Lipid and lipoprotein profile in women with polycystic ovary syndromeThis article is one of a selection of papers published in the special issue Bridging the Gap: Where Progress in Cardiovascular and Neurophysiologic Research Meet.

2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djuro Macut ◽  
Dimitrios Panidis ◽  
Biljana Glišić ◽  
Nikolaos Spanos ◽  
Milan Petakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Oxidized Ldl ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Ldl Oxidation ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homa Index ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Increased Risk

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder characterized by obesity-related risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The objective of our study was to determine values of key lipid and lipoprotein fractions in PCOS, and their possible relation to insulin resistance. A total of 75 women with PCOS (aged 23.1 ± 5.1 years, BMI 24.9 ± 4.7 kg/m2), and 56 age- and BMI-matched controls were investigated. In all subjects, basal glucose, cholesterol (total, HDL, and LDL), oxidized LDL (OxLDL), triglycerides, apolipoprotein (apo)A1, apoB, and apoE, nonesterified fatty acids, insulin, testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index, and free androgen index were determined in the follicular phase of the cycle. PCOS patients compared with controls had increased indices of insulin resistance, basal insulin (p < 0.001), and HOMA index (p < 0.001), and worsened insulin resistance-related dyslipidemia with decreased HDL cholesterol (p < 0.01), elevated triglycerides (p = 0.010), and pronounced LDL oxidation (p < 0.001). In conclusion, characteristic dyslipidemia of insulin resistance and unfavorable proatherogenic lipoprotein ratios were present only in women with PCOS and not in controls. Elevated OxLDL and the relation of apoE and nonesterified fatty acids with insulin resistance suggest that women with PCOS are at increased risk for premature atherosclerosis.

A Copeptin as a Predictor Marker for Insulin Resistance Among Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaa Ibrahim Ali ◽  
Wassan Nori Mohammed Hassan ◽  
Sumaya Alrawi
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Transvaginal Ultrasound ◽  
Predictive Marker ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Wide Range

Background: A polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine syndrome in which women have a wide range of clinical presentations; insulin resistance was linked to its pathogenesis. Objective: We aimed to investigate the copeptin role as a predictive marker of insulin resistance among PCOS women. Material and Methods: In University Hospital, we included 280 women, with 140 of them being healthy controls. 140 out of 280 cases of PCOS subdivided into two groups depending on the insulin resistance; group 1 with homeostasis model assessment for the insulin resistance < 2.5. Group 2 with homeostasis model assessment for the insulin resistance >2.5. The evaluation of body mass index and blood pressure for all besides the blood sampling for estimation of a follicular stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, estradiol, sex hormone-binding globulin, total testosterone, fasting insulin dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, C-reactive protein, plasma glucose, free androgen index, and plasma copeptin using the Copeptin-Human EIA Kit besides the transvaginal ultrasound for ovarian assessment. Results: When compared to other groups, PCOS women with positive insulin resistance >2.5 had a significantly higher plasma copeptin level. The ROC curve calculated a 1.94 pmol/L; plasma copeptin cutoff value for detecting the insulin resistance in PCOS with 88% sensitivity value and 36% specificity, AUC was 0.88. Conclusion: The significant positive relationship between serum copeptin and insulin resistance with high sensitivity implies its usefulness as a marker of insulin resistance among PCOS patients with a high prediction of its complication.

scholarly journals PCOS without hyperandrogenism is associated with higher plasma Trimethylamine N-oxide levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiayu Huang ◽  
Lin Liu ◽  
Chunyan Chen ◽  
Ying Gao
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Predictive Biomarker ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Abstract Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine and metabolic disorder, and its pathogenesis is still under debate. Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is a small, organic compound generated by the gut microbiome with a hypothesized relation to insulin resistance (IR) and low-grade inflammation in PCOS. By comparing plasma TMAO levels in non-PCOS participants and PCOS patients without hyperandrogenism (HA), we aimed to determine whether plasma TMAO levels correlate with PCOS without HA and to analyze their relationship with low-grade inflammation and IR. Methods A total of 27 PCOS patients without HA and 23 non-PCOS participants were enrolled in this study and subdivided into “nonobese” and “obese” arms for each group. Levels of plasma TMAO were quantified, and basic clinical characteristics and plasma biomarkers of inflammation were assessed. Results First, plasma TMAO levels, insulin levels and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values were higher in PCOS patients without HA, especially in the obese subgroup. Second, the levels of the inflammatory factors interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-18 and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) were significantly increased in obese PCOS patients without HA. Third, plasma TMAO levels were associated with body mass index (BMI) in the normal-weight groups, and the obese groups had higher fasting plasma insulin (FINS) and HOMA-IR values. Finally, logistic regression showed that the plasma levels of TMAO and luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone (LH/FSH) were independent predictors of PCOS and indicated an increased risk of PCOS. Conclusions Elevated plasma TMAO levels may be associated with the pathogenesis of PCOS without HA and correlated with increased systemic inflammation. Further studies are needed to determine the suitability of TMAO as a predictive biomarker and to identify possible therapies for PCOS.

