Height growth of planted black spruce seedlings in response to interspecific vegetation competition: a comparison of four competition measures at two measuring positions

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
G G Wang ◽  
J Su ◽  
J R Wang
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Percent Cover ◽  
Relative Height ◽  
Full Sunlight ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Hemispherical Photographs

Four simple measures of interspecific competition (percent cover visually estimated in the field, percent cover derived from hemispherical photographs, percent full sunlight measured by a ceptometer, and gap light index derived from hemispherical photographs) obtained at two reference positions (the top and the middle of crop seedlings) were evaluated in relation to two growth variables (relative height growth rates in 1998 and during 1996 to 1998) of black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) seedlings planted on boreal mixedwood sites in southeastern Manitoba. The four competition measures assessed at the two measuring positions explained 57.2-68.0% of the total variation in black spruce height growth rate. Significant relationships were found among the four measures, and between the two measuring positions for each measure. The measuring position was not critical for all competition measures except the percent full sunlight measured by the ceptometer, for which the middle position was much better. When assessed at their preferred positions, the four competition measures ranked as follows: (i) percent cover derived from hemispherical photographs or percent full sunlight measured by the ceptometer; (ii) gap light index derived from hemispherical photographs; and (iii) visually estimated percent cover of vegetation.

scholarly journals Comparative Height Growth of Eastern Larch and Black Spruce in Northwestern Ontario

1978 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 296-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Mead
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Larix Laricina ◽  
Stem Analysis ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Spruce Stands

Height growth of eastern larch (Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch) and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) was determined using standard stem analysis methods on trees from two sites in northwestern Ontario. The data were obtained from mixed larch-spruce stands which were relatively undisturbed. The larch exhibited substantially better height growth than the spruce through age 65.

Black and White Spruce Plantings in Minnesota: Container vs Bareroot Stock and Fall vs Spring Planting

1983 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 189-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Alm
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Artificial Regeneration ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Spring Planting ◽  
Better Than

Black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) and white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) styrob-lock and paperpot and 3-0 and 2-2 seedlings were planted spring and fall. After four seasons of growth the container seedlings had survival and height growth as good or better than the nursery seedlings. There were no differences in performance between the two container systems. The 2-2 stock generally had better survival than the 3-0 stock. Survival of fall-planted stock was equal to or better than that of the spring-planted stock. Key words: white spruce, black spruce, styroplugs, paper pots, seedlings, transplants, artificial regeneration, fall vs spring planting

Comparison of growth and physiology of layers and naturally established seedlings of black spruce in a boreal cutover in Quebec

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raynald Paquin ◽  
Hank A Margolis ◽  
René Doucet ◽  
Marie R Coyea
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Total Height ◽  
Acclimation Period ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

Growth and physiology of layers versus naturally established seedlings of boreal black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) were compared 15 years after a cutover in Quebec. During the first 8 years, height growth of seedlings was greater than that of layers, averaging 10.4 and 7.0 cm/year, respectively. For the last 5 years, annual height growth of layers and seedlings did not differ (25 cm/year; p > 0.05). Over the entire 15-year period, total height growth of seedlings (251 cm) was greater than that of layers (220 cm), although total height did not differ (p > 0.05) over the last 6 years. During the 15th growing season, there were no differences (p > 0.05) for predawn shoot water potential, stomatal conductance, net photosynthesis, intercellular to ambient CO2 ratio, water use efficiency, and hydraulic conductance between layers and seedlings. For diurnal shoot water potential, seedlings showed slightly less stress than layers on two of the four sampling dates. Thus, in the first few years following the cutover, the slower growth observed for layers indicated that they had a longer acclimation period following the cutover. Afterwards, similar height growth, total height, and physiological characteristics of the two regeneration types indicated that layers can perform as well as naturally established seedlings.

scholarly journals Height growth of black spruce and jack pine seedlings in flooded flats

1975 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-54
Author(s):  
W. Stanek
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Concentration Gradient ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Water Height

Black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) seedlings were grown in a green-house on peat-filled flats flooded with nutrient solution or distilled water. None was aerated. However, an O2 concentration gradient existed across the flats, 3.0 – 3.7 ppm along the edges, and 1.4 – 1.9 ppm in the centers. After 4½ months seedlings of both species grew taller with nutrient solution than with distilled water. In flats supplied with nutrient solution, seedlings of both species grew taller along the edges than in the centers, whereas in flats supplied with distilled water height differential did not develop. Jack pine grew taller than black spruce under similar conditions.

Ten-year results of strip clear-cutting in Quebec black spruce stands

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Pothier
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Advance Regeneration ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Harvesting Method ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
One Year ◽  
Cutting System

Regeneration of first-cut strips in a two-cut system of strip clear-cutting was compared to that of large clear-cutting in four different areas representative of the black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) stands of the boreal forest of Quebec. Seedlings were more evenly distributed in clearcut strips than in large clearcuts. Differences of about 10 000 black spruce seedlings per hectare and 20% of stocking were observed in favour of clearcut strips compared to large clearcuts. Black spruce stocking was about 14% larger on lowland than on upland sites but height growth was better on upland sites. A regeneration problem similar to that of large clearcuts was observed when the second strips were cut. One year after cutting these second strips, winter harvesting resulted in a 23% gain in black spruce stocking as compared to summer harvesting. Even if black spruce stocking marginally increased during the years following winter harvesting, the height advantage of the preserved advance growth justifies the application of this harvesting method. The strip clear-cutting system effectively improved the stocking of former black spruce stands but if the stocking level of advance growth is adequate, careful harvesting to preserve advance regeneration should be the preferred method since it would be more cost-efficient.

