Association of pitch moths (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae and Pyralidae) with rust diseases in a lodgepole pine provenance trial

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 1610-1614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn A Rocchini ◽  
Kathy J Lewis ◽  
B Staffan Lindgren ◽  
Robert G Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Provenance Trial ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
Rust Diseases ◽  
Endocronartium Harknessii ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae

A survey in a lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm., provenance trial showed that the western pine moth, Dioryctria cambiicola (Dyar) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), was the most prevalent pitch moth, and stalactiform blister rust, Cronartium coleosporioides Arth., the most prevalent stem rust. Also present were the Douglas-fir pitch moth, Synanthedon novaroensis (Hy. Edwards) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), comandra blister rust, Cronartium comandrae Pk., and western gall rust, Endocronartium harknessii J.P. Moore, and the stem canker Atropellis piniphila (Weir). Results from a likelihood ratio test indicated an association of western pine moth with stalactiform blister rust and of Douglas-fir pitch moth with both western gall rust and stalactiform blister rust. Western pine moth attacks are most commonly found along the active edge of stalactiform blister rust cankers, suggesting that the moth larvae derive some specific benefit from the fungus. The association of Douglas-fir pitch moth with the rusts appear to be a result of the physical wounding caused by the fungi, since attacks by this pitch moth are also frequently found at pruning wounds or other injuries.

Hard pine stem rusts on lodgepole pine at a site-preparation study in sub-boreal British Columbia: effects over 24 years

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard W. Reich ◽  
Jean L. Heineman ◽  
Amanda F. Linnell Nemec ◽  
Lorne Bedford ◽  
Jacob O. Boateng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Volume Loss ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
Stem Infection ◽  
Endocronartium Harknessii ◽  
A Site ◽  
The Relationship

Site preparation can improve lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm. ex S. Watson) survival and growth; however, we lack information regarding possible interactions between treatment effects and the impacts of western gall rust (Endocronartium harknessii (J.P. Moore) Y. Hirats.) and comandra blister rust (Cronartium comandrae Peck). Mechanical and burning techniques examined over 24 years at a sub-boreal British Columbia site did not significantly increase rust infection rates or characteristics relative to an untreated control. Most infection occurred before age 10 years and at heights <2 m. By age 24 years, 22% and 10% of pine had sustained at least one western gall rust or comandra blister rust stem infection, respectively, but only 4% of western gall rust infected trees were dead, compared with 60% of comandra blister rust infected trees. Exploratory regression analysis of the relationship between tree volume and percent stem encirclement and infection height suggested that volume of 24-year-old pine infected with western gall rust averaged 8% less than the corresponding volume of uninfected trees. Over 24 years, estimated stand-level, rust-related volume loss was 8.4%, with the majority due to mortality from comandra blister rust. One-fifth of estimated volume loss was provisionally attributed to growth reductions among live western gall rust infected pine.

Balancing risks of disturbance from mountain pine beetle and western spruce budworm

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 839-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.G. Nealis ◽  
M.K. Noseworthy ◽  
R. Turnquist ◽  
V.R. Waring
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Closed Field ◽  
Western Spruce Budworm ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Population Processes

The effect of removing lodgepole pine ( Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.) and retaining Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) to reduce the risk of disturbance from mountain pine beetle ( Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopk.) in mixed conifer stands in southern British Columbia, Canada, on population processes influencing outbreaks of western spruce budworm ( Choristoneura occidentalis Free.) was evaluated in 10 paired (open vs. closed) field plots. Overall feeding damage to Douglas-fir was significantly, but only slightly, lower in open stands compared with closed stands. Although open plots tended to recruit more budworms, the losses resulting from the dispersal of spring-emerging budworms in search of feeding sites were significantly greater in open plots. The forest management benefits of these early season losses were mitigated, however, by more mortality of budworms from natural enemies, particularly diseases, in the closed plots during the budworm feeding period. These results are discussed in terms of compensating population processes and balancing objectives in forest pest management. In this case, selective harvesting of lodgepole pine as a mitigation strategy for the mountain pine beetle conserved the midterm timber supply potential represented by associated Douglas-fir even in the presence of an outbreak of the western spruce budworm.

