Characterization of three types of calcium channel in the luminal membrane of the distal nephron

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
M G Brunette ◽  
M Leclerc ◽  
D Couchourel ◽  
J Mailloux ◽  
Y Bourgeois
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Transport ◽  
Distal Tubule ◽  
Distal Nephron ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Luminal Membrane ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Substrate Concentrations ◽  
Renal Calcium Transport ◽  
Specific Inhibitors

We previously reported a dual kinetics of Ca2+ transport by the distal tubule luminal membrane of the kidney, suggesting the presence of several types of channels. To better characterize these channels, we examined the effects of specific inhibitors (i.e., diltiazem, an L-type channel; ω-conotoxin MVIIC, a P/Q-type channel; and mibefradil, a T-type channel antagonist) on 0.1 and 0.5 mM Ca2+ uptake by rabbit nephron luminal membranes. None of these inhibitors influenced Ca2+ uptake by the proximal tubule membranes. In contrast, in the absence of sodium (Na+), the three channel antagonists decreased Ca2+ transport by the distal membranes, and their action depended on the substrate concentrations: 50 µM diltiazem decreased 0.1 mM Ca2+ uptake from 0.65 ± 0.07 to 0.48 ± 0.06 pmol·µg–1·10 s–1 (P < 0.05) without influencing 0.5 mM Ca2+ transport, whereas 100 nM ω-conotoxin MVIIC decreased 0.5 mM Ca2+ uptake from 1.02 ± 0.05 to 0.90 ± 0.05 pmol·µg–1·10 s–1 (P < 0.02) and 1 µM mibefradil decreased it from 1.13 ± 0.09 to 0.94 ± 0.09 pmol·µg–1·10 s–1 (P < 0.05); the latter two inhibitors left 0.1 mM Ca2+ transport unchanged. Diltiazem decreased the Vmax of the high-affinity channels, whereas ω-conotoxin MVIIC and mibefradil influenced exclusively the Vmax of the low-affinity channels. These results not only confirm that the distal luminal membrane is the site of Ca2+ channels, but they suggest that these channels belong to the L, P/Q, and T types.Key words: renal calcium transport, calcium channels, diltiazem, mibefradil, ω-conotoxin.

scholarly journals Calcium transport through the luminal membrane of the distal tubule. I. Interrelationship with sodium

1992 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele G. Brunette ◽  
Johanne Mailloux ◽  
Daniel Lajeunesse
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Transport ◽  
Distal Tubule ◽  
Luminal Membrane

scholarly journals Characterization of the active site of human multicatalytic proteinase

1990 ◽  
Vol 265 (2) ◽  
pp. 479-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
R W Mason
Keyword(s):  
Cysteine Proteinase ◽  
Tight Binding ◽  
Serine Proteinase ◽  
Activity Profile ◽  
Reversible Inhibitors ◽  
Multicatalytic Proteinase ◽  
Proteinase Inhibition ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Specific Inhibitors

The activity of multicatalytic proteinase against synthetic substrates and the kinetics of its inhibition by a range of class-specific inhibitors have been investigated. The enzyme was found to have a broader pH activity profile than previously noted, being active against succinyl-Ala-Ala-Phe-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin optimally at pH 4.5 and against benzyloxycarbonyl-Gly-Gly-Arg-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin optimally at pH 10.5. Neither activity was inhibited by the class-specific inhibitors 1,10-phenanthroline, EDTA, pepstatin, di-isopropyl fluorophosphate, peptidyl chloromethanes, peptidyl diazomethanes or L-3-carboxy-2,3-trans-epoxypropionyl-leucylamido-(4-guanidin o)butane (E-64), indicating that the enzyme is not a typical metallo-, aspartic, serine or cysteine proteinase. Inhibition by HgCl2, iodoacetamide and N-ethylmaleimide suggests that free thiols are necessary for the enzyme to maintain activity, but that these thiols are not particularly reactive as is the case for cysteine proteinases of the papain superfamily. The peptidyl aldehydes chymostatin and leupeptin were found to be reversible inhibitors of multicatalytic proteinase. Chymostatin inhibited activity against succinyl-Ala-Ala-Phe-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin at pH 4.5 (Ki 160 +/- 22 microM) whereas leupeptin (200 microM) was not inhibitory. Inhibition of activity against benzyloxycarbonyl-Gly-Gly-Arg-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin by these compounds was more complex, in that they behaved as slow tight-binding inhibitors. kon values were determined to be 12 +/- 2 M-1.s-1 and 1290 +/- 125 M-1.s-1 for chymostatin and leupeptin, respectively. The upper limit for Ki values for these two inhibitors was estimated as 5 +/- 1.5 microM and 25 +/- 5 nM, respectively. The different inhibition characteristics for each substrate were also apparent at an intermediate pH of 8.5, showing that the two activities are distinct. Dichloroisocoumarin, a mechanism-based inhibitor of serine proteinases, did inhibit activity against succinyl-Ala-Ala-Phe-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin with a rate constant of 250 M-1.s-1, suggesting that multicatalytic proteinase is an atypical serine proteinase.

