Basal ganglia neural mechanisms of natural movement sequences

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 732-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Wayne Aldridge ◽  
Kent C Berridge ◽  
Alyssa R Rosen
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Sequential Patterns ◽  
Striatal Neurons ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Movement Sequences ◽  
Natural Movement ◽  
Baseline Levels ◽  
Instinctive Behavior ◽  
Complex Movement

Natural rodent grooming and other instinctive behavior serves as a natural model of complex movement sequences. Rodent grooming has syntactic (rule-driven) sequences and more random movement patterns. Both incorporate the same movements—only the serial structure differs. Recordings of neural activity in the dorsolateral striatum and the substantia nigra pars reticulata indicate preferential activation during syntactic sequences over more random sequences. Neurons that are responsive during syntactic grooming sequences are often unresponsive or have reverse activation profiles during kinematically similar movements that occur in flexible or random grooming sequences. Few neurons could be categorized as strictly movement related—instead they were activated only in the context of particular sequential patterns of movements. Particular sequential patterns included "syntactic chain" grooming sequences of paw, head, and body movements and also "warm-up" sequences, which consist of head and body/limb movements that precede locomotion after a period of quiet resting (Golani 1992). Activation during warm-up was less intense and less frequent than during grooming sequences, but both sequences activated neurons above baseline levels, and the same neurons sometimes responded to both sequences. The fact that striatal neurons code 2 natural sequences which are made up of different constituent movements suggests that the basal ganglia may have a generalized role in sequence control. The basal ganglia are modulated by the context of the sequence and may play an executive function in the complex natural patterns of sequenced behaviour.Key words: movement, basal ganglia, striatum, movement sequences, sensorimotor behaviour.

scholarly journals Corticostriatal Plastic Changes in Experimental L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Ghiglieri ◽  
Vincenza Bagetta ◽  
Valentina Pendolino ◽  
Barbara Picconi ◽  
Paolo Calabresi
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Striatal Neurons ◽  
Da Receptors ◽  
Electrophysiological Studies ◽  
Plastic Changes ◽  
Stimulation Of

In Parkinson’s disease (PD), alteration of dopamine- (DA-) dependent striatal functions and pulsatile stimulation of DA receptors caused by the discontinuous administration of levodopa (L-DOPA) lead to a complex cascade of events affecting the postsynaptic striatal neurons that might account for the appearance of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). Experimental models of LID have been widely used and extensively characterized in rodents and electrophysiological studies provided remarkable insights into the inner mechanisms underlying L-DOPA-induced corticostriatal plastic changes. Here we provide an overview of recent findings that represent a further step into the comprehension of mechanisms underlying maladaptive changes of basal ganglia functions in response to L-DOPA and associated to development of LID.

scholarly journals A selective projection from the subthalamic nucleus to parvalbumin-expressing interneurons of the striatum

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishnakanth Kondabolu ◽  
Natalie M. Doig ◽  
Olaoluwa Ayeko ◽  
Bakhtawer Khan ◽  
Alexandra Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Subthalamic Nucleus ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Projection Neurons ◽  
Striatal Neurons ◽  
Primary Input ◽  
Cholinergic Interneurons ◽  
Axonal Connections ◽  
Excitatory Responses

AbstractThe striatum and subthalamic nucleus (STN) are considered to be the primary input nuclei of the basal ganglia. Projection neurons of both striatum and STN can extensively interact with other basal ganglia nuclei, and there is growing anatomical evidence of direct axonal connections from the STN to striatum. There remains, however, a pressing need to elucidate the organization and impact of these subthalamostriatal projections in the context of the diverse cell types constituting the striatum. To address this, we carried out monosynaptic retrograde tracing from genetically-defined populations of dorsal striatal neurons in adult male and female mice, quantifying the connectivity from STN neurons to spiny projection neurons, GABAergic interneurons, and cholinergic interneurons. In parallel, we used a combination of ex vivo electrophysiology and optogenetics to characterize the responses of a complementary range of dorsal striatal neuron types to activation of STN axons. Our tracing studies showed that the connectivity from STN neurons to striatal parvalbumin-expressing interneurons is significantly higher (~ four-to eight-fold) than that from STN to any of the four other striatal cell types examined. In agreement, our recording experiments showed that parvalbumin-expressing interneurons, but not the other cell types tested, commonly exhibited robust monosynaptic excitatory responses to subthalamostriatal inputs. Taken together, our data collectively demonstrate that the subthalamostriatal projection is highly selective for target cell type. We conclude that glutamatergic STN neurons are positioned to directly and powerfully influence striatal activity dynamics by virtue of their enriched innervation of GABAergic parvalbumin-expressing interneurons.

