Cholesterol-induced stimulation of platelet aggregation is prevented by a hempseed-enriched dietThis article is one of a selection of papers published in the special issue Bridging the Gap: Where Progress in Cardiovascular and Neurophysiologic Research Meet.

2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 153-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Prociuk ◽  
A.L. Edel ◽  
M.N. Richard ◽  
N.T. Gavel ◽  
B.P. Ander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Elevated Plasma ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Regular Control ◽  
Stimulation Of

Hypercholesterolemia indirectly increases the risk for myocardial infarction by enhancing the ability of platelets to aggregate. Diets enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been shown to reduce the detrimental effects of cholesterol on platelet aggregation. This study investigated whether dietary hempseed, a rich source of PUFAs, inhibits platelet aggregation under normal and hypercholesterolemic conditions. Male New Zealand white rabbits were fed one of 6 dietary interventions: regular control diet (RG); control diet + 10% hempseed (HP); control diet + 10% partially delipidated hempseed (DHP); control diet + 0.5% cholesterol (OL); control diet + 0.5% cholesterol + 10% hempseed (OLHP); control diet + 5% coconut oil (CO). After 8 weeks, blood was collected to measure ADP- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation and plasma levels of fatty acids, cholesterol, and triglycerides. The hempseed-fed animals (HP and OLHP) displayed elevated plasma levels of PUFAs and a prominent enhancement in 18:3n-6 (γ-linolenic acid, GLA) levels, a unique PUFA found in hempseed. The cholesterol-supplemented groups (OL and OLHP) had significantly elevated plasma levels of cholesterol and triglycerides, but platelet aggregation was significantly augmented only in the OL group. The addition of hempseed to this diet (OLHP) normalized aggregation. The direct addition of GLA to the OL platelet samples blocked the cholesterol-induced stimulation of platelet aggregation. The results of this study demonstrate that when hempseed is added to a cholesterol-enriched diet, cholesterol-induced platelet aggregation returns to control levels. This normalization is not due to a reduction in plasma cholesterol levels, but may be partly due to increased levels of plasma GLA.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary fats rich in lauric, myristic, palmitic, oleic or linoleic acid on plasma, hepatic and biliary lipids in cholesterol-fed hamsters

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 605-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elke A. Trautwein ◽  
Angelika Kunath-Rau ◽  
Juliane Dietrich ◽  
Stephan Drusch ◽  
Helmut F. Erbersdobler
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Palm Stearin ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Cholesterol Gallstones ◽  
Biliary Lipids ◽  
Sunflowerseed Oil

Effects of different dietary fats on plasma, hepatic and biliary lipids were determined in male golden Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) fed on purified diets for 7 weeks. Diets were made by blending different fats containing characteristic fatty acids: butter (14:0 + 16:0), palm stearin (16:0), coconut oil (12:0 + 14:0), rapeseed oil (18:1), olive oil (18:l) and sunflowerseed oil (18:2). In all diets except the sunflowerseed oil diet dietary 18:2 was held constant at 2% energy. Total fat supplied 12% of energy and cholesterol was added at 4 g/kg diet. Plasma cholesterol and triacyglycerol concentrations were increased by dietary cholesterol. After 7 weeks, plasma cholesterol concentrations were highest with the palm Stearin, coconut oil and olive oil diets (8·9, 8·9 and 9·2 mmol/l) and lowest with the rapeseed oil and sdowerseed oil diets (6·7 and 5·5 mmol/l) while the butter diet was intermediate (8·5 mmol/l). Hepatic cholesterol concentration was highest in hamsters fed on the olive oil diet and lowest with the palm stearin diet (228v. 144 µmol/g liver). Biliary lipids, lithogenic index and bile acid profile of the gall-bladder bile did not differ significantly among the six diets. Although the gallstone incidence was generally low in this study, three out of 10 hamsters fed on the palm stearin diet developed cholesterol gallstones. In contrast, no cholesterol gallstones were found with the other diets. Rapeseed and dowerseed oils caused the lowest plasma cholesterol and triacyglycerol concentrations whereas olive oil failed to demonstrate a cholesterol-lowering effect compared with diets rich in saturated fatty acids. Since 18:2 was kept constant at 2% of energy in all diets, the different responses to rapeseed and olive oils could possibly be attributed to their different contents of 16:0 (5·6 %v. 12·8% respectively). Other possible explanations are discussed.

