scholarly journals Cellular therapy promotes endogenous stem cell repair

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (10) ◽  
pp. 1335-1344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Forum Kamdar ◽  
Mohammad Nurulqadr Jameel ◽  
Paul Score ◽  
Jianyi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cellular Therapy ◽  
Ventricular Remodeling ◽  
Left Ventricular Remodeling ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Lv Function ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Cellular Transplantation

Cellular transplantation for cardiac repair has emerged as an exciting treatment option for patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and heart failure. Animal models of post-infarction left ventricular remodeling have demonstrated an improvement in left ventricular (LV) function, decrease in scar size, and amelioration of adverse cardiac remodeling after stem cell transplantation. These beneficial effects occur despite minimal engraftment and negligible differentiation of transplanted cells. Evidence of the heart capability to self-renew continues to mount; however, the extent to which this occurs is still unclear. Although there is a specific population of cardiac stem cells capable of differentiating into cardiomyocytes, they alone are not capable of fully regenerating tissue damaged by MI. Therefore, paracrine mechanisms may be responsible for activating endogenous stem cells to promote regeneration and prevent apoptosis. These structural beneficial effects may reduce regional wall stresses, consequently leading to long-term host myocardium gene/protein expression changes, which may subsequently result in improvement in LV function.

scholarly journals Anthracycline-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Young Cancer Patients: The Role of Carnitine

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (Suppl. 3) ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saro H. Armenian
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Childhood Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Ventricular Remodeling ◽  
Left Ventricular Remodeling ◽  
Childhood Cancer Survivors ◽  
Chronic Health Condition ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Left Ventricular

While the increased rates of survival in childhood cancers have increased progressively in recent decades, many childhood cancer survivors will have at least one chronic health condition within 40 years of age. In this regard, cardiovascular complications have emerged as a leading cause of long-term morbidity and mortality in long-term survivors of childhood cancer, likely due to exposure to anthracycline chemotherapy, and outcomes in patients with anthracycline-related cardiomyopathy remain poor. Some progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms at the basis of anthracycline-related cardiomyopathy, which appear to involve generation of reactive oxygen species, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, followed by myocyte apoptosis and maladaptive left ventricular remodeling. Even if several guidelines currently exist for monitoring cancer patients treated with cardiotoxic therapies who are at high risk for heart failure, much work remains to be done in finding reliable markers for screening for cardiac dysfunction. Studies from our group have identified alterations in L-carnitine in cancer survivors. While additional investigations are needed, preliminary studies suggest a role for carnitine in primary prevention (during treatment) and secondary prevention (to improve function after treatment).

scholarly journals Evaluation of different late left ventricular remodeling definitions for predicting long-term outcomes in acute myocardial infarction patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Zhang ◽  
X Xie ◽  
C He ◽  
X Lin ◽  
M Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Ventricular Remodeling ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Left Ventricular Remodeling ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Long Term Mortality

Abstract Background Late left ventricular remodeling (LLVR) after the index acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a common complication, and is associated with poor outcome. However, the optimal definition of LLVR has been debated because of its different incidence and influence on prognosis. At present, there are limited data regarding the influence of different LLVR definitions on long-term outcomes in AMI patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Purpose To explore the impact of different definitions of LLVR on long-term mortality, re-hospitalization or an urgent visit for heart failure, and identify which definition was more suitable for predicting long-term outcomes in AMI patients undergoing PCI. Methods We prospectively observed 460 consenting first-time AMI patients undergoing PCI from January 2012 to December 2018. LLVR was defined as a ≥20% increase in left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), or a >15% increase in left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV) from the initial presentation to the 3–12 months follow-up, or left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <50% at follow up. These parameters of the cardiac structure and function were measuring through the thoracic echocardiography. The association of LLVR with long-term prognosis was investigated by Cox regression analysis. Results The incidence rate of LLVR was 38.1% (n=171). The occurrence of LLVR according to LVESV, LVEDV and LVEF definition were 26.6% (n=117), 31.9% (n=142) and 11.5% (n=51), respectively. During a median follow-up of 2 years, after adjusting other potential risk factors, multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed LLVR of LVESV definition [hazard ratio (HR): 2.50, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.19–5.22, P=0.015], LLVR of LVEF definition (HR: 16.46, 95% CI: 6.96–38.92, P<0.001) and LLVR of Mix definition (HR: 5.86, 95% CI: 2.45–14.04, P<0.001) were risk factors for long-term mortality, re-hospitalization or an urgent visit for heart failure. But only LLVR of LVEF definition was a risk predictor for long-term mortality (HR: 6.84, 95% CI: 1.98–23.65, P=0.002). Conclusions LLVR defined by LVESV or LVEF may be more suitable for predicting long-term mortality, re-hospitalization or an urgent visit for heart failure in AMI patients undergoing PCI. However, only LLVR defined by LVEF could be used for predicting long-term mortality. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None. Association Between LLVR and outcomes Kaplan-Meier Estimates of the Mortality

