Nitrogen mineralization and nitrification in upland and peatland forest soils in two Canadian Shield catchments

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1793-1804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin J Devito ◽  
Cherie J Westbrook ◽  
Sherry L Schiff
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
N Transformations ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Net Mineralization

Net mineralization and nitrification in surface forest soils were measured in upland forest stands and valley peatlands using in situ soil incubations at two headwater catchments of Harp Lake, Ontario from July 1995 to October 1996. No difference in either net N mineralization or nitrification was observed between the two adjacent catchments despite differences in catchment N export. Annual rates of net N mineralization in surface 10 cm were higher in forest soils of the deciduous (11.5 ± 3.1 g/m2; mean ± SE) and conifer-mixed (conifer-hardwoods) (13.9 ± 2.3 g/m2) stands than in peatland soils (1.6 ± 0.6 g/m2). Mean annual nitrification rates were higher in deciduous soils (6.6 ± 0.7 g N/m2) than in mixed stands (1.9 ± 0.6 g N/m2) and peatland soils (0.1 ± 0.2 g N/m2). Annual net N mineralization and nitrification were correlated with variations in soil C and N content and moisture associated with different forest stands. Frequent winter incubations indicate that net mineralization and nitrification under snow cover in upland surface soils can contribute as much as 49 and 23% of the annual net production, respectively. The importance of forest vegetation patterns, winter N transformations, and dissolved organic N pools to total N and NO3- cycling and leaching in these catchments is discussed.

scholarly journals Impact of the addition of different plant residues on carbon–nitrogen content and nitrogen mineralization–immobilization turnover in a soil incubated under laboratory conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 3051-3074 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Abbasi ◽  
M. M. Tahir ◽  
N. Sabir ◽  
M. Khurshid
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Mineralization ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Leguminous Plant ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
N Transformations ◽  
Total N

Abstract. Application of plant residues as soil amendment may represent a valuable recycling strategy that affects on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling, soil properties improvement and plant growth promotion. The amount and rate of nutrient release from plant residues depend on their quality characteristics and biochemical composition. A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted for 120 days under controlled conditions (25 °C and 58% water filled pore space (WFPS)) to quantify initial biochemical composition and N mineralization of leguminous and non-leguminous plant residues i.e. the roots, shoots and leaves of Glycine max, Trifolium repens, Zea mays, Poplus euramericana, Rubinia pseudoacacia and Elagnus umbellate incorporated into the soil at the rate of 200 mg residue N kg−1 soil. The diverse plant residues showed wide variation in total N, carbon, lignin, polyphenols and C/N ratio with higher polyphenol content in the leaves and higher lignin content in the roots. The shoot of G. max and the shoot and root of T. repens displayed continuous mineralization by releasing a maximum of 109.8, 74.8 and 72.5 mg N kg−1 and representing a 55, 37 and 36% of added N being released from these resources. The roots of G. max and Z. mays and the shoot of Z. mays showed continuous negative values throughout the incubation showing net immobilization. After an initial immobilization, leaves of P. euramericana, R. pseudoacacia and E. umbellate exhibited net mineralization by releasing a maximum of 31.8, 63.1 and 65.1 mg N kg−1, respectively and representing a 16, 32 and 33% of added N being released. Nitrogen mineralization from all the treatments was positively correlated with the initial residue N contents (r = 0.89; p ≤ 0.01), and negatively correlated with lignin content (r = −0.84; p ≤ 0.01), C/N ratio (r = −0.69; p ≤ 0.05), lignin/N ratio (r = −0.68; p ≤ 0.05), polyphenol/N ratio (r = −0.73; p ≤ 0.05) and ligin + polyphenol/N ratio (r = −0.70; p ≤ 0.05) indicating a significant role of residue chemical composition and quality in regulating N transformations and cycling in soil. The present study indicates that incorporation of plant residues strongly modify the mineralization-immobilization turnover (MIT) of soil that can be taken into account to develop synchronization between net N mineralization and crop demand in order to maximize N delivery and minimize N losses.

scholarly journals Nitrogen transformations in the rhizosphere of different tree types in a seasonally flooded soil

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 249-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Liu ◽  
S. Fang ◽  
Y. Tian ◽  
Chang SX
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Flooded Soil ◽  
N Transformations ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Rhizosphere Effects ◽  
Seasonally Flooded