scholarly journals Adrenal hyperandrogenism does not deteriorate insulin resistance and lipid profile in women with PCOS

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 601-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stavroula A Paschou ◽  
Eleni Palioura ◽  
Dimitrios Ioannidis ◽  
Panagiotis Anagnostis ◽  
Argyro Panagiotakou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Metabolic Parameter ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Free Androgen Index ◽  
Adrenal Hyperandrogenism ◽  
The Impact

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of adrenal hyperandrogenism on insulin resistance and lipid profile in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Patients and methods We studied 372 women with PCOS according to the NIH criteria. 232 age- and BMI-matched women served as controls in order to define adrenal hyperandrogenism (DHEA-S >95th percentile). Then, patients with PCOS were classified into two groups: with adrenal hyperandrogenism (PCOS-AH, n = 108) and without adrenal hyperandrogenism (PCOS-NAH, n = 264). Anthropometric measurements were recorded. Fasting plasma glucose, insulin, lipid profile, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and androgen (TT, Δ4A, DHEA-S) concentrations were assessed. Free androgen index (FAI) and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index were calculated. Results Women with PCOS-AH were younger than PCOS-NAH (P < 0.001), but did not differ in the degree and type of obesity. No differences were found in HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c and triglyceride concentrations (in all comparisons, P > 0.05). These metabolic parameters did not differ between the two groups even after correction for age. Women with PCOS-AH had lower SHBG (29.2 ± 13.8 vs 32.4 ± 11.8 nmol/L, P = 0.025) and higher TT (1.0 ± 0.2 vs 0.8 ± 0.4 ng/mL, P = 0.05) and Δ4A (3.9 ± 1.2 vs 3.4 ± 1.0 ng/mL, P = 0.007) concentrations, as well as FAI (14.1 ± 8.0 vs 10.2 ± 5.0, P < 0.001). These results were confirmed by a multiple regression analysis model in which adrenal hyperandrogenism was negatively associated with age (P < 0.001) and SHBG concentrations (P = 0.02), but not with any metabolic parameter. Conclusions Women with PCOS and adrenal hyperandrogenism do not exhibit any deterioration in insulin resistance and lipid profile despite the higher degree of total androgens.

scholarly journals Racial and Ethnic Differences in Metabolic Disease in Adolescents With Obesity and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley Andrisse ◽  
Yesenia Garcia-Reyes ◽  
Laura Pyle ◽  
Megan M Kelsey ◽  
Kristen J Nadeau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
General Population ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Ovary Syndrome

Abstract Context Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is common and associated with metabolic syndrome. In the general population, metabolic disease varies by race and ethnicity. Objective This work aimed to examine in depth the interaction of race and ethnicity with PCOS-related metabolic disease in adolescent youth. Methods A secondary analysis was conducted of data from girls (age 12-21 years) with overweight or obesity (&gt; 90 body mass index [BMI] percentile) and PCOS. Measurements included fasting hormone and metabolic measures, a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and magnetic resonance imaging for hepatic fat. Groups were categorized by race or ethnicity. Results Participants included 39 non-Hispanic White (NHW, age 15.7 ± 0.2 years; BMI 97.7 ± 0.2 percentile), 50 Hispanic (HW, 15.2 ± 0.3 years; 97.9 ± 0.3 percentile), and 12 non-Hispanic Black (NHB, 16.0 ± 0.6 years; 98.6 ± 0.4 percentile) adolescents. Hepatic markers of insulin resistance were worse in NHW, including lower sex hormone–binding globulin and higher triglycerides over high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TGs/HDL-C) ratio (P = .002 overall, HW vs NHB [P = .009] vs NHW [P = 0.020]), although homeostasis model assessment of estimated insulin resistance was worst in NHB (P = .010 overall, NHW vs NHB P = .014). Fasting and 2-hour OGTT glucose were not different between groups, although glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was lowest in NHW (overall P &lt; .001, NHW 5.2 ± 0.3 vs HW 5.5 ± 0.3 P &lt; .001 vs 5.7 ± 0.4%, P &lt; .001). The frequency of hepatic steatosis (HW 62%, NHW 42%, NHB 25%, P = .032); low HDL-C &lt; 40 mg/dL (HW 82%, NHW 61%, NHB 50%, P &lt; .001) and prediabetes HbA1c 5.7% to 6.4% (NHB 50%, HW 36%, NHW 5%, P &lt; .001) were different between the groups. Conclusion Adolescents with PCOS appear to show similar racial and ethnic variation to the general population in terms of metabolic disease components.