6 Elevated plasma levels of non-esterified fatty acids in essential hypertension

1988 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. S693 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G.P. Swarts ◽  
S. J. Graafsma ◽  
F. M.A.H. Schuurmans Stekhoven ◽  
A. F.J. de Haan ◽  
Theo Thie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Elevated Plasma ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Replacement of dietary saturated fat with monounsaturated fat: effect on atherogenesis in cholesterol-fed rabbits clamped at the same plasma cholesterol level

1995 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars B. Nielsen ◽  
Per Leth-Espensen ◽  
Børge G. Nordestgaard ◽  
Eline Forged ◽  
Knud Kjeldsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Cholesterol ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Monounsaturated Fat ◽  
Aortic Cholesterol

The aim was to compare the effect on atherogenesis of dietary monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids in cholesterol-clamped rabbits. To obtain an average plasma cholesterol concentration of 20 mmol/l in each rabbit during the 13-week cholesterol-feeding period, dietary cholesterol was adjusted weekly. The amount of fat fed daily was 10 g per rabbit in Expts A (n 23), C (n 36), and D (n 58) and 5 g per rabbit in Expt B (n 24). The source of monounsaturated fatty acids was olive oil in all four experiments. The source of saturated fatty acids was butter in Expt A, lard in Expt B, coconut oil in Expt C, and butter or lard in Expt D. Generally, olive oil-fed groups received more cholesterol and tended to have more cholesterol in VLDL and less in LDL compared with groups receiving saturated fat. Analysis of variance of the combined results of all four experiments showed that, in comparison with saturated fat, olive oil lowered aortic cholesterol by 13 (−9–30, 95% confidence interval) % in the aortic arch, and by 10 (−10–26) % in the thoracic aorta, which was not significant. In the comparison with olive oil, no differences in effects on aortic cholesterol content were detected between butter, lard and coconut oil. These findings do not support the view that replacement of dietary saturated fat with olive oil has a major impact on the development of atherosclerosis in addition to that accounted for by changes in plasma cholesterol levels.

Platelet Aggregation in Type 2 (Non-Insulin Dependent) Diabetes is Associated with Plasma Cholesterol and Platelet Fatty Acids

1984 ◽  
Vol 67 (s9) ◽  
pp. 66P-67P
Author(s):  
D.B. Jones ◽  
B. Haitas ◽  
E.G. Bown ◽  
R.D. Carter ◽  
K. Barker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Dependent

scholarly journals The effects of dietary omega 3 fatty acids on platelet composition and function in man: a prospective, controlled study

Blood ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 880-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
SH Jr Goodnight ◽  
WS Harris ◽  
WE Connor
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Platelet Function ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease ◽  
And Function

The rarity of atherosclerotic vascular disease and a mild bruising tendency in Greenland Eskimos has been linked to their ingestion of omega 3 fatty acids contained in foods obtained from the sea. Previous studies have shown that feeding salmon oil to normal volunteers resulted in reductions of plasma cholesterol and triglycerides. We wished to learn whether salmon oil feeding would result in the incorporation of omega 3 fatty acids into platelets and whether platelet function or platelet-vessel interaction would be altered. Diets containing salmon oils led to the incorporation of eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5 omega 3) into platelets (6.1%) with a reduction in arachidonic acid (C20:4 omega 6). The ratio of C20:5/C20:4 increased from 0.0045 on the control diet to 0.3 on the salmon diet. Bleeding times were prolonged (from 6.75 to 10 min, p less than 0.005), platelet retention on glass beads was mildly reduced (from 89% to 78%, p less than 0.0005), and platelet aggregation in response to dilute concentrations of ADP was inhibited in the subjects ingesting the salmon oil. We conclude that in normal subjects dietary omega 2 fatty acids derived from salmon oil are incorporated into platelet phospholipids and that these changes are accompanied by alterations in bleeding time and platelet function.

