Effects of sex hormone levels on aortic vascular reactivity and variables associated with the metabolic syndrome in sucrose-fed female rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 25-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israel Pérez-Torres ◽  
Mohammed El Hafidi ◽  
Oscar Infante ◽  
Guadalupe Baños
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Intact Control ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Sucrose Diet ◽  
Aortic Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Intact Rats

We studied the effect of varying levels of sex hormones, induced by ovariectomy and administration of testosterone or estradiol, on aortic reactivity in female rats with metabolic syndrome (MS) induced by a sucrose diet. Vasoreactivity of aortic rings, blood pressure, intra-abdominal fat, serum triglycerides, nitrates and nitrites, and TBARS were evaluated. Intact MS and ovariectomized MS had higher BP than intact control (C) and ovariectomized C, respectively; estradiol administration decreased BP in ovariectomized MS but not in ovariectomized C. Triglycerides and fat were both higher in MS. Triglycerides were not modified by surgery or hormone treatment, but ovariectomy increased fat. When ovariectomy was combined with hormones, however, fat was reduced to the level of intact rats. Ovariectomy decreased, but hormones increased, serum nitrates and nitrites. Vasoconstriction was larger in intact MS and ovariectomized MS + testosterone aortas than in intact C and ovariectomized C + testosterone, respectively. Vasodilation was reduced in intact MS and ovariectomized MS + testosterone compared with intact C, ovariectomized C + testosterone, ovariectomized MS, and ovariectomized MS + estradiol. The results suggest endothelial dysfunction in intact MS and ovariectomized MS + testosterone, but protection by ovariectomy + estradiol in MS due to hormones. Indomethacin reduced all contractions, but the effect was greater in estradiol-treated rats. l-NAME increased contractility, more in the ovariectomized C and MS groups and less in the estradiol-treated groups.

Serum triglycerides and cancer risk in the metabolic syndrome and cancer (Me-Can) collaborative study

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wegene Borena ◽  
Tanja Stocks ◽  
Håkan Jonsson ◽  
Susanne Strohmaier ◽  
Gabriele Nagel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

scholarly journals Heritability of the risk factors characteristic for the metabolic syndrome: a twin study

2011 ◽  
Vol 152 (32) ◽  
pp. 1265-1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
György Jermendy ◽  
Levente Littvay ◽  
Rita Steinbach ◽  
Ádám Jermendy ◽  
Ádám Tárnoki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Both genetic and environmental factors play role in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome. The magnitude of genetic and environmental influences on the components of metabolic syndrome may vary in different populations. Aims: The present study was aimed to determine the effects of genetic and environmental factors on risk factors characteristic for the metabolic syndrome. Methods: A total of 101 (63 monozygotic and 38 dizygotic) adult twin pairs (n = 202; mean age: 43.3±15.8 years) were investigated. Medical history was recorded and physical examination was carried out for each subject. Fasting venous blood samples were used for measuring laboratory parameters. The presented estimates include the heritability structural equation (A-C-E) model results. In Model-1, all presented parameters are age- and gender- corrected. In Model-2, parameters were corrected for age, gender, body mass index and waist circumference. Results: Heritability in waist circumference (as well as in other anthropometric parameters such as weight and height) was high (Model-1: 71.0–88.1%). Similarly, genetic factors had the highest proportion of total phenotypic variance in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (Model-2: 57.1% and 57.7%, respectively). Based on the results of Model-2, unique environmental factors dominate alterations in serum triglycerides values (55.9%) while shared environmental factors proved to be substantial in alterations of HDL-cholesterol and fasting blood glucose values (58.1% and 57.1%, respectively). Comparing the results of Model-1 and Model-2, the difference in A-C-E model varied from 0.0% to 17.1%, indicating that only a minor proportion of genetic and environmental influences can be explained by the effects of anthropometric parameters. Conclusions: Among adult Hungarian healthy people, genetic factors have substantial influence on waist circumference and blood pressure values while environmental factors dominate alterations in serum triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol and fasting blood glucose values. The different heritability of individual risk factors challenges the original unifying concept of the metabolic syndrome. The results may be useful for establishing and implementing primary cardiovascular prevention both at individual and population levels. Orv. Hetil., 2011, 152, 1265–1271.