scholarly journals A Combined Therapy with Myo-Inositol and D-Chiro-Inositol Improves Endocrine Parameters and Insulin Resistance in PCOS Young Overweight Women

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Benelli ◽  
Scilla Del Ghianda ◽  
Caterina Di Cosmo ◽  
Massimo Tonacchera
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Homa Index ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Overweight Women ◽  
Endocrine Parameters ◽  
Estradiol Levels

Introduction.We evaluated the effects of a therapy that combines myo-inositol (MI) and D-chiro-inositol (DCI) in young overweight women affected by polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), characterized by oligo- or anovulation and hyperandrogenism, correlated to insulin resistance.Methods.We enrolled 46 patients affected by PCOS and, randomly, we assigned them to two groups, A and B, treated, respectively, with the association of MI plus DCI, in a 40 : 1 ratio, or with placebo (folic acid) for six months. Thus, we analyzed pretreatment and posttreatment FSH, LH, 17-beta-Estradiol, Sex Hormone Binding Globulin, androstenedione, free testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, HOMA index, and fasting glucose and insulin.Results.We recorded a statistically significant reduction of LH, free testosterone, fasting insulin, and HOMA index only in the group treated with the combined therapy of MI plus DCI; in the same patients, we observed a statistically significant increase of 17-beta-Estradiol levels.Conclusions.The combined therapy of MI plus DCI is effective in improving endocrine and metabolic parameters in young obese PCOS affected women.

scholarly journals Role of adipokines and nonesterified fatty acids in the development of insulin resistance

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Tanyanskiy ◽  
E M. Firova ◽  
L. V. Shatilina ◽  
A. D. Denisenko
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Homa Index ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids

The purpose of the study was to reveal a possible role of adipokines, biologically active adipose tissue proteins (leptin and adiponectin) and nonesterified fatty acids in generating insulin resistance (IR). One hundred and fifty-seven patients (90 females and 67 males) aged 57.5±9.2 years were enrolled in the study. According to the HOMA index for IR, the patients were divided into 3 equal groups. The examinees with a high HOMA index were found to have elevated levels of fatty acids, leptin and decreased concentrations of adiponectin. At the same time according to the linear regression analysis, all these indices are its independent determinants. However, analysis of the data in the groups of patients with different body weight revealed that the increased concentrations of fatty acids and leptin may play a role in the development of IR in subjects with obesity while the higher level of fatty acids and lower adiponectin may be involved in patients without noticeable obesity. Thus, it may be assumed that leptin, adiponectin and nonesterified fatty acids may affect the development of IR; however, their contribution depends on the degree of adiposity.

scholarly journals Identification of a Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Susceptibility Variant in Fibrillin-3 and Association with a Metabolic Phenotype

2007 ◽  
Vol 92 (11) ◽  
pp. 4191-4198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margrit Urbanek ◽  
Susan Sam ◽  
Richard S. Legro ◽  
Andrea Dunaif
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Academic Medical Center ◽  
Susceptibility Locus ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Metabolic Abnormalities ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Context: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most common reproductive endocrine disorder of premenopausal women, is also associated with metabolic abnormalities including insulin resistance and an increased risk for diabetes mellitus. We previously mapped a PCOS susceptibility locus to chromosome 19p13.2 near the dinucleotide repeat marker D19S884. Objective: Our objective is to localize the chromosome 19p13.2 PCOS susceptibility locus and determine its impact on metabolic features of PCOS. Design: Resequencing and family-based association testing were used to examine the effect of sequence variation within 100 kb of D19S884 on the reproductive and metabolic phenotypes of PCOS. Setting: The study was conducted in an academic medical center. Subjects: Genetic analyses were performed on DNA obtained from1723 individuals in 412 families with 412 index cases and 43 affected sisters of predominantly European origin (&gt;94%). Genotype-phenotype associations were assessed in 601 women with PCOS and 168 brothers of affected women. Results: D19S884 allele 8 (A8) within intron 55 of the fibrillin-3 (FBN3) gene showed the strongest evidence for association with PCOS of 53 variants tested (Pcorrected = 0.0037). A8 was also associated with higher levels of fasting insulin and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance in women with PCOS and higher fasting levels of proinsulin and proinsulin/insulin ratio in brothers. Conclusions: These findings strongly suggest that A8 of D19S884 is the chromosome 19p13.2 PCOS susceptibility locus. The association of D19S884 with markers of insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction suggests that the same variant contributes to the reproductive and metabolic abnormalities of PCOS in affected women and their brothers.

scholarly journals Associations Between Sex Steroids and the Development of Metabolic Syndrome: A Longitudinal Study in European Men

