Study of acute pharmacologic effects of prolactin on calcium and water transport in the rat colon by an in vivo perfusion technique

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 415-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nateetip Krishnamra ◽  
Jiraporn Ousingsawat ◽  
Liangchai Limlomwongse
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Water Transport ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rat Colon ◽  
Perfusion Technique ◽  
Perfusion Rate ◽  
Calcium Fluxes ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Water Secretion

We investigated the acute effect of intraperitoneally administered prolactin on calcium and water transport in colon of sexually mature female Wistar rats using an in vivo perfusion technique. Test solution containing (in mM) NaCl, 100; KCl, 4.7; MgSO4, 1.2; CaCl2, 20; D-glucose, 11; sodium ferrocyanide (Na4Fe(CN)6), an index of net water transport, 20; and 0.7 (µCi 45CaCl2 (1 Ci = 37 GBq) was perfused througth the 8-cm colonic loop for 60 min at perfusion rates of 0.5 or 1.0 mL·min–1. Calcium and water transport was also studied under a no flow condition to stimulate the condition often found in the colon by in vivo ligated colonic loop for 30 min. Control results showed no correlation between calcium transport and water flux. Flow of luminal solution at 0.5 and 1.0 mL·min–1 was found to reverse net calcium absorption from 0.04 ± 0.01 nmol·g–1 dry weight·h–1 to net calcium secretion of 0.04 ± 0.04 and 0.9 ± 0.02 nmol·g–1 dry weight·h–1, respectively. Neither 0.4, 0.6, nor 1.0 mg·kg–1 prolactin had any effect on calcium fluxes in the colon. On the other hand, at a perfusion rate of 1 mL·min–1, 0.4 mg·kg–1 prolactin significantly decreased net water absorption from 3.86 ± 0.90 to 0.88 ± 0.64 mL·g–1 dry weight·h–1 (P < 0.001), and the higher doses of 0.6 and 1.0 mg·kg–1 prolactin reversed net water absorption to net water secretion of 2.20 ± 0.63 and 2.33 ± 0.89 mL·g–1 dry weight·h–1, respectively (P < 0.001). The stimulatory effect of prolactin on water transport was completely abolished by reducing the perfusion rate from 1.0 mL·min–1 to zero. The stimulatory effect of prolactin on water secretion at perfusion rate of 1.0 mL·min–1 was also abolished when luminal [Na+] was reduced from 180 to 80 mM. We concluded that, unlike in the small intestine, calcium fluxes in the colon are not related to water transport and did not respond at all to prolactin. Water transport, on the other hand, was reversed from net absorption to secretion by prolactin. We propose that this prolactin-induced water secretion is probably mediated by recycling of luminal sodium in the vicinity of tight junctions.Key words: calcium fluxes, colon, perfusion technique, prolactin, water transport.

scholarly journals Na, Cl, and Water Transport by Rat Colon

1960 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter F. Curran ◽  
Gordon F. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Water Transport ◽  
Potential Gradient ◽  
Model System ◽  
Linear Functions ◽  
Rat Colon ◽  
Na Transport ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Net Fluxes

Segments of the colon of anesthetized rats have been perfused in vivo with isotonic NaCl solutions and isotonic mixtures of NaCl and mannitol. Unidirectional and net fluxes of Na and Cl and the net fluxes of water and mannitol have been measured. Net water transport was found to depend directly on the rate of net Na transport. There was no water absorption from these isotonic solutions in the absence of net solute transport, indicating that water transport in the colon is entirely a passive process. At all NaCl concentrations studied, the lumen was found to be electrically negative to the surface of the colon by 5 to 15 mv. Na fluxes both into and out of the lumen were linear functions of NaCl concentration in the lumen. Net Na absorption from lumen to plasma has been observed to take place against an electrochemical potential gradient indicating that Na is actively transported. This active Na transport has been interpreted in terms of a carrier model system. Cl transport has been found to be due almost entirely to passive diffusion.

scholarly journals Pathology of Infestation of the Rat With Nippostrongylus Muris (Yokogawa) IV. The Absorption of Glucose and Histidine

1960 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 180 ◽  
Author(s):  
LEA Symons
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
The Other ◽  
Perfusion Technique ◽  
Intubation Technique ◽  
Entire Small Intestine ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Rate Of Absorption

The rate of absorption of D-glucose and L-histidine from the entire small intestine of the rat when measured by an intubation technique was not affected by infestation with the nematode Nippostrongylu8 muris. On the other hand, absorption of D-glucose from the infested jejunum when measured in vivo by a perfusion technique was severely reduced. The rate of gastric emptying was not affected by the infestation. There was a direct relationship between gastric emptying and the rate of absorption of glucose.

scholarly journals Water transport through rat colonic epithelium during ceftriaxone therapy

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
T. Dovbynchuk ◽  
T. Beregova ◽  
H. Tolstanova ◽  
L. Zakordonets
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Water Transport ◽  
Rat Colon ◽  
Colonic Epithelium ◽  
Perfusion Technique ◽  
Resulting Effect

The dose and time-depended effect of the antibiotic ceftriaxone on net water transport in rat colonic epithelium was studied by colonic loop perfusion technique in situ. Ceftriaxone in dose 50 mg / kg / day caused diarrhea in 10% of rats, in dose 300 mg/kg/day – 25% of rats. Ceftriaxone in both doses decreased net water absorption in rat colon. The resulting effect was more pronounced after 14-days course compared with 5-days.