scholarly journals Discovery and characterization of bromodomain 2–specific inhibitors of BRDT

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (9) ◽  
pp. e2021102118
Author(s):  
Zhifeng Yu ◽  
Angela F. Ku ◽  
Justin L. Anglin ◽  
Rajesh Sharma ◽  
Melek Nihan Ucisik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Number ◽  
Chemical Libraries ◽  
Similar Activity ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
High Enrichment ◽  
Specific Inhibitors

Bromodomain testis (BRDT), a member of the bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) subfamily that includes the cancer targets BRD2, BRD3, and BRD4, is a validated contraceptive target. All BET subfamily members have two tandem bromodomains (BD1 and BD2). Knockout mice lacking BRDT-BD1 or both bromodomains are infertile. Treatment of mice with JQ1, a BET BD1/BD2 nonselective inhibitor with the highest affinity for BRD4, disrupts spermatogenesis and reduces sperm number and motility. To assess the contribution of each BRDT bromodomain, we screened our collection of DNA-encoded chemical libraries for BRDT-BD1 and BRDT-BD2 binders. High-enrichment hits were identified and resynthesized off-DNA and examined for their ability to compete with JQ1 in BRDT and BRD4 bromodomain AlphaScreen assays. These studies identified CDD-1102 as a selective BRDT-BD2 inhibitor with low nanomolar potency and >1,000-fold selectivity over BRDT-BD1. Structure–activity relationship studies of CDD-1102 produced a series of additional BRDT-BD2/BRD4-BD2 selective inhibitors, including CDD-1302, a truncated analog of CDD-1102 with similar activity, and CDD-1349, an analog with sixfold selectivity for BRDT-BD2 versus BRD4-BD2. BROMOscan bromodomain profiling confirmed the great affinity and selectivity of CDD-1102 and CDD-1302 on all BET BD2 versus BD1 with the highest affinity for BRDT-BD2. Cocrystals of BRDT-BD2 with CDD-1102 and CDD-1302 were determined at 2.27 and 1.90 Å resolution, respectively, and revealed BRDT-BD2 specific contacts that explain the high affinity and selectivity of these compounds. These BD2-specific compounds and their binding to BRDT-BD2 are unique compared with recent reports and enable further evaluation of their nonhormonal contraceptive potential in vitro and in vivo.

Characterization of the Na + /H + Exchanger in the Luminal Membrane of the Distal Nephron

1998 ◽  
Vol 165 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Claveau ◽  
I. Pellerin ◽  
M. Leclerc ◽  
M.G. Brunette
Keyword(s):  
Distal Nephron ◽  
Luminal Membrane

scholarly journals Characterization of ruthenium red-binding sites of the Ca2+-ATPase from sarcoplasmic reticulum and their interaction with Ca2+-binding sites

1992 ◽  
Vol 287 (3) ◽  
pp. 767-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Corbalan-Garcia ◽  
J A Teruel ◽  
J C Gomez-Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Cation Binding ◽  
Binding Studies ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Cation Binding Site ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Fast Release

Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase has previously been shown to bind and dissociate two Ca2+ ions in a sequential mode. This behaviour is confirmed here by inducing sequential Ca2+ dissociation with Ruthenium Red. Ruthenium Red binds to sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles (6 nmol/mg) with a Kd = 2 microM, producing biphasic kinetics of Ca2+ dissociation from the Ca(2+)-ATPase, decreasing the affinity for Ca2+ binding. Studies on the effect of Ca2+ on Ruthenium Red binding indicate that Ruthenium Red does not bind to the high-affinity Ca(2+)-binding sites, as suggested by the following observations: (i) micromolar concentrations of Ca2+ do not significantly alter Ruthenium Red binding to the sarcoplasmic reticulum; (ii) quenching of the fluorescence of fluorescein 5′-isothiocyanate (FITC) bound to Ca(2+)-ATPase by Ruthenium Red (resembling Ruthenium Red binding) is not prevented by micromolar concentrations of Ca2+; (iii) quenching of FITC fluorescence by Ca2+ binding to the high-affinity sites is achieved even though Ruthenium Red is bound to the Ca(2+)-ATPase; and (iv) micromolar Ca2+ concentrations prevent inhibition of the ATP-hydrolytic capability by dicyclohexylcarbodi-imide modification, but Ruthenium Red does not. However, micromolar concentrations of lanthanides (La3+ and Tb3+) and millimolar concentrations of bivalent cations (Ca2+ and Mg2+) inhibit Ruthenium Red binding as well as quenching of FITC-labelled Ca(2+)-ATPase fluorescence by Ruthenium Red. Studies of Ruthenium Red binding to tryptic fragments of Ca(2+)-ATPase, as demonstrated by ligand blotting, indicate that Ruthenium Red does not bind to the A1 subfragment. Our observations suggest that Ruthenium Red might bind to a cation-binding site in Ca(2+)-ATPase inducing fast release of the last bound Ca2+ by interactions between the sites.