Plant roots strongly influence C and N availability in the rhizosphere via rhizodeposition and uptake of nutrients. An in situ rhizobox approach was used to compare rhizosphere effects of different tree species and clones on N cycling under seasonally flooded soil. We examined N mineralization and nitrification rates, inorganic N, and microbial biomass C (MBC) and N (MBN) in rhizosphere and bulk soils of three poplar clones, alder, and willow plantations in southeast China. Significant differences in soil pH, total N, soil organic C, MBC, MBN, and MBC/MBN were found between bulk and rhizosphere soils except alder. Compared to bulk soil, the net N mineralization and nitrification rates in rhizosphere soil across all tree species and clones increased by 124&ndash;228% and 108&ndash;216%, respectively. However, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>&ndash;</sup>-N was depleted in the rhizosphere soil mainly owing to the root uptake and rhizosphere microbial immobilization. The magnitude of rhizosphere effects on N transformations was considerably different among the tree species studied. Of the tested ones, alder had the greatest rhizosphere effect on N transformation, indicating different capacities of tree species to facilitate N turnover in the rhizosphere.

scholarly journals The effect of long-term CO2 enrichment on carbon and nitrogen content of roots and soil of natural pastureland

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-190
Author(s):  
Manal Al-Traboulsi ◽  
Brian Wilsey ◽  
Catherine Potvin
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Soil N ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Soil N Mineralization ◽  
C And N ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Increasing levels of atmospheric CO2 may change C and N dynamics in pasture ecosystems. The present study was conducted to examine the impact of four years of CO2 enrichment on soil and root composition and soil N transformation in natural pastureland. Plots of open-top growth chambers were continuously injected with ambient CO2 (350 µL L–1) and elevated CO2 (625 µL L–1). Soil cores exposed to ambient and elevated CO2 treatment were incubated and collected each year. Net N-mineralization rates in soil (NH4 +-N plus NO3ˉ–-N), in addition to total C and N content (%) of soil and root tissues were measured. Results revealed that elevated CO2 caused a significant reduction in soil NO3 (P < 0.05), however, no significant CO2 effect was found on total soil C and N content (%). Roots of plants grown under elevated CO2 treatment had higher C/N ratios. Changes in root C/N ratios were driven by changes in root N concentrations as total root N content (%) was significantly reduced by 30% (P < 0.05). Overall, findings suggest that the effects of CO2 enrichment was more noticeable on N content (%) than C content (%) of soil and roots; elevated CO2 significantly affected soil N-mineralization and total N content (%) in roots, however, no substantial change was found in C inputs in CO2-enriched soil.

EFFECT OF MANURE AND P FERTILIZER ON PROPERTIES OF A BLACK CHERNOZEM IN SOUTHERN SASKATCHEWAN

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. CAMPBELL ◽  
V. O. BIEDERBECK ◽  
F. SELLES ◽  
M. SCHNITZER ◽  
J. W. B. STEWART
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Fertilizer

The effects of application of manure and P fertilizer on wheat yields in a fallow-wheat-wheat rotation on a Black Rego Chernozemic clay soil have been studied for 36 yr. The objective of this study was to identify the effects of manure on soil characteristics that could be related to the reported progressive yield increases over time and an apparent improvement in soil tilth. Soil samples were taken in 1982 from the check (no treatment), and from treatments receiving 13.4, 20.2 and 26.9 t ha−1 of manure applied each fallow year, and 112 kg ha−1 of seed-placed 11-48-0 applied to wheat after summerfallow. Soil physical and P-related parameters were determined for depth increments to 30 cm; the total-N and 15N data to 90 cm; other data were for the 0- to 7.5-cm depth. Manure had no effect on bulk density or hydraulic conductivity. However, it increased the total C and humic acid (HA) content of the soil, the percent of soil C as HA-C, the C concentration in humin, and the percent of total soil N as humin-N. Manure significantly increased the percent of HA-N but not humin-N present as amino acid and amino sugar-N, but increased amino acids and the amino sugars in the humin hydrolysate. The net rate of N mineralization and the available forms of inorganic P were all increased significantly by manure. The natural 15N-abundance technique showed that a significant though small proportion of soil N was derived from manure. Manure had no effect on soil microbial biomass C and N, soil respiration, and the quantity of potentially mineralizable N. Applied P had no effect on N-related parameters measured; its effect on available P was not measured. It was concluded that manure increased crop yields by improving the N- and P-supplying power of the soil, and improving the physical environment of the soil through its effects on the humic colloids. Key words: Humic substances, soil P fractions, soil biological properties, natural 15N abundance, net N mineralization