Lodgepole pine provenances differ in chemical defense capacities against foliage and stem diseases

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 2333-2344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Wallis ◽  
Richard W. Reich ◽  
Kathy J. Lewis ◽  
Dezene P.W. Huber
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Quantitative Resistance ◽  
Foliar Diseases ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Endocronartium Harknessii ◽  
Foliar Concentrations ◽  
Foliar Pathogens

Maximization of lodgepole pine ( Pinus contorta Douglas ex Louden var. latifolia Engelm. ex S. Watson) growth in a future climate with increased pest activity requires an understanding of the natural variability of quantitative resistance to disease. Foliar and bark secondary metabolites from different lodgepole pine provenances (populations) were quantified and correlated with severity of foliar diseases caused by Lophodermella spp. ( Lophodermella concolor (Dearn.) Darker or Lophodermella montivaga Petre.) or Elytroderma deformans (Wier) Darker and bark diseases caused by Elytroderma or Endocronartium harknessii (J.P. Moore) Y. Hiratsuka. Greater foliar concentrations of lignin, tannins, and some phenolics were associated with increased resistance to single or multiple foliar pathogens. Bark secondary metabolites levels were generally unassociated with resistance to bark diseases. Provenances appearing to originate in ecosystems where lodgepole pine are not the dominant species generally were more susceptible to foliar diseases and had less foliar defense-associated compounds than trees from areas where pines were the dominant species, yet clear trends proved to be elusive. Regardless, pine provenances with greater foliar levels of identified defense-associated compounds should be preferred seed sources for replanting forests in areas in which foliar disease is expected to be increasingly prevalent.

Predicting survival of lodgepole pine stands infected with western gall rust

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 878-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Wolken ◽  
P V Blenis ◽  
I Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Iteratively Reweighted Least Squares ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Endocronartium Harknessii ◽  
Stem Gall ◽  
Pine Stands

The probability of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.) having main-stem galls caused by western gall rust, Endocronartium harknessii (J.P. Moore) Y. Hiratsuka, surviving to rotation is unknown. To evaluate survival, 400 galled trees with at least one stem gall and 400 trees without stem galls were measured in 1992 in two precommercially thinned stands approximately 20 years old. The survival of trees was assessed in 2003. Nonlinear regression using iteratively reweighted least squares was employed to estimate the survival of galled trees as a function of the proportion of the main stem encircled by galls. Galls encircling >79% and >91% of the stem in the two stands increased the risk of mortality relative to non-galled trees, with the risk increasing steeply with percent gall encirclement; smaller stem galls did not cause tree mortality. The 11-year pattern of survival of galled trees was similar for infections that occurred on the main stem and those that had reached the stem from a nearby branch infection. Based on an earlier model of gall expansion, 38%–43% of stem-galled trees would be expected to survive until age 80. Scribing of stem galls to prevent their expansion does not appear to be a feasible management strategy.

Comparative assessment of genetic variation of young high-elevation lodgepole pine for height and western gall rust resistance across two sites in Alberta

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 478-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong-Cai Yang ◽  
Narinder K Dhir ◽  
Leonard K Barnhardt
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Family Interactions ◽  
Endocronartium Harknessii ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Natural Stands ◽  
Similar Site ◽  
Interaction Variance

A total of 456 half-sib families of superior lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) trees found mostly in high-elevation natural stands in west-central Alberta were outplanted in 1990 at two geoclimatically different sites, Norris and Redrock, Alberta. The trials were measured at age 6 for survival, height, and incidence and severity of western gall rust (WGR) (Endocronartium harknessii (J.P. Moore) Y. Hiratsuka). Survival at both sites was very similar (85-87%). Mean family height at Redrock was almost 10 cm higher (60.5 cm) than that at Norris (51.0 cm). Mean family WGR incidence was 25% with a range of 0-76% at Norris, but only 1.6% with a range of 0-27% at Redrock. A similar site difference was also observed for WGR severity. Strong site x family interactions were detected for height growth and WGR infection. The interaction for WGR infection did not seem to involve a change in family ranks because there was very little contribution to the interaction variance from lack of perfect genetic correlation between the two sites. The contrasting patterns of family variation in WGR infection across the two sites may be the outcome of epidemiological (environmental) or genetic causes or both.