Short article: Effects of interlimb practice on coding and learning of movement sequences

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 1265-1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Panzer ◽  
Thomas Muehlbauer ◽  
Melanie Krueger ◽  
Dirk Buesch ◽  
Falk Naundorf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Role ◽  
Short Article ◽  
Independent Manner ◽  
Contralateral Limb ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Movement Sequences ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Spatial Coordinates ◽  
Element Movement ◽  
Complex Movement

An interlimb practice paradigm was designed to determine the role that visual–spatial (Cartesian) and motor (joint angles, activation patterns) coordinates play in the coding and learning of complex movement sequences. Participants practised a 16-element movement sequence by moving a lever to sequentially presented targets with one limb on Day 1 and the contralateral limb on Day 2. Practice involved the same sequence with either the same visual–spatial or motor coordinates on the two days. A unilateral practice condition (control) was also tested where both coordinate systems were changed but the same limb was used. Retention tests were conducted on Day 3. Regardless of the order in which the limbs were used during practice, results indicated that keeping the visual–spatial coordinates the same during acquisition resulted in superior retention. This provides strong evidence that the visual–spatial code plays a dominant role in complex movement sequences, and this code is represented in an effector-independent manner.

ON THE REPRESENTATION, LEARNING AND TRANSFER OF SPATIO-TEMPORAL MOVEMENT CHARACTERISTICS

2004 ◽  
Vol 01 (04) ◽  
pp. 613-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
WINFRIED ILG ◽  
GÖKHAN H. BAKIR ◽  
JOHANNES MEZGER ◽  
MARTIN A. GIESE
Keyword(s):  
Representation Learning ◽  
Movement Sequences ◽  
Movement Trajectories ◽  
Movement Characteristics ◽  
Human Movements ◽  
Complex Sequences ◽  
Movement Representation ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Morphable Models ◽  
Complex Movement

In this paper we present a learning-based approach for the modeling of complex movement sequences. Based on the method of Spatio-Temporal Morphable Models (STMMs) we derive a hierarchical algorithm that, in a first step, identifies automatically movement elements in movement sequences based on a coarse spatio-temporal description, and in a second step models these movement primitives by approximation through linear combinations of learned example movement trajectories. We describe the different steps of the algorithm and show how it can be applied for modeling and synthesis of complex sequences of human movements that contain movement elements with a variable style. The proposed method is demonstrated on different applications of movement representation relevant for imitation learning of movement styles in humanoid robotics.

Age-related effects in interlimb practice on coding complex movement sequences

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Panzer ◽  
Nicole Gruetzmacher ◽  
Udo Fries ◽  
Melanie Krueger ◽  
Charles H. Shea
Keyword(s):  
Movement Sequences ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Complex Movement

scholarly journals Key Modulatory Role of Presynaptic Adenosine A2AReceptors in Cortical Neurotransmission to the Striatal Direct Pathway

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1321-1344 ◽  
Author(s):  
César Quiroz ◽  
Rafael Luján ◽  
Motokazu Uchigashima ◽  
Ana Patrícia Simoes ◽  
Talia N. Lerner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Receptor Function ◽  
Striatal Neurons ◽  
Indirect Pathway ◽  
Direct Pathway ◽  
Selective Modulation ◽  
Efferent Pathways

Basal ganglia processing results from a balanced activation of direct and indirect striatal efferent pathways, which are controlled by dopamine D1and D2receptors, respectively. Adenosine A2Areceptors are considered novel antiparkinsonian targets, based on their selective postsynaptic localization in the indirect pathway, where they modulate D2receptor function. The present study provides evidence for the existence of an additional, functionally significant, segregation of A2Areceptors at the presynaptic level. Using integrated anatomical, electrophysiological, and biochemical approaches, we demonstrate that presynaptic A2Areceptors are preferentially localized in cortical glutamatergic terminals that contact striatal neurons of the direct pathway, where they exert a selective modulation of corticostriatal neurotransmission. Presynaptic striatal A2Areceptors could provide a new target for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.

The complex movement disorder of Kasabach-Merritt syndrome associated with a basal ganglia lesion

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-593
Author(s):  
Christos Ganos ◽  
Simone Zittel ◽  
Christian Gerloff ◽  
Alexander Münchau ◽  
Tobias Bäumer
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Movement Disorder ◽  
Complex Movement
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