Gas exchange and water relations responses to drought of fast- and slow-growing black spruce families

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 1700-1706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weixing Tan ◽  
Terence J. Blake
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Slow Growing

To determine how different mechanisms of drought tolerance contribute to growth rate under drought, this study compared four full-sib black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) families which differed in growth rate when soil water became limiting, stomatal conductance, photosynthesis, and water relations responses to drought. Repeated drought cycles were imposed by withholding soil water in a nursery and physiological responses were measured near the end of the first and third cycle. The most vigorous family under drought had greater osmotic adjustment and maintained higher rates of net photosynthesis during the first cycle of drought and resumed higher rates of photosynthesis sooner upon stress relief, compared with two slow-growing families. Pressure–volume analysis of drought-stressed shoot tissues indicated that the fast-growing family exhibited a larger degree of elastic enhancement (i.e., decrease in bulk modulus of elasticity), which would explain its higher turgor pressure, compared with the two less vigorous families. However, family differences in gas exchange and water relations largely diminished when seedlings were exposed to repeated cycles of drought. Therefore, fast-growing black spruce families under drought may gain selective growth advantage by a better ability to tolerate, rather than postpone, momentary dehydration. Short-term screening trials could be used to detect drought tolerant genotypes in black spruce. Key words: drought, family variation, photosynthesis, Picea mariana, stomatal conductance, water relations.

Croissance en hauteur à long terme de la régénération préétablie dans des pessières noires boréales régénérées par marcottage, au Québec

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raynald Paquin ◽  
René Doucet
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Dominant Position ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Effective Age ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
To Come

Height-growth patterns of black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) in the boreal forest were studied in layer-origin stands released by clear-cutting in the first half of this century. Most stems responded to release brought about by clear-cutting of the main stand. Initially, small stems responded more rapidly and more strongly, but their height-growth rate culminated between 20 and 30 years following release, the same period when height-growth rate culminated for the taller, older stems. After the culmination period, growth rates were independent of height at the time of release. Consequently, the taller stems at time of release were able to maintain their dominant position. Height growth over the recent years indicates that this position could be maintained in the years to come, and even indefinitely. It seems that second-growth black spruce stands behave like even-aged stands despite their uneven-aged structure. Consequently, years since release and stem height are more accurate measures of stem effective age than total age. Moreover, the taller stems in the understory, which are usually considerably older, should be considered to be as valuable as smaller regeneration when a stand is cut.

scholarly journals Growth of black spruce seedlings planted in burned, logged, and undisturbed boreal mixedwood stands of southeastern Manitoba

2002 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
G G Wang ◽  
J. Su
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Light Competition ◽  
Competition Intensity ◽  
Full Sunlight ◽  
Undisturbed Site ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Burned Site ◽  
Mixedwood Stands

Growth of black spruce seedling planted in burned, harvested, and undisturbed boreal mixedwood stands was studied in southeastern Manitoba. Although seedlings on each site were subjected to similar light competition (measured by % of full sunlight received at the middle crown of each crop seedling in 1998), mean annual growth of height, root collar diameter and aboveground biomass was different among the three sites, with burned > logged > undisturbed. During each of last seven years (1992 to 1998 except 1997), the burned site had greater annual height growth than the logged and undisturbed sites. Similarly, the logged site had greater height growth than the undisturbed site except 1997 and 1998. Relative competition intensity (calculated based on annual height growth from 1992 to 1998) fluctuated between 0.70 to 0.76 on the undisturbed site, increased from 0.48 to 0.73 on the logged site, and increased from 0.23 to 0.74 on the burned site. Relative competition intensity remained similar in the most recent three years (1996–1998) despite larger differences found in earlier years (1992–1995) between sites. A significant relationship was found between the relative competition intensity and % full sunlight on each site. Results from this case study suggested that, by affecting the development of competing vegetation, the type/intensity of past disturbances created different competition dynamics for black spruce seedlings planted on the burned, logged and undisturbed sites. Key words: interspecific competition, vegetation management, competition dynamics, plantation

scholarly journals Effects of Age and Stand Density of Mother Trees on EarlyPinus thunbergiiSeedling Establishment in the Coastal Zone, China

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peili Mao ◽  
Guangxuan Han ◽  
Guangmei Wang ◽  
Junbao Yu ◽  
Hongbo Shao
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Relative Height ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Mother Tree ◽  
Seedling Biomass

Effects of age and stand density of mother tree on seed germination, seedling biomass allocation, and seedling growth ofPinus thunbergiiwere studied. The results showed that age of mother tree did not have significant influences on seed germination, but it was significant on seedling biomass allocation and growth. Seedlings from the minimum and maximum age of mother tree had higher leaf mass ratio and lower root mass ratio than from the middle age of mother tree. Moreover, they also had higher relative height growth rate and slenderness, which were related to their biomass allocation. Stand density of mother tree mainly demonstrated significant effects on seed germination and seedling growth. Seed from higher stand density of mother tree did not decrease germination rate, but had higher mean germination time, indicating that it delayed germination process. Seedlings of higher stand density of mother tree showed higher relative height growth rate and slenderness. These traits of offspring from higher stand density of mother tree were similar to its mother, indicating significant environmental maternal effects. So, mother tree identity of maternal age and environments had important effects on natural regeneration of the coastalP. thunbergiiforest.

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