Oxytocin analogues with non-coded amino acid residues in position 8: [8-Neopentylglycine]oxytocin and [8-cycloleucine]oxytocin

1987 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 2317-2325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Hlaváček ◽  
Jan Pospíšek ◽  
Jiřina Slaninová ◽  
Walter Y. Chan ◽  
Victor J. Hruby
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Solid Phase Synthesis ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Phase Synthesis ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Fragment Condensation

[8-Neopentylglycine]oxytocin (II) and [8-cycloleucine]oxytocin (III) were prepared by a combination of solid-phase synthesis and fragment condensation. Both analogues exhibited decreased uterotonic potency in vitro, each being about 15-30% that of oxytocin. Analogue II also displayed similarly decreased uterotonic potency in vivo and galactogogic potency. On the other hand, analogue III exhibited almost the same potency as oxytocin in the uterotonic assay in vivo and in the galactogogic assay.

In vitro insulin-mimetic activity and in vivo metallokinetic feature of oxovanadium(IV)porphyrin complexes in healthy rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (01) ◽  
pp. 114-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tapan K. Saha ◽  
Yutaka Yoshikawa ◽  
Hirouki Yasui ◽  
Hiromu Sakurai
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Insulin Mimetic ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Better Than

We prepared [meso-tetrakis(4-carboxylatophenyl)porphyrinato]oxovanadium(IV) tetrasodium, ([VO(tcpp)]Na4), and investigated its in vitro insulin-mimetic activity and in vivo metallokinetic feature in healthy rats. The results were compared with those of previously proposed insulin-mimetic oxovanadium(IV)porphyrin complexes and oxovanadium(IV) sulphate. The in vitro insulin-mimetic activity and bioavailability of [VO(tcpp)]Na4 were considerably better than those of [meso-tetrakis (1-methylpyridinium-4-yl)porphyrinato]oxovanadium(IV)(4+) tetraperchlorate ([VO(tmpyp)](ClO4)4) and oxovanadium(IV) sulphate. On the other hand, [VO(tcpp)]Na4 and [meso-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrinato]oxidovanadate(IV)(4-)([VO(tpps)]) showed very similar in vitro insulin-mimetic activity and in vivo metallokinetic feature in healthy rats. In particular, the order of in vitro insulin-mimetic activity of the complexes was determined to be: [VO(tcpp)]Na4 ≈ [VO(tpps)] > ([VO(tmpyp)](ClO4)4 > oxovanadium(IV) sulphate.

scholarly journals Seminal vesicle proteins SVS3 and SVS4 facilitate SVS2 effect on sperm capacitation

Reproduction ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 152 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoya Araki ◽  
Natsuko Kawano ◽  
Woojin Kang ◽  
Kenji Miyado ◽  
Kaoru Yoshida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seminal Vesicle ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sperm Capacitation ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Sperm Membrane ◽  
Vesicle Secretion ◽  
Mammalian Spermatozoa

Mammalian spermatozoa acquire their fertilizing ability in the female reproductive tract (sperm capacitation). On the other hand, seminal vesicle secretion, which is a major component of seminal plasma, inhibits the initiation of sperm capacitation (capacitation inhibition) and reduces the fertility of the capacitated spermatozoa (decapacitation). There are seven major proteins involved in murine seminal vesicle secretion (SVS1-7), and we have previously shown that SVS2 acts as both a capacitation inhibitor and a decapacitation factor, and is indispensable forin vivofertilization. However, the effects of SVSs other than SVS2 on the sperm have not been elucidated. Since mouseSvs2–Svs6genes evolved by gene duplication belong to the same gene family, it is possible that SVSs other than SVS2 also have some effects on sperm capacitation. In this study, we examined the effects of SVS3 and SVS4 on sperm capacitation. Our results showed that both SVS3 and SVS4 are able to bind to spermatozoa, but SVS3 alone showed no effects on sperm capacitation. On the other hand, SVS4 acted as a capacitation inhibitor, although it did not show decapacitation abilities. Interestingly, SVS3 showed an affinity for SVS2 and it facilitated the effects of SVS2. Interaction of SVS2 and spermatozoa is mediated by the ganglioside GM1 in the sperm membrane; however, both SVS3 and SVS4 had weaker affinities for GM1 than SVS2. Therefore, we suggest that separate processes may cause capacitation inhibition and decapacitation, and SVS3 and SVS4 act on sperm capacitation cooperatively with SVS2.

