THE EFFECT OF CODEINE ON RAT SERUM AMYLASE

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 625-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Stuart Wiberg ◽  
Jules Tuba
Keyword(s):  
Gall Bladder ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Serum Amylase ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Sphincter Of Oddi ◽  
The Other ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Rat Serum ◽  
Other Hand

Adult male rats did not display an elevated serum amylase following injection of codeine. Mice, on the other hand, showed significantly increased values of the enzyme after treatment with codeine. The significance of these findings are discussed from the standpoint of the tonus of the sphincter of Oddi, and the presence or absence of a gall bladder.

THE EFFECT OF CODEINE ON RAT SERUM AMYLASE

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 625-627
Author(s):  
G. Stuart Wiberg ◽  
Jules Tuba
Keyword(s):  
Gall Bladder ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Serum Amylase ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Sphincter Of Oddi ◽  
The Other ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Rat Serum ◽  
Other Hand

Adult male rats did not display an elevated serum amylase following injection of codeine. Mice, on the other hand, showed significantly increased values of the enzyme after treatment with codeine. The significance of these findings are discussed from the standpoint of the tonus of the sphincter of Oddi, and the presence or absence of a gall bladder.

ON RAT SERUM LIPASE

1952 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-35
Author(s):  
Jules Tuba ◽  
Jack D. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Rat Serum ◽  
Serum Lipase ◽  
Fat Consumption ◽  
Daily Food

There is no correlation in either weanling or adult normal male rats between daily food consumption of a stock laboratory diet and serum tributyrinase activity. Limiting the food intake of adult male rats has no statistically significant effects on serum tributyrinase. The abnormally elevated serum tributyrinase levels of alloxan diabetic adult male rats may be accounted for on the basis of increased food consumption. Weanling and adult male animals maintained on synthetic diets containing from 5 to 60% fat show a correlation between serum tributyrinase concentration and daily fat consumption. In the case of adult rats increased fat ingestion is accompanied by increased enzyme activity. However, with weanling rats increased fat consumption results in lowered tributyrinase concentrations and retarded growth. The results with growing animals are attributed to the decreased intake of food, and the corresponding decrease in protein consumption, which accompanies the increase in dietary fat concentration. Replacement of the synthetic diets by the stock laboratory diet is followed by altered tributyrinase levels in both weanling and adult animals.

scholarly journals Ectopic gall bladder – An interesting case report

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-158
Author(s):  
Sharmin Reza ◽  
Faria Nasreen ◽  
Sharmin Quddus ◽  
Tapati Mandal ◽  
Ferdous Ara Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Gall Bladder ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rare Entity ◽  
Diagnostic Dilemma ◽  
Hida Scan ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Hepatobiliary Scan

Ectopic gall bladder is a rare entity. It can often be misdiagnosed causing diagnostic dilemma leading to various complications. Ultrasonography is the most common investigation for evaluating gall bladder pathologies. However, the confirmation of ectopic gallbladder is not easily possible by this method. On the other hand, hepatobiliary scan (HIDA scan) plays an important role in evaluating the presence and position of ectopic gallbladder. Here we present a case of sonographically suspected ectopic gallbladder confirmed by hepatobiliary scan highlighting the importance of HIDA scan in ectopic gallbladder.Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 17(2): 156-158, July 2014

Metabolism of radiocopper (Cu64) in the rat

1965 ◽  
Vol 209 (5) ◽  
pp. 900-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles A. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
The Other ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Cupric Acetate ◽  
Progressive Accumulation ◽  
Excretory Organs

About 100 µg of copper as cupric acetate-Cu64 was given iv to adult, male rats. Maximal concentrations of Cu64 were reached quickly in the excretory organs—liver, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract—which then slowly released their radioactivity. In most of the other organs a progressive accumulation of Cu64 began after the disappearance of most of the nonceruloplasminic Cu64 from the plasma and after ceruloplasmin-Cu64 emerged in the plasma, suggesting that ceruloplasmin may be the copper donor for the tissues. The disappearance of plasmatic Cu64 tended to parallel that from the liver after the first 48 hr.

Regulation of rat thyroxine-binding globulin and transthyretin: studies in thyroidectomized and hypophysectomized rats given tri-iodothyronine or/and growth hormone

1994 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Vranckx ◽  
M Rouaze-Romet ◽  
L Savu ◽  
P Mechighel ◽  
M Maya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Developmentally Regulated ◽  
Gh Treatment ◽  
Rat Serum ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Thyroxine Binding Globulin ◽  
Gh Replacement