PLANT STEROLS, DEGREE OF UNSATURATION, AND HYPOCHOLESTEROLEMIC ACTION OF CERTAIN FATS

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 895-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. R. Beveridge ◽  
W. Ford Connell ◽  
G. A. Mayer ◽  
H. L. Haust
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Simple Relationship ◽  
Hypocholesterolemic Effect ◽  
Short Chain Length ◽  
Degree Of Unsaturation ◽  
Hypocholesterolemic Action

Dietary experiments in which food was supplied in the form of a homogeneous liquid formula ration of definitely known composition have been performed on 171 subjects (159 men and 12 women, university students).During an initial period of 8 days all subjects ate the same ration and then groups of 8 to 12 individuals were given rations varying in respect of the fat moiety for a further 8 days. Plasma cholesterol analyses were performed at day 0, 4, 8, 12, and 16.The results obtained were interpreted as indicating that: firstly, there is no simple relationship between the hypocholesterolemic effect of an oil and degree of unsaturation; secondly, sitosterol or something closely associated with this sterol in the unsaponifiable matter accounts for a large part of the hypocholesterolemic activity of corn oil; and thirdly, certain fatty acids of short chain length or some other substance in butterfat and coconut oil have a hypercholesterolemic effect.

scholarly journals The effects of dietary omega 3 fatty acids on platelet composition and function in man: a prospective, controlled study

Blood ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 880-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
SH Jr Goodnight ◽  
WS Harris ◽  
WE Connor
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Platelet Function ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease ◽  
And Function

Abstract The rarity of atherosclerotic vascular disease and a mild bruising tendency in Greenland Eskimos has been linked to their ingestion of omega 3 fatty acids contained in foods obtained from the sea. Previous studies have shown that feeding salmon oil to normal volunteers resulted in reductions of plasma cholesterol and triglycerides. We wished to learn whether salmon oil feeding would result in the incorporation of omega 3 fatty acids into platelets and whether platelet function or platelet-vessel interaction would be altered. Diets containing salmon oils led to the incorporation of eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5 omega 3) into platelets (6.1%) with a reduction in arachidonic acid (C20:4 omega 6). The ratio of C20:5/C20:4 increased from 0.0045 on the control diet to 0.3 on the salmon diet. Bleeding times were prolonged (from 6.75 to 10 min, p less than 0.005), platelet retention on glass beads was mildly reduced (from 89% to 78%, p less than 0.0005), and platelet aggregation in response to dilute concentrations of ADP was inhibited in the subjects ingesting the salmon oil. We conclude that in normal subjects dietary omega 2 fatty acids derived from salmon oil are incorporated into platelet phospholipids and that these changes are accompanied by alterations in bleeding time and platelet function.

scholarly journals Stimulation of neutrophil functions by C5adesArg: an in vitro model of haemodialysis

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
I. Eckle ◽  
G. Kolb ◽  
E. Martinez Martin ◽  
K. Havemann
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Enzyme Release ◽  
Elevated Plasma ◽  
Autologous Plasma ◽  
Oxidative Burst Activity ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Pmn Functions ◽  
Stimulation Of

Cuprophane membranes during haemodialysis significantly increase the plasma levels of C5adesArg(maximal 55 μg C5aadesArg/1 blood after 30 min) whereas Hemophane or Polysulphonemembranes induce only low plasma levels of C5adesArg. C5adesArggenerated in vitro by yeast incubation of autologous plasma stimulates PMN chemotaxis and oxidative metabolism but has no effect on enzyme release. Preincubation of whole blood with C5adesArgcauses aggregation and changed oxidative burst activity of the isolated PMN. These changes are similar to those found in cells from patients after haemodialysis with cuprophane membranes. So the elevated plasma levels of C5adesArgafter haemodialysis explain some of the changes in PMN functions, but additional mechanisms have to be assumed.

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