Abstract 865: Gata-4 Is An Angiogenic Survival Factor Of The Infarcted Heart

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olli Tenhunen ◽  
Hanna Leskinen ◽  
Raisa Serpi ◽  
Jaana Rysä ◽  
Harri Pennanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Dna Binding ◽  
Ventricular Remodeling ◽  
Left Ventricular Remodeling ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Cardiac Stem Cells

Recent data suggest that the cardiac-restricted transcription factor GATA-4 is an anti-apoptotic factor required for adaptive responses as well as a key regulator of hypertrophy and hypertrophy-associated genes in the heart. As a leading cause of chronic heart failure, reversal of post-infarction left ventricular remodeling represents an important target for therapeutic interventions. Here we studied the role of GATA-4 as a mediator of post-infarction remodeling. Rats were subjected to experimental myocardial infarction (MI) by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). Ligation of the LAD decreased the DNA binding activity of GATA-4 by 69 % at day 1 after MI (P<0.001, n=7– 8) as assessed by gel mobility shift assays. At 2 weeks the GATA-4 DNA binding was significantly upregulated (2.4-fold, P<0.05, n=7), and returned to baseline at 4 weeks. To determine the functional role of GATA-4, rats underwent LAD ligation followed by peri-infarct intramyocardial delivery of adenoviral vector expressing GATA-4. Hearts treated with the GATA-4 gene transfer exhibited significantly increased ejection fraction (58±5% vs. 38±3% in LacZ-treated control animals with MI, P<0.001, n=8 –9) and fractional shortening (28±3% vs. 16±1%, P<0.001, n=8 –9) 2 weeks after MI. Accordingly, the infarct size was significantly reduced (26±4% vs. 45±4%, P<0.01, n=8 –9). To determine the cardioprotective mechanisms of GATA-4, the number of cardiac stem cells, apoptotic cardiomyocytes and capillaries were assessed. The number of capillaries (59±4/field vs. 48±3/field, P<0.051, n=7– 8) and c-kit positive stem cells (13±5 cells vs. 4±2 cells, P<0.05, n=7– 8) were increased in GATA-4 treated hearts, and a tendency to decreased apoptosis was observed in TUNEL-stained histological sections. These results indicate that the reversal of reduced GATA-4 activity prevents adverse post-infarction remodeling through increased angiogenesis, recruitment of cardiac stem cells and anti-apoptosis. GATA-4-based gene transfer may represent a novel, efficient therapeutic approach for heart failure.

scholarly journals Extracellular Matrix Turnover Biomarkers Predict Long-Term Left Ventricular Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1199-1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romain Eschalier ◽  
Marie Fertin ◽  
Renaud Fay ◽  
Christophe Bauters ◽  
Faïez Zannad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Ventricular Remodeling ◽  
Left Ventricular Remodeling ◽  
Left Ventricular

Beneficial Effects of Adrenomedullin on Left Ventricular Remodeling after Myocardial Infarction in Rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. S30
Author(s):  
Ryosai Nakamura ◽  
Johji Kato ◽  
Takuroh Imamura ◽  
Kazuo Kitamura ◽  
Tanenao Eto
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Ventricular Remodeling ◽  
Left Ventricular Remodeling ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Beneficial Effects
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