scholarly journals Integration of skeletal muscle resistance arteriolar reactivity for perfusion responses in the metabolic syndrome

2009 ◽  
Vol 296 (6) ◽  
pp. R1771-R1782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jefferson C. Frisbee ◽  
John M. Hollander ◽  
Robert W. Brock ◽  
Han-Gang Yu ◽  
Matthew A. Boegehold
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Oxidant Stress ◽  
Zucker Rats ◽  
Minimal Effect ◽  
Metabolic Demand ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
The Impact

Previous study suggests that with evolution of the metabolic syndrome, patterns of arteriolar reactivity are profoundly altered and may constrain functional hyperemia. This study investigated interactions between parameters of vascular reactivity at two levels of resistance arterioles in obese Zucker rats (OZR), translating these observations into perfusion regulation for in situ skeletal muscle. Dilation of isolated and in situ resistance arterioles from OZR to acetylcholine, arachidonic acid (AA), and hypoxia (isolated arterioles only) were blunted vs. lean Zucker rats (LZR), although dilation to adenosine was intact. Increased adrenergic tone (phenylephrine) or intralumenal pressure (ILP) impaired dilation in both strains (OZR>LZR). Treatment of OZR arterioles with Tempol (superoxide dismutase mimetic) or SQ-29548 (prostaglandin H2/thromboxane A2 receptor antagonist) improved dilator reactivity under control conditions and with increased ILP, but had minimal effect with increased adrenergic tone. Arteriolar dilation to adenosine was well maintained in both strains under all conditions. For in situ cremasteric arterioles, muscle contraction-induced elevations in metabolic demand elicited arteriolar dilations and hyperemic responses that were blunted in OZR vs. LZR, although distal parallel arterioles were characterized by heterogeneous dilator and perfusion responses. α-Adrenoreceptor blockade improved outcomes at rest but had minimal effect with elevated metabolic demand. Treatment with Tempol or SQ-29548 had minimal impact at rest, but lessened distal arteriolar perfusion heterogeneity with increased metabolic demand. In blood-perfused gastrocnemius of OZR, perfusion was constrained primarily by adrenergic tone, while myogenic activation and endothelium-dependent dilation did not appear to contribute significantly to ischemia. These results of this novel, integrated approach suggest that adrenergic tone and metabolic dilation are robust determinants of bulk perfusion to skeletal muscle of OZR, while endothelial dysfunction may more strongly regulate perfusion distribution homogeneity via the impact of oxidant stress and AA metabolism.

POSITIVE FEEDBACK ACTION OF OESTRADIOL ON GONADOTROPHIN RELEASE IN 15 DAY OLD FEMALE RATS

1977 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kronibus ◽  
W. Wuttke
Keyword(s):  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Intact Control ◽  
Partial Separation ◽  
Ovx Rats ◽  
Serum Lh ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Intact Rats

