Economics of fossil fuel substitution and wood product sinks when trees are planted to sequester carbon on agricultural lands in western Canada

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1669-1678 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Cornelis van Kooten ◽  
Emina Krcmar-Nozic ◽  
Brad Stennes ◽  
Ruud van Gorkom
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Wood Product ◽  
Carbon Uptake ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Plantation Forest ◽  
Fuel Substitution ◽  
Marginal Agricultural Land

To meet its international commitment to reduce CO2 output by 7% from the 1990 level by 2012, Canada will rely to some extent on terrestrial carbon uptake, particularly afforestation of marginal agricultural land. The economics of afforestation is examined for northeastern British Columbia and all of Alberta, with harvested wood used either as a replacement for coal in energy production or as a wood-product sink. Some 7 × 106 ha of marginal agricultural land are identified, but very little could reasonably be afforested if wood is used as a substitute for coal. If C is stored in wood products, nearly one third of the land might reasonably be planted to trees; if similar results hold for the rest of Canada, afforestation can be included in the policy arsenal. Before that can be done, however, some serious issues need to be resolved, including problems associated with the mechanism used to transfer land out of agriculture into plantation forest.

The role of marginal agricultural land-based mulberry planting in biomass energy production

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1789-1794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Lu ◽  
Ya Tang ◽  
Jia-sui Xie ◽  
Yuan-liang Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Marginal Agricultural Land

Energetic comparison of some stump-removing methods

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-51
Author(s):  
I. Czupy
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Alternating Current ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Wide Domain ◽  
Fuel Substitution ◽  
Unused Resource ◽  
Root Connection ◽  
Different Soils

Concerns about climate change and fossil fuel shortages are encouraging interest in stumps, as alternative energy sources. Stumps are an almost unused resource in the context of bio fuels. Stump harvesting signifies an intensification of forest management compared with conventional stem-only or above-ground biomass-only harvesting. There are many benefits of stump harvesting. These include: the production of wood fuel, fossil fuel substitution, and improved soil preparation.Removing tree trunks in Hungary has been going on according to the principle of stump extraction, which means stumps are removed by grabbing technology. Experiments have been carried out to reduce the extraction force. In the Great Hungarian Lowland, where large areas require the operation implementation, stump extraction is done by special, hydraulic driven baggers equipped with a special bucket. During operation of the equipment, we carried out measurements of the extraction force and the time requirement. The experiments are designed to carry out the measurements with different soils and different tree species. According to our proposal the suitable force and torque required to remove stumps can be significantly reduced if before the lifting the soil — root connection is loosened. One of the possible ways to implement this task is the use of vibration. Since relatively great vibration power and wide domain of frequency are necessary, therefore we prepared the loosening machinery elements of alternating-current hydraulics system. Based on constructions variants we created a tractor-mounted experimental alternating-current hydraulic stump-loosening machine. It was designed with the ability to produce horizontal vibration in order to loosen stumps.

Phase equilibria modeling of biorefinery-related systems: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos L. Corazza ◽  
Julia Trancoso
Keyword(s):  
Phase Equilibria ◽  
Phase Behavior ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Waste Reuse ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Prisma Statement ◽  
Fuel Substitution ◽  
The Subject

Abstract The search for sustainable ideas has gained prominence in recent decades at all levels of society since it has become imperative an economic, social, and environmental development in an integrated manner. In this context, biorefineries are currently present as the technology that best covers all these parameters, as they add the benefits of waste reuse, energy cogeneration, and fossil fuel substitution. Thus, the study of the various applicable biological matrices and exploring the technical capabilities of these processes become highly attractive. Thermodynamic modeling acts in this scenario as a fundamental tool for phase behavior predictions in process modeling, design, and optimization. Thus, this work aimed to systematize, using the PRISMA statement for systematic reviews, the information published between 2010 and 2020 on phase equilibria modeling in systems related to biorefineries to organize what is already known about the subject. As a result, 236 papers were categorized in terms of the year, country, type of phase equilibria, and thermodynamic model used. Also, the phase behavior predictions of different thermodynamic models under the same process conditions were qualitatively compared, establishing PC-SAFT as the model that best represents the great diversity of interest systems for biorefineries in a wide range of conditions.

scholarly journals Root crops agroforestry for greening the sustainability of green revolution

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-37
Author(s):  
Y Widodo ◽  
S Wahyuningsih ◽  
JS Utomo ◽  
A Subagio
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Forest Conversion ◽  
World Population ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Agro Forestry

Green revolution started at mid of twentieth century was the answer of anxiousness reminded by Malthusian that food scarcity problems in relation with population growth. In concurrence with exploitation of fossil fuel for agriculture mechanization as well as agrochemicals in the form of inorganic fertilizer and pesticide, green revolution by introducing high yielding varieties of cereals and grains was able to nourish the world population by increasing productivity. Indeed, from beginning of mechanization with fossil fuel based as advised by Rudolf Diesel then Arrhenius would be affected to the release of CO2 to the atmosphere and consequently exaggerating climate change as suffered by current and future generations. Under green revolution based on cereals and grains affected forest conversion into open agricultural land, because both commodities are sun-loving crops, which are hate to the shade. On the other hand, to slow the severity of climate change natural forest must be conserved tightly. Entering third millennium demand of food production with ecologically friendly is stronger. Hence, green revolution needs to be amended into greener perspectives. Thus, implementation of agro-forestry into wide range of agro-ecological zone is urgently innovated. Fortunately, shade tolerant of root crops has significant advantage to be developed under agro-forestry. Under shade of forest canopy at basal forest strata, root crops are able to sequester CO2 to be converted into carbohydrate and other compounds to provide food for the dweller. Back to nature is not only a slogan, with root crops under agro-forestry is a reality; fresh root up to 30 t ha-1 can be harvested yearly as the source of food and renewable fuel as well. This potential is very worthy to improve and greening the existing green revolution to be more sustainable.Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 8 (1): 26-37, June, 2018

scholarly journals Bioenergía a partir de microalgas en México

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
Sheila Genoveva Pérez-Bravo ◽  
Ana María Mendoza-Martínez ◽  
Maria del Refugio Castañeda-Chávez ◽  
Luciano Aguilera-Vázquez
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
World Population ◽  
Fuel Prices ◽  
Lipid Contents ◽  
Current Energy ◽  
Short Carbon