SHORT COMMUNICATION: Soil microbial biomass C, N mineralization, and N uptake by corn in dairy cattle slurry- and urea-amended soils

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Paul ◽  
E. G. Beauchamp
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Cattle Slurry ◽  
Total N ◽  
Dairy Cattle Slurry

A spring application of dairy cattle slurry (300 kg total N ha−1) on high- and low-fertility sites resulted in higher microbial biomass C during the growing season than on a control soil or a soil receiving 100 kg N ha−1 as urea. Microbial biomass C was also significantly higher on the high-fertility site and was reflected in greater N mineralization and N uptake by corn. There was no greater net N mineralization in the manured soil than in the control or fertilized soil as would be expected as a result of higher microbial biomass C and significant organic N contribution from the manure. Key words: Animal manure, nitrogen mineralization, corn, grain yields, soil fertility

Effect of superphosphate addition on N mineralization in some Australian forest soils

Soil Research ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 285 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Falkiner ◽  
PK Khanna ◽  
RJ Raison
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
P Content

Pinus radiata stands are reported to accumulate increased N on addition of phosphatic fertilizers. Field and laboratory studies were initiated to determine if addition of superphoshate increases soil N mineralization in forest soils. In a field experiment, application of 200 kg P ha-1 as superphosphate to trenched plots in a Pinus radiata stand increased accumulated soil mineral-N contents by 122% and 82% above the control on two occasions. Application of 500 kg P ha-1 as superphosphate either alone or in combination with lime (10 Mg ha-1) increased in situ soil net N mineralization in a dry sclerophyll eucalypt forest from 20.7 (control) to 28.3 (+P) and 30.2 (+P+lime) kg N ha-1 yr-1 20 cm-1. Uptake by the vegetation accounted for all of the mineralized nitrogen. In a 180 day laboratory incubation using undisturbed soil columns (0-20 cm) from nine forest sites, seven soils showed a positive response to superphosphate (100 kg P ha-1) addition, with increases in N mineralization ranging from 14% to 117%. The response of N mineralization to superphosphate addition was not related to initial soil organic C, total N or P content in the 0-20 cm layer. However, soil pH and organic C combined to account for 76% of the variation in N mineralization response (P < 0.01). In the 0-5 cm layer of untreated soils, soil organic P content could explain 71% of the variation in net N mineralization. Addition of superphosphate appears to increase N mineralization in several Australian forest soils and the improved availability of N will enhance tree growth rates. The mechanisms underlying the response are still poorly understood and thus also our ability to predict its significance for tree nutrition on specific forest sites.

Nitrogen mineralization associated with birch and fir under different soil moisture regimes

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1890-1898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celia A Evans ◽  
Eric K Miller ◽  
Andrew J Friedland
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Nitrogen Mineralization ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Soil Mass ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Mixed Species ◽  
Total N ◽  
Net Mineralization ◽  
Mixed Species Forest

We examined net nitrogen mineralization rates in forest floor beneath birch-dominated or fir-dominated canopy plots in a high-elevation mixed-species forest in New Hampshire during the 1995 and 1996 growing seasons. Soil moisture was significantly greater in 1996 than in 1995 (season averages were 2.1 times and 1.4 times dry soil mass, respectively). Net mineralization was significantly greater in both plot types in 1996 than in 1995. The magnitude of difference, however, was much greater in fir plots. Nitrification increased in birch plots and significantly decreased in fir plots from 1995 to 1996. Results of a three-way ANOVA showed significant year and species main effects for net mineralization and a significant species × year interaction for nitrification. There were no significant correlations between net N mineralization and measured soil chemistry variables in 1995. In 1996 there were significant positive correlations between total N, and net mineralization and nitrification in birch plots and between soil moisture and net mineralization in fir plots. These results support a growing body of research suggesting that species feedbacks influence rates of net N mineralization in mixed species forests. Further, this study provides novel evidence that rates of net N mineralization may respond differently to changing abiotic conditions depending on the local canopy species in a mixed-species forest.

scholarly journals Nitrogen fertilizer value of animal slurries with different proportions of liquid and solid fractions: A 3-year study under field conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Betina Nørgaard Pedersen ◽  
Bent T. Christensen ◽  
Luca Bechini ◽  
Daniele Cavalli ◽  
Jørgen Eriksen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Fraction ◽  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Organic N ◽  
First Year ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Total N ◽  
Plant Availability ◽  
Loamy Sand Soil