2015 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 1396-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leen Antonio ◽  
Frederick C. W. Wu ◽  
Terence W. O'Neill ◽  
Stephen R. Pye ◽  
Emma L. Carter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Lower Baseline ◽  
Increased Risk

Context: Low testosterone (T) has been associated with incident metabolic syndrome (MetS), but it remains unclear if this association is independent of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). Estradiol (E2) may also be associated with MetS, but few studies have investigated this. Objective: To study the association between baseline sex steroids and the development of incident MetS and to investigate the influence of SHBG, body mass index (BMI) and insulin resistance on this risk. Methods: Three thousand three hundred sixty nine community-dwelling men aged 40–79 years were recruited for participation in EMAS. MetS was defined by the updated NCEP ATP III criteria. Testosterone and E2 levels were measured by liquid and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, respectively. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between sex steroids and incident MetS. Results: One thousand six hundred fifty one men without MetS at baseline were identified. During follow-up, 289 men developed incident MetS, while 1362 men did not develop MetS. Men with lower baseline total T levels were at higher risk for developing MetS [odds ratio (OR) = 1.72, P &lt; .001), even after adjustment for SHBG (OR = 1.43, P = .001), BMI (OR = 1.44, P &lt; .001) or homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (OR = 1.64, P &lt; .001). E2 was not associated with development of MetS (OR = 1.04; P = .56). However, a lower E2/T ratio was associated with a lower risk of incident MetS (OR = 0.38; P &lt; .001), even after adjustment for SHBG (OR = 0.48; P &lt; .001), BMI (OR = 0.60; P = .001) or HOMA-IR (OR = 0.41; P &lt; .001). Conclusions: In men, lower T levels, but not E2, are linked with an increased risk of developing MetS, independent of SHBG, BMI or insulin resistance. A lower E2/T ratio may be protective against developing MetS.

scholarly journals Individual free fatty acids have unique associations with inflammatory biomarkers, insulin resistance and insulin secretion in healthy and gestational diabetic pregnant women

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e000632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinhua Chen ◽  
T Peter Stein ◽  
Robert A Steer ◽  
Theresa O Scholl
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Increased Risk

ObjectiveWe investigated the relationships of maternal circulating individual free fatty acids (FFA) with insulin resistance, insulin secretion and inflammatory biomarkers during mid-pregnancy.Research design and methodsThe data were drawn from a prospective cohort of generally healthy pregnant women (n=1368, African-American 36%, Hispanic 48%, Caucasian 16%) in Camden, NJ. We quantitatively determined 11 FFAs, seven cytokine/adipokine, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and C-peptide levels from the fasting blood samples that were collected at 16 weeks of gestation. Multivariate analyses were performed along with separate analyses for each individual FFA.ResultsHigh HOMA-IR (p<0.001) and C-peptide (p<0.0001) levels were positively associated with a twofold to fourfold increased risk for developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Negative relationships were found with specific FFAs (molecular percentage, palmitoleic, oleic, linolenic, myristic acids) and HOMA-IR and C-peptide levels (p<0.01 to p<0.0001). In contrast, palmitic, stearic, arachidonic, dihomo-γ-linolenic (DGLA) and docosahexaenoic acids were positively associated with HOMA-IR and C-peptide (p<0.01 to p<0.0001). The individual FFAs also predicted cytokine/adipokine levels. For example, women who had elevated DGLA (highest quartile) were twice as (adjusted OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.42 to 2.98) likely to have higher interleukin (IL)-8 (p<0.0001) levels. Conversely, women with high palmitoleic, oleic, and linolenic acid levels had reduced odds (≥2-fold, p<0.01 to p<0.001) for having higher IL-8, IL-6 or tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels.ConclusionOur results suggest that maternal individual FFAs uniquely affect insulin resistance and secretion. The effects are either direct or indirect via modulation of the inflammatory response. Modifying the composition of FFAs may help in reducing the risk of GDM.

Early Renal Dysfunction in Obese Patients with Insulin Resistance

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-265
Author(s):  
Natalia Pertseva ◽  
Mariia Rokutova
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Renal Dysfunction ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Glomerular Hyperfiltration ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homa Index ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment

Abstract Background and aims. Obese individuals have insulin resistance status assessed in the present study by the HOMA index (“Homeostasis model assessment”). This prospective study assessed renal disorders in the insulin resistance in obese patients. Material and Methods. The study included 73 young obese patients. The assessment included the HOMA index before meal and parameters of renal function (glomerular filtration rate, albuminuria, β2-microglobulinuria). Results. In young obese, insulin-resistance patients, glomerular hyperfiltration and β2-microglobulinuria are found in 77.0 and 93.4% of cases respectively. The albuminuria is noted in some cases, which reduces diagnostic value. Conclusions. In young obese patients with insulin resistance, glomerular hyperfiltration and β2-microglobulinuria are main diagnostic markers of renal dysfunction.

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