ABSTRACT Female rats were ovariectomized (ovx), adrenalectomized (adx) or both (adx-ovx) on day 8 after birth. The serum gonadotrophin concentrations on day 15 were higher in ovx and adx-ovx rats than in sham-operated or untreated controls of the same age. Intact animals on day 15 had higher LH and FSH levels compared with adult, dioestrous levels, and a number of LH peaks were observed. After partial separation of oestradiol (LH 20 column chromatography) from other lipid substances which interfere with the radioimmunoassay for oestradiol, levels of oestradiol were undetectable in ovx and in adx-ovx animals on day 15 but concentrations were relatively high in intact or adx rats. To test whether the high gonadotrophin concentrations in 15-day-old intact rats were due to a positive feedback action of oestradiol, silastic tubes containing different amounts of oestradiol were implanted on day 8 at the time of adrenalectomy and ovariectomy. The mean serum LH and FSH concentrations were increased on day 15 in those animals in which silastic tube implantation resulted in physiological oestradiol levels. These elevated gonadotrophin values were due to a number of peak levels. Injection of 600 μg progesterone on day 15, 8 h before decapitation resulted in high FSH levels in all the implanted animals, whereas LH levels were still variable from one animal to another. This situation is very similar to that in intact control rats and it is concluded that the hypothalamo-pituitary axis in 15-day-old female rats reacts to an oestrogenic stimulus followed by a progestational reaction as does the adult "gonadostat". This would account for the premature, pre-ovulatory type of LH peaks.

Generalized impairment of vasodilator reactivity during hyperinsulinemia in patients with obesity-related metabolic syndrome

2010 ◽  
Vol 299 (6) ◽  
pp. E947-E952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Schinzari ◽  
Manfredi Tesauro ◽  
Valentina Rovella ◽  
Angelica Galli ◽  
Nadia Mores ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Vascular Abnormalities ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Before And After

Defective insulin-dependent vasodilation might contribute importantly to metabolic and vascular abnormalities of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, despite extensive investigation, the precise mechanisms involved in insulin's vasoactive effects have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, this study sought to better characterize insulin's physiological actions on vascular reactivity and their potential derangement in the MetS. Forearm blood flow responses to graded doses of acetylcholine, sodium nitroprusside, and verapamil were assessed by strain-gauge plethysmography in patients with obesity-related MetS ( n = 20) and in matched controls ( n = 18) before and after intra-arterial infusion of insulin (0.2 mU·kg−1·min−1). Possible involvement of increased oxidative stress in the impaired insulin-stimulated vasodilator responsiveness of patients with MetS ( n = 12) was also investigated using vitamin C (25 mg/min). In control subjects, significant potentiation of the vasodilator responses to acetylcholine, nitroprusside, and verapamil was observed after insulin infusion (all P < 0.05). However, no significant change in vasodilator reactivity to either of these drugs was observed following hyperinsulinemia in patients with MetS (all P > 0.05). Interestingly, administration of vitamin C to patients with MetS during hyperinsulinemia significantly enhanced the vasodilator responsiveness to acetylcholine, nitroprusside, and verapamil (all P < 0.05 vs. hyperinsulinemia alone). In conclusion, insulin exerts a generalized facilitatory action on vasodilator reactivity, and this effect is impaired in patients with MetS likely because of increased oxidative stress. Given the importance of vasodilator reactivity in affecting glucose disposal and vascular homeostasis, this defect may then contribute to the development of metabolic and vascular complications in insulin-resistant states.

ADRENAL INVOLVEMENT IN THE TIMING OF PUBERTY IN FEMALE RATS: INTERACTION WITH SERUM PROLACTIN LEVELS

1978 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 590-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie C. Gelato ◽  
J. Meites ◽  
W. Wuttke
Keyword(s):  
Female Rats ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Vaginal Opening ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Intact Control ◽  
Immature Rats ◽  
Timing Of Puberty ◽  
Corticosterone Treatment ◽  
Adrenalectomized Rats ◽  
Intact Rats

