Protection from solar simulated radiation-induced DNA damage in cultured human fibroblasts by three commercially available sunscreens

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (7) ◽  
pp. 690-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascale Reinhardt ◽  
Michelle Cybulski ◽  
James P McNamee ◽  
Jack R McLean ◽  
Wayne Gorman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Human Fibroblasts ◽  
Skin Aging ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Cultured Human Fibroblasts ◽  
Radiation Induced

Exposure to solar radiation can produce both acute and chronic changes in the skin, including sunburn, edema, immunosuppression, premature skin aging, and skin cancer. At the cellular level, solar radiation can produce adverse structural and functional changes in membrane proteins and lipids and in chromosomal and mitochondrial DNA. The increasing awareness of these adverse effects has led the public to demand better photoprotection. In this study, the alkaline comet assay was used to evaluate the photoprotective effects of three commercially available sunscreens at sun protection factors (SPF) 15 and 30. Human fibroblasts were used as target cells to conveniently study the effects of solar simulated radiation on DNA damage in the presence and absence of sunscreens. When human fibroblasts were exposed to various doses of solar simulated radiation, DNA damage, as measured in sunscreen-protected cells by the comet assay, was not significantly different from that detected in unexposed cells. At 1.0 and 1.5 minimal erythemal doses (MED), all sunscreens, at both SPF 15 and 30, provided nearly 100% photoprotection to the fibroblasts. Further studies are required to elucidate the role of UVA in the production and repair of DNA damage in cells exposed to sunlight.Key words: sunscreen, UVA, UVB, solar simulated radiation, comet assay.

Evaluation of γ-radiation-induced DNA damage in two species of bivalves and their relative sensitivity using comet assay

2014 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.K. Praveen Kumar ◽  
S.K. Shyama ◽  
B.S. Sonaye ◽  
U Roshini Naik ◽  
S.B. Kadam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Γ Radiation ◽  
Radiation Induced

scholarly journals The Relationship between Cellular Radiosensitivity and Radiation-Induced DNA Damage Measured by the Comet Assay

2003 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiichi WADA ◽  
Hidemitsu KURAHAYASHI ◽  
Yasuhiko KOBAYASHI ◽  
Tomoo FUNAYAMA ◽  
Kazuo YAMAMOTO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Cellular Radiosensitivity ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Dual Inhibition of PARP and the Intra-S/G2 Cell Cycle Checkpoints Results in Highly Effective Radiosensitization of HPV-Positive HNSCC Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Hintelmann ◽  
Thomas Berenz ◽  
Malte Kriegs ◽  
Sabrina Christiansen ◽  
Fruzsina Gatzemeier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Human Fibroblasts ◽  
Radiation Sensitivity ◽  
Cell Cycle Checkpoints ◽  
Parp Inhibition ◽  
Biological Entity ◽  
G1 Arrest ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Radiation Induced

In head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), tumors positive for human papillomavirus (HPV) represent a distinct biological entity with favorable prognosis. An enhanced radiation sensitivity of these tumors is evident in the clinic and on the cellular level when comparing HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCC cell lines. We could show that the underlying mechanism is a defect in DNA double-strand break repair associated with a profound and sustained G2 arrest. This defect can be exploited by molecular targeting approaches additionally compromising the DNA damage response to further enhance their radiation sensitivity, which may offer new opportunities in the setting of future de-intensified regimes. Against this background, we tested combined targeting of PARP and the DNA damage-induced intra-S/G2 cell cycle checkpoints to achieve effective radiosensitization. Enhancing CDK1/2 activity through the Wee1 inhibitor adavosertib or a combination of Wee1 and Chk1 inhibition resulted in an abrogation of the radiation-induced G2 cell cycle arrest and induction of replication stress as assessed by γH2AX and chromatin-bound RPA levels in S phase cells. Addition of the PARP inhibitor olaparib had little influence on these endpoints, irrespective of checkpoint inhibition. Combined PARP/Wee1 targeting did not result in an enhancement in the absolute number of residual, radiation induced 53BP1 foci as markers of DNA double-strand breaks but it induced a shift in foci numbers from S/G2 to G1 phase cells. Most importantly, while sole checkpoint or PARP inhibition induced moderate radiosensitization, their combination was clearly more effective, while exerting little effect in p53/G1 arrest proficient normal human fibroblasts, thus indicating tumor specificity. We conclude that the combined inhibition of PARP and the intra-S/G2 checkpoint is a highly effective approach for the radiosensitization of HPV-positive HNSCC cells and may represent a viable alternative for the current standard of concomitant cisplatin-based chemotherapy. In vivo studies to further evaluate the translational potential are highly warranted.

Heterogeneity in Radiation-Induced DNA Damage and Repair in Tumor and Normal Cells Measured Using the "Comet" Assay

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peggy L. Olive ◽  
Judit P. Banáth ◽  
Ralph E. Durand ◽  
Judit P. Banath
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Dna Damage And Repair ◽  
Radiation Induced

Radiation induced DNA damage evaluation of insects using comet assay

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malu Ravi ◽  
U. Gayathri Elayidam ◽  
Muraleedharan Damodaran
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Damage Evaluation ◽  
Radiation Induced
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