scholarly journals Daya Serap Air dan Kualitas Wadah Semai Ramah Lingkungan Berbahan Limbah Kertas Koran dan Bahan Organik

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
Jumadil Akhir ◽  
Allaily Allaily ◽  
Dida Syamsuwida ◽  
Sri Wilarso Budi R
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Materials Used

Abstrak. Wadah semai ramah lingkungan merupakan produk yang dibuat dari bahan organik. Bahan organik yang digunakan dapat berupa limbah, sehingga dapat membantu mengatasi permasalahan lingkungan dalam menangani limbah. Di sisi lain penggunaan wadah semai ramah lingkungan mempunyai keuntungan yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan polybag berbahan plastik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya serap air dan kualitas Wadah Semai Ramah Lingkungan (WSRL) berbahan limbah kertas koran dan bahan organik lainnya. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 2 faktor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa daya serap air berkisar 171. 04 %-223.69%, dengan nilai tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan Ab (Koran 100% + 8% perekat) dan terendah terdapat pada perlakuan Ac (Koran 100% + 12% perekat). Penggunaan koran 100% menunjukkan WSRL yang lebih kuat dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya. Water Absorption and Quality of Eco-Friendly Container Waste from Newsprint and Organic Materials Abstract. Organic seedling containers was produced from organic materials. Organic materials used can be waste, so it can help overcome environmental problems in handling waste. On the other hand, the use of organic seeding containers makes the containers more friendly and has greater advantages compared to polybags made from plastic. This study aimed to determine the water absorption and durability of Environmentally Friendly Semi-containers (EFSC) in greenhouses and fields. The design used in this research was complete randomized design with 2 factors. The results showed that water absorption was 171.04% -223.69%, with the highest value found in Ab (100% pulp + 8% glue) treatment and the lowest was in Ac treatment (100% pulp + 12% glue). Using 100% newspapers showed a stronger WSRL compared to other treatments.

The Influence of 17-Oxo- and 17-Hydroxy-16,17-secoestratriene Derivatives on Estrogen Receptor

2006 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 532-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzana Jovanović-Šanta ◽  
Julijana Petrović ◽  
Marija Sakač ◽  
Zorica Žakula ◽  
Esma Isenović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Estrogen Receptors ◽  
Estrogenic Activity ◽  
Total Loss ◽  
The Other ◽  
Binding Parameters ◽  
Antiestrogenic Activity ◽  
Other Hand

Since many of newly synthesised D-secoestratriene derivatives showed antiestrogenic effect, with almost a total loss of estrogenic activity, we studied the effects of some of these compounds on estrogen receptors (ER), the translocation of the estrogen-ER complexes formed in presence of competing substances into the nucleus, as well as the binding of these complexes to DNA. The results of uterotrophic effects of analysed derivatives are in agreement with the influence of these compounds on activity and binding parameters of estrogen receptors. Namely, compounds that show relatively high antiestrogenic activity predominantly increase Kd and inhibit translocation to nuclei of radioactive complexes formed in their presence. On the other hand, compounds that do not significantly change binding parameters of estrogen receptors do not show antiestrogenic effect in in vivo experiments.

Peptide YY enhances NaCl and water absorption in the rat colon in vivo

1992 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Okuno ◽  
T. Nakanishi ◽  
Y. Shinomura ◽  
T. Kiyohara ◽  
H. Ishikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Rat Colon

scholarly journals Interplay between MPIase, YidC, and PMF during Sec-independent insertion of membrane proteins

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e202101162
Author(s):  
Yuta Endo ◽  
Yuko Shimizu ◽  
Hanako Nishikawa ◽  
Katsuhiro Sawasato ◽  
Ken-ichi Nishiyama
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Proteins ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Terminal Region ◽  
Integral Membrane Proteins ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Model Protein

Integral membrane proteins with the N-out topology are inserted into membranes usually in YidC- and PMF-dependent manners. The molecular basis of the various dependencies on insertion factors is not fully understood. A model protein, Pf3-Lep, is inserted independently of both YidC and PMF, whereas the V15D mutant requires both YidC and PMF in vivo. We analyzed the mechanisms that determine the insertion factor dependency in vitro. Glycolipid MPIase was required for insertion of both proteins because MPIase depletion caused a significant defect in insertion. On the other hand, YidC depletion and PMF dissipation had no effects on Pf3-Lep insertion, whereas V15D insertion was reduced. We reconstituted (proteo)liposomes containing MPIase, YidC, and/or F0F1-ATPase. MPIase was essential for insertion of both proteins. YidC and PMF stimulated Pf3-Lep insertion as the synthesis level increased. V15D insertion was stimulated by both YidC and PMF irrespective of the synthesis level. These results indicate that charges in the N-terminal region and the synthesis level are the determinants of YidC and PMF dependencies with the interplay between MPIase, YidC, and PMF.

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