ABSTRACT Female Sprague-Dawley derived rats were either sham-operated or adrenalectomized at 20 days of age. Treatment of separate groups of rats with progesterone, corticosterone or prolactin was started at 21 days of age, and was continued until the day of vaginal opening. Similarly treated rats were decapitated at 25, 29 and 33 days of age and at the day of vaginal opening and the sera were collected from each animal and assayed for prolactin, LH and FSH. All rats were decapitated between 4–6 p. m. Adrenalectomy, as previously reported, significantly delayed the day of vaginal opening. Prolactin treatment advanced the day of vaginal opening in intact rats and it restored the day of vaginal opening in adrenalectomized rats to that of intact control rats. Progesterone treatment always delayed the day of vaginal opening in intact rats. It caused an even greater delay in vaginal opening than adrenalectomy alone. Corticosterone treatment, on the other hand, was able to reverse the effect of adrenalectomy but had no effect on vaginal opening in intact rats. In intact rats serum prolactin levels rose steadily until the day of vaginal opening. Adrenalectomized and intact rats treated with progesterone had significantly decreased serum prolactin levels. However, in adrenalectomized corticosterone treated rats serum prolactin levels were significantly increased at all ages measured when compared to the untreated rats. The FSH and LH levels showed no significant changes during any of these experimental procedures. Approximately 50 % of the rats showed LH peaks on the day of vaginal opening as well as an increase in FSH. The data indicate a prolactin-adrenal interaction for the timing of the onset of puberty in immature rats, assuming that the day of vaginal opening in association with increased gonadotrophin levels is an indicator for the occurrence of puberty.

scholarly journals Polysaccharides Obtained from Cordyceps militaris Alleviate Hyperglycemia by Regulating Gut Microbiota in Mice Fed a High-Fat/Sucrose Diet

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1870
Author(s):  
Bao-Hong Lee ◽  
Chia-Hsiu Chen ◽  
Yi-Yun Hsu ◽  
Pei-Ting Chuang ◽  
Ming-Kuei Shih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fruit Body ◽  
Cordyceps Militaris ◽  
Health Food ◽  
High Fat ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽  
Sucrose Diet ◽  
Body Weight Increase

Polysaccharides isolated from fungus Cordyceps militaris display multi-biofunctions, such as immunostimulation, down-regulation of hyperlipidemia, and anti-cancer function. The occurrence of obesity and metabolic syndrome is related to the imbalance of gut microbiota. In this study, the effects of C. militaris and its fractions on modifying metabolic syndrome in mice were evaluated. Mice were fed a high-fat/high-sucrose diet (HFSD) for 14 weeks to induce body weight increase and hyperlipidemia symptoms in mice, and then the mice were simultaneously given a HFSD and C. militaris samples for a further 8 weeks. The results indicated that the fruit body, polysaccharides, and cordycepin obtained from C. militaris had different efficacies on regulating metabolic syndrome and gut microbiota in HFSD-treated mice. Polysaccharides derived from C. militaris decreased the levels of blood sugar and serum lipids in mice fed HFSD. In addition, C. militaris-polysaccharide treatment obviously improved intestinal dysbiosis through promoting the population of next generation probiotic Akkermansia muciniphila in the gut of mice fed HFSD. In conclusion, polysaccharides derived from C. militaris have the potential to act as dietary supplements and health food products for modifying the gut microbiota to improve the metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals MORPHOMETRIC, INSTRUMENTAL AND LABORATORY PARAMETERS OF FEMALE RATS WITH EXPERIMENTAL METABOLIC SYNDROME

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
O. A. Hrygorieva ◽  
Y. V. Korotchuk
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Laboratory Parameters ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Calorie Diet ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
High Calorie Diet ◽  
High Calorie