Abstract The plant availability of manure nitrogen (N) is influenced by manure composition in the year of application whereas some studies indicate that the legacy effect in following years is independent of the composition. The plant availability of N in pig and cattle slurries with variable contents of particulate matter was determined in a 3-year field study. We separated cattle and a pig slurry into liquid and solid fractions by centrifugation. Slurry mixtures with varying proportions of solid and liquid fraction were applied to a loamy sand soil at similar NH4+-N rates in the first year. Yields and N offtake of spring barley and undersown perennial ryegrass were compared to plots receiving mineral N fertilizer. The first year N fertilizer replacement value (NFRV) of total N in slurry mixtures decreased with increasing proportion of solid fraction. The second and third season NFRV averaged 6.5% and 3.8% of total N, respectively, for cattle slurries, and 18% and 7.5% for pig slurries and was not related to the proportion of solid fraction. The estimated net N mineralization of residual organic N increased nearly linearly with growing degree days (GDD) with a rate of 0.0058%/GDD for cattle and 0.0116%/GDD for pig slurries at 2000–5000 GDD after application. In conclusion NFRV of slurry decreased with increasing proportion of solid fraction in the first year. In the second year, NFRV of pig slurry N was significantly higher than that of cattle slurry N and unaffected by proportion between solid and liquid fraction.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Availability and Uptake by Sugarbeet in Years Following a Manure Application

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrick D. Lentz ◽  
Gary A. Lehrsch
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
High Rate ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Total N ◽  
Urea Fertilizer ◽  
Low Rate

The use of solid dairy manure for sugarbeet production is problematic because beet yield and quality are sensitive to deficiencies or excesses in soil N, and soil N availability from manure varies substantially depending on the year of application. Experimental treatments included combinations of two manure rates (0.33 and 0.97 Mg total N ha−1) and three application times, and non-manure treatments (control and urea fertilizer). We measured soil net N mineralization and biomass, N uptake, and yields for sprinkler-irrigated sugarbeet. On average, the 1-year-old, low-rate manure, and 1- and 2-year-old, high-rate manure treatments produced 1.2-fold greater yields, 1.1-fold greater estimated recoverable sugar, and 1.5-fold greater gross margins than that of fertilizer alone. As a group the 1-year-old, low-rate manure, and 2- and 3-year-old, high-rate-manure treatments produced similar cumulative net N mineralization as urea fertilizer; whereas the 1-year-old, high-rate manure treatment provided nearly 1.5-fold more N than either group. With appropriate manure application rates and attention to residual N and timing of sugarbeet planting, growers can best exploit the N mineralized from manure, while simultaneously maximizing sugar yields and profits.

Soil nitrogen dynamics as affected by landscape position and nitrogen fertilizer

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 579-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. K. Soon ◽  
S. S. Malhi
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Landscape Position ◽  
Slope Position ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
N Application ◽  
Upper Slope

The influence o f landscape position on the dynamics of N in the soil-plant system has not been adequately studied. Our aim with this study on a predominantly Black Chernozem soil was to evaluate the effect of slope position (upper vs. lower) and N fertilizer application (none vs. 60 kg N ha-1) on soil and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) N through the growing season. Landscape position had a dominant effect on soil NO3− and soluble organic N (SON) concentrations, especially in the surface 15 cm. These pools of soil N and net N mineralization were greater at the lower than at the upper slope position. The landscape effect is attributed to higher organic matter content (as measured by organic C) and water availability in lower compared with upper slope positions. Nitrogen application had no measurable effect on soil NO3− and SON concentrations. Exchangeable and non-exchangeable NH4+ were little affected by slope position or N fertilization. Nitrogen application increased wheat N uptake; however, its influence was less than that of slope position, especially on N accumulation in wheat heads during grain-filling. Although N application increased wheat yields, landscape position exerted the greater influence: grain yield was less on upper than lower slope positions due to earlier onset of crop maturity. During grain filling, net N mineralization was suppressed at the upper slope position and by N application. The increase in crop yield and N uptake due to N application was not significantly different between slope positions. This study demonstrated that landscape position had a greater influence on N dynamics and availability than the application of typical amounts of fertilizer N and that the two effects were mostly independent of each other. Key words: Available N, landscape position, N uptake, net N mineralization, soluble organic N

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