Abstract We have investigated the role of the thyroid compared with the hypophysis in the regulation of the two saturable thyroid hormone carriers of rat serum, thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) and transthyretin (TTR). We examined, at serum and hepatic mRNA level, the responses of TBG and TTR to thyroidectomy (Tx), hypophysectomy (Hx) and replacement treatments with tri-iodothyronine (T3) or/and GH, both hormones which are depleted when the thyroid or hypophysis are removed. The studies were performed on male rats at the age of 8 weeks, when the developmentally regulated TBG becomes undetectable after its transient postnatal rise, while the non-developmentally regulated TTR presents its normal, age-independent level of expression. Tx-induced TBG re-expression was completely reversed by T3 replacement and unresponsive to GH replacement. TTR in the serum, on the other hand, was not affected by Tx or T3 replacement, moderately reduced by Tx in terms of the amount of mRNA, and markedly reduced by GH replacement. GH treatment, moreover, inhibited the expression of TTR in euthyroid controls. Hx, like Tx, induced TBG re-expression, an effect efficiently antagonized by T3 replacement. However, TBG synthesis was higher in Hx than in Tx rats and less effectively antagonized by T3 replacement. Most unexpectedly, GH induced a dramatic further increase in TBG synthesis, and the TBG synthesized in the GH-replaced Hx rats was entirely resistant to down-regulation by T3 replacement. TTR was markedly decreased at both serum and hepatic levels by Hx, unaffected by T3 and further decreased by GH replacement. Our evidence is consistent with two distinct regulatory pathways for TBG, one under direct negative control by the thyroid hormones, without GH mediation, and the other independent of the thyroid, but involving GH, possibly for its role in the control of carbohydrate metabolism. We have shown that TTR depends little on the thyroid and is regulated by pituitary factors in a complex way, since it is inhibited by Hx but also by treatment with GH. The divergent regulatory pathways of TBG and TTR may be important in the homeostasis of thyroid hormone bioavailability. Journal of Endocrinology (1994) 142, 77–84

scholarly journals Effects of Maternal Levels of Thyroid Hormone (TH) on the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Thyroid Set Point: Studies in TH Receptor β Knockout Mice

Endocrinology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 148 (11) ◽  
pp. 5305-5312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Alonso ◽  
Charles Goodwin ◽  
XiaoHui Liao ◽  
David Page ◽  
Samuel Refetoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Intrauterine Environment ◽  
Set Point ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Wild Type Phenotype ◽  
Pituitary Thyroid Axis ◽  
Serum Tsh

A level of thyroid hormone (TH) in agreement with the tissue requirements is essential for vertebrate embryogenesis and fetal maturation. In this study we evaluate the immediate and long-term effects of incongruent intrauterine TH levels between mother and fetus using the TH receptor (TR) β−/− knockout mouse as a model. We took advantage of the fact that the TRβ−/− females have elevated serum TH but are not thyrotoxic due to resistance to TH. We used crosses between heterozygotes with wild-type phenotype (TRβ+/−) males and TRβ−/− females, with a hyperiodothyroninemic (high T4 and T3 levels) intrauterine environment (TH congruent with the TRβ−/− fetus and excessive for the TRβ+/− fetus), and reciprocal crosses between TRβ−/− males and TRβ+/− females, providing a euiodothyroninemic intrauterine environment. We found that TRβ−/− dams had reduced litter sizes and pups with lower birth weight but preserved the mendelian TRβ−/− to TRβ+/− ratio at birth, indicating that the incongruous TH levels did not decrease intrauterine survival of a specific genotype. The results of studies in newborns demonstrate that TRβ+/− pups born to TRβ−/− dams have persistent suppression of serum TSH without a peak. On the other hand, TRβ−/− pups born to TRβ+/− dams have lower serum TSH at birth and a tendency to peak higher, compared with TRβ−/− pups born to TRβ−/− dams. The studies in the adult progeny demonstrate that TRβ+/− mice born to TRβ−/− dams and, thus, exposed to higher intrauterine TH levels, have greater resistance to TH at the level of the pituitary when stimulated with TRH. On the other hand, TRβ−/− mice born to TRβ+/− dams and, thus, deprived of TH in uterine life, were more sensitive to TH when similarly stimulated with TRH. Thus, TH exposure in utero has an effect on the regulatory set point of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis, which can be seen early in life and persists into adulthood.

Opioids modify the release of LH at the pituitary level: in vitro studies with entire rat pituitaries

1995 ◽  
Vol 145 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Dragatsis ◽  
P Papazafiri ◽  
C Zioudrou ◽  
K Gerozissis
Keyword(s):  
Opioid Receptor ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
The Other ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Opioid Antagonists ◽  
Lh Release ◽  
Mr 2266

Abstract It is currently accepted that opioids modify the secretion of LH by affecting the release of GnRH in the hypothalamus. A direct action of opioids at the pituitary level is not yet fully established. To this end, we tested the effects of opioids on the release of LH by the entire pituitary in adult male rats. Opioid agonists with mu (DAGO), delta (DSLET) and kappa (U-50488H) specificity were tested at 0·01 to 10 μm in static incubations. DAGO inhibited dose-dependently the spontaneous and GnRH-induced release of LH. DSLET inhibited only the GnRH-induced release of LH. On the other hand, U-50488H increased spontaneous LH release dose-dependently. The opioid antagonists naloxone, diallyl-G (delta antagonist) and MR 2266 (kappa antagonist) blocked the effects induced by DAGO, DSLET or U-50488H respectively, implying an opioid receptor-mediated effect. The above results showed that opioids with mu, delta and kappa specificity act on the entire pituitary and modify differentially the release of LH. In this study we also compared spontaneous and GnRH-induced LH release by anterior and entire pituitaries and found that the amount of LH released by the anterior lobe was twofold higher, suggesting that inhibitory factors present in the neurointermediate part may affect the release of LH. Journal of Endocrinology (1995) 145, 263–270