scholarly journals Cloning and Characterization of Aedes aegypti Trypsin Modulating Oostatic Factor (TMOF) Gut Receptor

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 934
Author(s):  
Dov Borovsky ◽  
Kato Deckers ◽  
Anne Catherine Vanhove ◽  
Maud Verstraete ◽  
Pierre Rougé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binding Sites ◽  
Protein Sequence ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Trypsin Modulating Oostatic Factor ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Atpase Inhibitors ◽  
Kinetics Of

Trypsin Modulating Oostatic Factor (TMOF) receptor was solubilized from the guts of female Ae. Aegypti and cross linked to His6-TMOF and purified by Ni affinity chromatography. SDS PAGE identified two protein bands (45 and 61 kDa). The bands were cut digested and analyzed using MS/MS identifying a protein sequence (1306 amino acids) in the genome of Ae. aegypti. The mRNA of the receptor was extracted, the cDNA sequenced and cloned into pTAC-MAT-2. E. coli SbmA− was transformed with the recombinant plasmid and the receptor was expressed in the inner membrane of the bacterial cell. The binding kinetics of TMOF-FITC was then followed showing that the cloned receptor exhibits high affinity to TMOF (KD = 113.7 ± 18 nM ± SEM and Bmax = 28.7 ± 1.8 pmol ± SEM). Incubation of TMOF-FITC with E. coli cells that express the receptor show that the receptor binds TMOF and imports it into the bacterial cells, indicating that in mosquitoes the receptor imports TMOF into the gut epithelial cells. A 3D modeling of the receptor indicates that the receptor has ATP binding sites and TMOF transport into recombinant E. coli cells is inhibited with ATPase inhibitors Na Arsenate and Na Azide.

Biochemical and functional characterization of H(+)-K(+)-ATPase in distal amphibian nephron

1991 ◽  
Vol 260 (6) ◽  
pp. F806-F812
Author(s):  
G. Planelles ◽  
T. Anagnostopoulos ◽  
L. Cheval ◽  
A. Doucet
Keyword(s):  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Distal Tubule ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Proton Secretion ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Collecting Tubule ◽  
Collecting Tubules ◽  
In Vivo Administration

Because proton secretion and K+ reabsorption in the late distal tubule of amphibians are active, we evaluated whether these processes could be mediated by an H(+)-K(+)-ATPase similar to the gastric H(+)-K+ pump and to the K(+)-ATPase previously described in the terminal segments of the mammalian nephron. K(+)-stimulated ATPase activity was detected in microdissected segments of frog and Necturus nephron: its activity was high in the late distal and collecting tubules, whereas it was undetectable in the proximal convoluted tubule and early distal tubule. In frog collecting tubule, K(+)-ATPase had a high affinity for K+ (Km approximately 0.30 mM), was inhibited by vanadate, omeprazole, and the imidazopyridine Sch 28080, and was insensitive to ouabain. Furthermore, in vivo administration of Sch 28080 to anesthetized Necturus induced a significant rise of the steadystate intratubular pH in the late distal tubule, demonstrating that this drug inhibited tubular fluid acidification. It is suggested that K(+)-ATPase present in the terminal segments of amphibian nephron is similar to the gastric H(+)-K+ pump and is involved in urinary acidification.

Renal Calcium Transport: Sites and Insights

Physiology ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
PA Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Transport ◽  
Distal Tubule ◽  
Cytosolic Calcium ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Passive Transport ◽  
Calcium Dependent ◽  
Hormone Sensitive ◽  
Dependent Processes ◽  
Renal Calcium Transport ◽  
Basolateral Efflux

In the kidney the absorption of calcium in the proximal tubule is mediated largely through passive transport processes, in the distal tubule by hormone-sensitive transcellular movement, whereas the loop on Henle represents a hybrid situation. The ability of calcium-transporting cells to accommodate wide ranges of transcellular movement without disturbing cytosolic calcium-dependent processes suggests the presence of mechanisms to coordinate apical entry and basolateral efflux of calcium.

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