 contained 43% of the activity in carbon-4 and about 18% in each of carbons 2 and 3. Acetate-1-C14 resulted in labelling largely in the terminal carbons of aspartic acid, and acetate-2-C14 preferentially labelled the internal carbons. The results show that the Krebs' citric acid cycle provides a major pathway for the biosynthesis of the dicarboxylic amino acids of wheat gluten.Striking parallelism in the intramolecular distribution of carbon-14 in aspartic acid and threonine demonstrates that these amino acids are closely linked biosynthetically and is in accord with the idea that aspartic acid provides the carbon skeleton for threonine.

STUDIES ON WHEAT PLANTS USING C14 COMPOUNDS: IV. DISTRIBUTION OF C14 IN GLUTAMIC ACID, ASPARTIC ACID, AND THREONINE ARISING FROM ACETATE-1-C14 AND -2-C14

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 365-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bilinski ◽  
W. B. McConnell
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Citric Acid Cycle ◽  
Carbon Skeleton ◽  
Major Pathway ◽  
Acid Cycle ◽  
Carbon 14

Glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and threonine isolated from the gluten of wheat plants to which acetate-1-C14 or -2-C14 was administered during growth have been degraded to determine the complete intramolecular distribution of C14. Sixty-three per cent of the activity in glutamic acid arising from acetate-1-C14 was in carbon-5 and 20% in carbon-1; glutamic acid from acetate-2-C14 contained 43% of the activity in carbon-4 and about 18% in each of carbons 2 and 3. Acetate-1-C14 resulted in labelling largely in the terminal carbons of aspartic acid, and acetate-2-C14 preferentially labelled the internal carbons. The results show that the Krebs' citric acid cycle provides a major pathway for the biosynthesis of the dicarboxylic amino acids of wheat gluten.Striking parallelism in the intramolecular distribution of carbon-14 in aspartic acid and threonine demonstrates that these amino acids are closely linked biosynthetically and is in accord with the idea that aspartic acid provides the carbon skeleton for threonine.

scholarly journals Metabolism of Semen After Freezing [[ . The Aerobic Metabolism of Ram Spermatozoa Before and After Storage at ?79°C

1969 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 733
Author(s):  
T O'shea
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Citric Acid Cycle ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Sodium Lactate ◽  
Aerobic Metabolism ◽  
Sodium Salts ◽  
Acid Cycle ◽  
Before And After

The metabolism of ram spermatozoa, incubated at 37�0 shortly after ejacula-tion and after storage overnight at -79�0, was examined using various combinations of fructose, sodium lactate, sodium acetate, and sodium salts of citric acid cycle intermediates. Although freezing depressed all indices of cell metabolism, there were few qualitative differences between the metabolism by fresh or thawed semen of the various substrates. The increased oxygen uptake of thawed spermatozoa on addition of succinate was unrelated to motility and to other parameters of metabolism.

scholarly journals Metabolomics Analysis of the Effect of Glutamic Acid on Monacolin K Synthesis in Monascus purpureus

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chan Zhang ◽  
Nan Zhang ◽  
Mengxue Chen ◽  
Haijiao Wang ◽  
Jiachen Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Citric Acid Cycle ◽  
Fermentation Broth ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Monascus Purpureus ◽  
Monacolin K ◽  
Acid Cycle ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Metabolomic Profiling

Monacolin K is a secondary metabolite produced by Monascus with beneficial effects on health, including the ability to lower cholesterol. We previously showed that the yield of monacolin K was significantly improved when glutamic acid was added to the fermentation broth of Monascus purpureus M1. In this study, we analyzed M. purpureus in media with and without glutamic acid supplementation using a metabolomic profiling approach to identify key metabolites and metabolic pathway differences. A total of 817 differentially expressed metabolites were identified between the two fermentation broths on day 8 of fermentation. Pathway analysis of these metabolites using the KEGG database indicated overrepresentation of the citric acid cycle; biotin metabolism; and alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolic pathways. Six differentially expressed metabolites were found to be related to the citric acid cycle. The effect of citric acid as an exogenous additive on the synthesis of monacolin K was examined. These results provide technical support and a theoretical basis for further studies of the metabolic regulatory mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of monacolin K and medium optimization, as well as genetic engineering of Monascus M1 for efficient monacolin K production.

scholarly journals Biosynthesis of food constituents: Amino acids: 1. The glutamic acid and aspartic acid groups – a review

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
J. Velíšek ◽  
K. Cejpek
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Citric Acid Cycle ◽  
Acid Group ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Acid Cycle ◽  
Oxaloacetic Acid ◽  
Reaction Schemes

This review article gives a survey of principal pathways that lead to the biosynthesis of the proteinogenic amino acids of the glutamic acid group (glutamic acid, glutamine, proline, arginine) and aspartic acid group (aspartic acid, asparagine, threonine, methionine, lysine, isoleucine) starting with oxaloacetic acid from the citric acid cycle. There is an extensive use of reaction schemes, sequences, and mechanisms with the enzymes involved and detailed explanations using sound chemical principles and mechanisms.

EFFECT OF SERUM GONADOTROPHIN ON DEHYDROGENASES OF THE CITRIC ACID CYCLE IN THE OVARY OF THE RAT

1963 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 480-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Eckstein ◽  
R. Landsberg
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Citric Acid Cycle ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Immature Rat ◽  
Acid Cycle ◽  
Immature Rats ◽  
Rat Ovary

ABSTRACT The succinic, malic and isocitric dehydrogenases in the ovary of immature and mature, normal and serum gonadotrophin injected rats were examined. The Qo2 of these enzymes were markedly enhanced in the gonadotrophin injected rats of both age groups, except in the case of succinic dehydrogenase in the ovary of the immature rats, where a slight non-significant decrease was noted. It is concluded that in the mature rat ovary, gonadotrophin administration stimulates the activity of all the examined dehydrogenases of the citric acid cycle, whereas in the immature rat ovary, at least the isocitric- and malic dehydrogenases are thus stimulated.

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