Tamoxifen does not block the inhibitory effect of testosterone on FSH release in rats

1987 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-89
Author(s):  
P. Negri-Cesi ◽  
F. Celotti ◽  
R. C. Melcangi ◽  
M. Zanisi ◽  
M. Motta
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Concomitant Treatment ◽  
Lh Release ◽  
Series Of Experiments

Abstract. The aim of the present experiments was to analyze whether the inhibitory effect exerted by testosterone on FSH release might be mediated by the intracerebral transformation of the hormone into oestrogenic metabolites. Advantage has been taken of the availability of the potent antioestrogen tamoxifen. Two series of experiments have been performed. In the first one, adult male rats have been castrated and submitted, beginning immediately after surgery, to a 6-day treatment with testosterone propionate (2 mg/rat/day), tamoxifen (50 or 200 μg/rat/day) or testosterone propionate (2 mg/rat/day) plus tamoxifen (either 50 or 200 μg/rat/day). In the second experiment, adult male rats have been castrated and submitted to the same 6-day treatments, beginning 4 weeks following orchidectomy. In both experiments, the animals were killed 24 h after the last injection, and serum levels of FSH and LH have been measured by radioimmunoassays. The results have clearly shown that, in both experiments, the administration of testosterone results in a significant decrease of serum FSH and in a total suppression of LH release. The administration of tamoxifen, in either dose, does not modify the elevated serum FSH and LH levels present in the orchidetomized animals, and does not antagonize the inhibitory effect on FSH and LH secretion exerted by the concomitant treatment with testosterone propionate. It is concluded that testosterone inhibits FSH secretion in orchidectomized rats acting as such, and not following aromatization to oestrogens.

EFFECT OF SUCKLING AND OF EXTEROCEPTIVE STIMULATION UPON PROLACTIN RELEASE IN THE RAT DURING LATE LACTATION

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. MENA ◽  
C. E. GROSVENOR
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
The Other ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Milk Secretion ◽  
Suckling Period ◽  
Prolactin Release ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Rat Pituitary

SUMMARY The results of experiments in which the prolactin in the primiparous rat pituitary was bioassayed suggested that the failure of suckling to release prolactin after 8 h of non-suckling on day 21 post-partum was due to the fact that prolactin had been discharged from the pituitary during the 8-h non-suckling period, presumably by exteroceptive signals emanating from the general environment of the animal room. This was substantiated in other experiments in which prolactin release was assessed indirectly through its stimulatory effects upon milk secretion. In these experiments, the mammary glands of rats maintained continuously in the animal room filled faster on day 21 after complete emptying of the glands by exogenous oxytocin, than did either rats on day 14 post-partum maintained continuously in the animal room or rats isolated in a room without other rats on day 21 post-partum. The glands of the latter two groups of rats could be stimulated to fill faster provided prolactin was injected 4 h before the initial emptying of the glands. The exteroceptive stimuli in the animal room environment that stimulated the release of prolactin in the 21-day post-partum rat apparently emanated at least in part from other lactating rats and/or their litters, since faster mammary gland refilling occurred in isolated 21 day post-partum rats when they were exposed to the presence of lactating rats with their litters for 30 min halfway through the 8-h non-suckling period which preceded the initial emptying of the gland. Exposure to male rats, on the other hand, was totally ineffective. A release of prolactin occurred in response to animal room environmental stimuli in the day 14 primiparous rat provided 13–14 day old foster pups were inserted in place of the mother's own pups on day 7. Thus, the rapidly changing characteristics of the pups from 14 to 21 days of age in some manner is involved in the increasing responsiveness of the exteroceptive mechanism for prolactin release which occurs from day 14 to day 21 post-partum.

scholarly journals Demonstration of functional heterogeneity of hepatic uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase activities after administration of 3-methylcholanthrene and phenobarbital to rats

1978 ◽  
Vol 174 (2) ◽  
pp. 671-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
G J Wishart
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
The Other ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Uridine Diphosphate ◽  
Functional Heterogeneity ◽  
Uridine Diphosphate Glucuronosyltransferase ◽  
Udp Glucuronosyltransferase ◽  
Phenobarbital Administration ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

After the administration of 3-methylcholanthrene to adult male rats, activities of hepatic UDP-glucuronosyltransferase towards six from a group of 12 substrates were stimulated by 250-350%. Activities towards the remaining six substrates were unaffected. Conversely, after phenobarbital administration, activities formerly stimulated by 3-methylcholanthrene remained unchanged, and the other six activities were stimulated by 160-280%. The relationship of these two groups of transferase activities to other evidence suggesting the same heterogeneity of the enzyme is discussed.

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