The energy demand of the world population is increasing due to population growth and technological development. The current energy base is a generator of CO2 emissions, the most abundant and main greenhouse gas responsible for global warming, as well as pollutants, sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides. The environmental deterioration and the increase in fossil fuel prices make it necessary to investigate less aggressive energy sources with the environment at competitive costs in the market. Biofuels are an alternative for energy production due to their origin in the short carbon cycle, their emissions are considered almost zero, including biodiesel and bioethanol. The latter can be obtained from microalgae rich in carbohydrates and lipids, easy to grow in short periods of time. The objective of this research is to summarize the findings made about the existence of useful microalgae as raw material to produce biofuels in Mexican territory. An exhaustive review of the literature was carried out, which contributed to estimate the microalgal diversity in the country and its lipid contents as well as carbohydrates, with different species of the genera Chlamydomonas, Chlorella, Scenedesmus, Desmodesmus being found mainly.

scholarly journals A Review of Industrial Crop Yield Performances on Unfavorable Soil Types

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2382
Author(s):  
Jana Reinhardt ◽  
Pia Hilgert ◽  
Moritz Von Cossel
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Indirect Land Use Change ◽  
Industrial Crop ◽  
Large Yield ◽  
Marginal Agricultural Land ◽  
The Impact

Industrial crop cultivation on marginal agricultural land limits indirect land-use change effects that pose a threat to food security. This review compiles results from 91 published crop-specific field trial datasets spanning 12 relevant industrial crops and discusses their suitability for cultivation on unfavorable soil types (USTs). It was shown that the perennial species Miscanthus (Miscanthus Andersson) and reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) performed well on USTs with both high clay and/or high sand contents. Information on stoniness (particles sizes > 2 mm), where mentioned, was limited. It was found to have only a small impact on biological yield potential, though it was not possible to assess the impact on mechanization as would be used at a commercial scale. For soils with extreme clay or sand contents, half of the crops showed moderate suitability. The large yield variations within and between crops revealed large knowledge gaps in the combined effects of crop type and agronomy on USTs. Therefore, more field trials are needed on diverse USTs in different climates with better equipment and more consistent measurements to improve the accuracy of potential yield predictions spatially and temporally. Additionally, larger trials are needed to optimize cultivation and harvesting.

scholarly journals Nonuse of Forest Residues is Impermissible Overlook for the Country with Limited Natural Resources

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 01-05
Author(s):  
Tamaz Patarkalashvili
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Multiple Use ◽  
Forest Residues ◽  
Energy Medicine ◽  
Agriculture Residues ◽  
Wood Energy

In human history forests always satisfied different needs of people like: food, energy, medicine plants, wood materials, fodder. From 20th century wood energy gradually was substituted by fossil fuel. But wood still remained irreplaceable resource for construction, furniture, paper industry. At the same time many new wood products have been developed from wood and agriculture residues, so called engineered wood, like: plywood, chipboards, fiberboards, MDF, etc. Bio-economy today uses biomass for manufacturing bio-based chemicals, plastics, pharmaceutical products as well as, residues for generating bio-energy. Nowadays, when the fossil fuel age declines due to its exhaustible character biomass regains a new importance. Biomass currently is the dominating renewable energy source for multiple use. Gradual substitution of fossil fuel by renewable energies instigates rapid growth of all renewable energy carriers like wind, solar, hydro, geo-thermal and bio-energy. It is the best strategy against climate change too.

scholarly journals Potential Inter-Fuel Substitution between Hydroelectricity and Fossil Fuels in Nepal

2019 ◽  
pp. 26-46
Author(s):  
Sudheer Awasthi ◽  
Naveen Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Elasticity Of Substitution ◽  
Incentive Mechanisms ◽  
Coal Gas ◽  
Output Elasticity ◽  
Fuel Substitution ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Huge Variation

In spite of huge hydro-electricity potential, Nepal still relies on fossil fuel to meet its energy demand. However, as the pace of hydroelectricity generation gets momentum in recent years, there are concerns about the excess supply of hydroelectricity in the domestic market in the near future. In this context, this paper examines the potential substitution of conventional fuels by the hydroelectricity in Nepal. Using translog production function, this paper calculates the elasticity of substitution between hydroelectricity, coal, gas, petrol, diesel, and kerosene for the period of 1980 to 2016. Our findings suggest that all the fuels except kerosene are positively associated with economic growth during the study period, and the output elasticity of hydroelectricity is found be largest among these sources of energy. The findings also suggest that hydroelectricity has the potential for substitute other conventional fuels if the share of hydroelectricity is increased in the energy consumption composition. While there is not a huge variation in the elasticity of substitution between hydroelectricity and other fuels, the hydroelectricity has relatively higher potential to substitute coal followed by petrol, diesel, kerosene, and gas. The findings of the paper are supportive of the hypothesis that Nepal could potentially absorb the hydroelectricity generated in near future if incentive mechanisms are initiated that allow substitution of conventional fossil fuels by the hydroelectricity.

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