PINE OIL PROTECTS LIVING TREES FROM ATTACK BY THREE BARK BEETLE SPECIES, DENDROCTONUS SPP. (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

1981 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. Nijholt ◽  
L. H. McMullen ◽  
L. Safranyik
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Dendroctonus Pseudotsugae ◽  
Pine Oil ◽  
Spruce Beetle ◽  
Pine Beetle

AbstractPine oil, a by-product of sulphate wood pulping, protected pheromone-baited, living Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl.), and spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss - P. engelmannii Parry hybrids) from attack by Douglas-fir beetle (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopk.), mountain pine beetle (D. ponderosa Hopk.), and spruce beetle (D. rufipennis (Kirby)), respectively. Pine oil also protected surrounding trees and reduced attack incidence on Douglas-fir, lodgepole pine, and spruce within at least a 10 m radius. α-Terpineol, one of the constituents of the pine oil mixture, was less effective.

THE ARTHROPOD FAUNA COLLECTED FROM THE COMANDRA BLISTER RUST, CRONARTIUM COMANDRAE, ON LODGEPOLE PINE IN ALBERTA

1971 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 908-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Powell
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
Arthropod Fauna ◽  
One Year

AbstractOne hundred and sixty species of arthropods, representing 137 insects, 19 mites, and 4 spiders, were collected or reared from the cankers of the comandra blister rust, Cronartium comandrae Peck, on lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm., in southwestern Alberta. The insects damaged 40 to 60% of the cankers observed in any one year and reduced aeciospore production by 10%. Eleven orders of insects were represented, of which the Coleoptera (29 species), Lepidoptera (14), Diptera (21), and Hymenoptera (38) were the most important. Epuraea obliquus Hatch, Paracacoxenus guttatus Hardy and Wheeler, and a Mycodiplosis species appeared to be true mycetobionts. Several others which damaged the cankers, such as Pissodes schwarzi Hopk., Cylindrocopturus deleoni Buchanan, Ernobius sp., Corticaria sp., Bradysia spp., Dioryctria spp., Laspeyresia sp., Grapholitha sp. prob. caeruleana Wlshm., Eucordylea spp., Cinara spp., and Diapterobates principalis (Berlese) could be classied as mycetophiles. About half the species appeared to be mycetoxenes. New habitat or host information was obtained and several new species were collected. Several of the genera represented have been reported to occur on other pine stem rusts, which indicates that the rust cankers provide a suitable habitat for development.

Stability of resistance to western gall rust and needle cast in lodgepole pine provenances

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry X Wu ◽  
Cheng C Ying
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Needle Cast ◽  
Geographic Patterns ◽  
Endocronartium Harknessii ◽  
Stability Of Resistance ◽  
Site Evaluation

Stability of 76 interior lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta ssp. latifolia Engelm.) provenances in resistance to western gall rust (Endocronartium harknessii (J.P. More) Y. Hiratsuka) and needle cast (Lophodermella concolor (Dearn.) Darker) was investigated from 19 and 23 sites in the British Columbia interior, respectively. Provenances, sites, and provenance by site interaction had significant effects on severity level of infection of both diseases. Susceptible provenances contributed mainly to the interaction. The resistant provenances to both diseases were very stable and essentially homeostatic across sites (regression coefficient approaching 0). Resistant provenances were concentrated in the jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) - lodgepole pine hybrid zone and adjacent areas, and provenances from the low-elevation interior wetbelt were also very resistant to needle cast. Geographic patterns of provenance variation revealed that the closer a lodgepole pine provenance is to the limit of jack pine distribution, the higher and more stable is its resistance to western gall rust and needle cast. The current multiple-site evaluation supports for the hypothesis that jack pine introgression influences pest defence in lodgepole pine and suggests genetic selection can be effective.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document