The aim of the study – to learn the dynamics of changes of morphometric, instrumental and laboratory parameters in mature females rats with experimental metabolic syndrome. Material and Methods. 20 females of white, mature laboratory rats, aged 18–20 months were divided into 2 groups. The first one is an experimental group: 13 female rats with experimental metabolic syndrome; the second one  – control group: 7 intact rats, with standard food and water regime. When working with animals, the standards of the Council of Europe Bioethics Convention 1997, the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals were observed. Instruments used during scientific research were subject to metrological control. The simulation of the metabolic syndrome occurred during 60 days. The females supported a special high-calorie diet (grain with margarine 82 % milk fat, corn and sunflower seeds). The water regime included a 20 % solution of fructose and regular water ad libitum, with change every other day. Also, during the first and the fourth weeks of the experiment, the female daily subcutaneously administered Dexamethasone solution at a dosage of 0.1 mg/kg. Results. Since the beginning of the experiment, female rats who received a special high-calorie diet showed a statistically significant increase in all morphometric and instrumental indexes compared to similar rats in the control group. An increase in body weight in the experimental group was found to be 28.93 % higher than the original weight, was observed arterial hypertension (141/85±5) mmHg, dyslipidemia: elevated total cholesterol (5.37±0.33) mmol/L and TG (2.55±0.24) mmol/L; elevated level glucose (8.52±0.17) mmol/L. The above indicators are criteria indicating the presence of metabolic syndrome in animals under study. Conclusions. The proposed model of experimental metabolic syndrome, which includes subcutaneous administration of Dexamethasone solution at a dosage of 0.1 mg/kg in the first and the fourth weeks of experiment, with a special high calorie diet and a 20 % solution of fructose, is an effective way to reproduce the metabolic syndrome in small rodents.

Effects of pharmacological reversal of hyperuricemia on features of the metabolic syndrome in patients with gouty arthritis

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 1031-1036
Author(s):  
Mariana Marin ◽  
Naim M Maalouf
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Gouty Arthritis ◽  
Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Hyperuricemia has been associated in epidemiological studies with the development of obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether lowering of serum uric acid (UA) alters any of the features of the metabolic syndrome. In this prospective study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01654276), 24 patients with gouty arthritis and hyperuricemia were treated for 6 months with the xanthine oxidase inhibitor febuxostat to lower serum UA to <6 mg/dL. Measurements of 24 hours ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) and serum and urine markers of the metabolic syndrome were measured at baseline and at the end of 6 months of febuxostat. The study population consisted of 18 men and 6 women, 18 of which completed the baseline and 6 months visits. Serum UA decreased significantly from 8.7±1.5 mg/dL at baseline to 4.4±1.1 mg/dL at 6 months (P<0.0001). During that time frame, there was no significant change in body mass index, systolic or diastolic blood pressure measured by 24 hours ABP monitor, serum glucose, insulin or homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, serum total and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, serum triglycerides or urine pH (P>0.05 for all). There was no correlation between parameters of the metabolic syndrome and the decline in serum UA or serum UA achieved at study end. In conclusion, in patients with gouty arthritis, UA lowering with febuxostat below 6 mg/dL had no significant impact on features of the metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Consumption of combined fructose and sucrose diet exacerbates oxidative stress, hypertrophy and CaMKIIδ oxidation in hearts from rats with metabolic syndrome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Julian Arias-Chávez ◽  
Patrick Mailloux-Salinas ◽  
Julio Altamirano ◽  
Fengyang Huang ◽  
Norma Leticia Gómez-Viquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Calcium Calmodulin Dependent ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Sucrose Diet ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Dependent Protein ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its cardiac comorbidities as cardiac hypertrophy (CH) have increased considerably due to the high consumption of carbohydrates, such as sucrose and/or fructose. We compared the effects of sucrose (S), fructose (F) and their combination (S + F) on the development of MetS in weaned male Wistar rats and established the relationship between the consumption of these sugars and the degree of cardiac CH development, oxidative stress (OS) and Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta oxidation (ox-CaMKIIδ). 12 weeks after the beginning of treatments with S, F or S + F, arterial pressure (AP) was measured and 8 weeks later (to complete 20 weeks) the animals were sacrificed and blood samples, visceral adipose tissue and hearts were obtained. Biochemical parameters were determined in serum and cardiac tissue to evaluate the development of MetS and OS. To evaluate CH, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), CaMKIIδ and ox-CaMKIIδ were determined by western blot and histological studies were performed in cardiac tissue. Our data showed that chronic consumption of S + F exacerbates MetS-induced CH which is related with a higher OS and ox-CaMKIIδ.

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