Fascicle nutrient and biomass responses of young loblolly pine to control of woody and herbaceous competitors

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 917-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
B R Zutter ◽  
J H Miller ◽  
H L Allen ◽  
S M Zedaker ◽  
M B Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Competition Study ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
Herbaceous Weed Control ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Positive Effect

Individual fascicle mass and foliar nutrient content and concentration of young loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were evaluated on 13 locations of a regionwide competition study in the southeastern United States. The study included a factorial combination of two levels of herbaceous weed control treatment (none, treated) and two levels of woody treatment (none, treated) following site preparation. At pine age 2 years, herbaceous treatment (HT) and woody treatment (WT) had a positive effect on individual fascicle biomass and content of N, P, and K at nearly all and at least half of the locations, respectively. In general, these effects mirrored responses noted for seedling diameter and height. N concentration increased and P concentration decreased at about half of the locations, while Ca and Mg concentrations decreased on nearly all locations with HT. By age 6 years, effects of HT and WT on fascicle mass and nutrient concentrations and contents became neutral or more neutral across the locations. This is attributed in part to the greater nutrient demand of larger crop pines and associated competition components. A notable exception from neutral effects at age 6, typically occurring on sites with high levels of woody vegetation, was the positive response in K concentration or content and negative response in Ca and Mg concentrations with WT.

Foliar nutrient dynamics of 11-year-old loblolly pine (Pinustaeda) following nitrogen fertilization

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1426-1439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shangshan Zhang ◽  
H. Lee Allen
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Crown Height ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
Internal Balance

Foliar macronutrient (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) concentration, content, retranslocation, internal balance, and variation with crown location and foliage age were quantified in 11-year-old loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) trees grown in two soil nitrogen regimes. Concentrations of N, P, and K decreased with foliage age, while the concentration of Ca increased. Nutrient content of new foliage increased with the elongation of foliage. Estimates of retranslocation were 75%, 73%, 83%, 28%, and less than 5% for N, P, K, Mg, and Ca, respectively. Increases in nutrient content of new foliage were associated with decreases in nutrient content of old foliage, suggesting transfer of nutrients to developing foliage. Concentrations and contents of P and K were greatest in the upper crown. Differences in N concentration among crown locations were small, although N content increased in the upper portion of the crown. Calcium and Mg concentrations decreased with crown height, but their contents generally did not differ among crown locations. Nitrogen fertilization increased N and Ca concentrations and fascicle weight, decreased P and Mg concentrations, and had no significant effect on K concentration. For the purposes of determining nutrient deficiency, our results suggest that foliar samples should be collected from 1-year-old foliage in the midcrown position during the rapid growth period for new shoots.

Soil and pine foliage nutrient responses 15 years after competing-vegetation control and their correlation with growth for 13 loblolly pine plantations in the southern United States

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 2412-2425 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H Miller ◽  
H Lee Allen ◽  
Bruce R Zutter ◽  
Shepard M Zedaker ◽  
Ray A Newbold
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Foliar Nutrition ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Plantation Development ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Influences of competition-control treatments on long-term soil and foliar nutrition were examined using a regional data set (the Competition Omission Monitoring Project) that documents loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation development for 15 years after early intensive woody and (or) herbaceous control. Examined were trends for macro nutrients in soils sampled at years 0 and 15 and in pine foliage at years 2, 6, and 15 and their correlations with one another and with pine growth. Early control treatments resulted in distinct plantation successional patterns with contrasting herbaceous and woody components, all under pine-dominated canopies. There was an overall decrease in soil nutrient concentrations after 15 years of pine-plantation management, while C, N, and Ca decreased most after vegetation control. Early herbaceous treatments resulted in significantly less foliar N and K at year 15 as well. Foliar nutrient contents and fascicle mass at year 2 tended to be better correlated with year-15 pine volume than values at year 6 or year 15. Year-15 P concentrations had the strongest correlations between soil and foliar nutrient levels (r = 0.71–0.77). By year 15, intensive pine culture and vegetation control had placed demands on soil nutrient supplies to support enhanced growth that have not yet been replaced.

Third-Year Growth Response of Loblolly Pine to Eight Levels of Competition Control

1987 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine G. Bacon ◽  
Shepard M. Zedaker
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Best Response ◽  
Competition Control ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
One Year

Abstract The growth response of young loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) to different amounts of competition control was studied in plantations of three ages in the Virginia Piedmont. Eight competition control treatments involved the removal of all, two-thirds, one-third, or none of the hardwoodstems either with or without herbaceous weed control. Results after three growing seasons showed a significant increase in pine diameter and volume growth with competition control. Treatments combining woody and herbaceous control resulted in better pine growth than the same treatments withoutherbaceous control, in the two youngest stands. The best response, obtained with the two-thirds woody plus herbaceous control treatment, resulted in: a 100% increase in volume growth over the check plots in seedlings treated at the beginning of their second growing season in the field; a 93% increase in one-year-old seedlings; and a 53% increase in the growth of seedlings treated before the third growing season. South. J. Appl. For. 11(2):91-95.

Growth of Loblolly Pine Treated With Hexazinone, Sulfometuron Methyl, and Metsulfuron Methyl For Herbaceous Weed Control

1985 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Michael
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Deer Browsing ◽  
Sulfometuron Methyl ◽  
Evening Primrose ◽  
Metsulfuron Methyl ◽  
Herbaceous Weed Control

Abstract Aerial application of 0.25 pounds active ingredient per acre of sulfometuron methyl [Oust(TM), formerly DPX-5648] or 2.0 pounds of hexazinone [Velpar L (TM)] postemergent in May 1982, resulted in good weed control. Weeds controlled on the silty clay coastal plain soil included pokeweed (Phytolacca americana L.), ragweed (Ambrosia sp.), goldenrod (Solidago sp.), and evening primrose (Oenothera sp.). Growth of 1-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings released with sulfometuron methyl or hexazinone was significantly improved in comparison to untreated seedlings. No significant pine mortality was associated with either treatment. On similar sites where blackberry (Rubus sp.), honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica Thunberg), and herbaceous weeds are the major problem, application of sulfometuron methyl from pre-emergence to the postemergent stage (when weeds are up to 12 to 18 inches in height) is recommended. Hexazinone is recommended as a postemergent treatment for herbaceous weed control. Treatment with metsulfuron methyl (formerly DPX-T6376-21) did not result in any growth responses significantly greater than untreated seedlings. Impacts of deer browsing on seedlings resulted in a slight height reduction the first and second growing seasons following planting but by the end of the third growing season browsed seedlings had made up the difference. No diameter differences were associated with deer browsing at any time during the study.

Loblolly pine growth response to herbaceous vegetation control at different planting densities

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 960-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold Quicke ◽  
Glenn Glover ◽  
Ralph S Meldahl
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Herbaceous Vegetation ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Volume Yield ◽  
Volume Response ◽  
Adjustment Term ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Positive Effect

Growth of Pinus taeda L., with and without control of competing herbaceous vegetation, was evaluated over 15 years at planting densities ranging from 747 to 2990 trees/ha. A height response to vegetation control of 0.9 m at age 5 decreased to 0.3 m at age 15. Convergence in the cumulative height between treated and untreated stands did not translate into converging basal area and volume yield. For 1500 and 2200 trees/ha, volume response to early vegetation control increased to age 15. For 800 trees/ha volume gains increased to age 12 and were stable between ages 12 and 15. Higher densities apparently captured more of the site resources made available through vegetation control. Age-15 volume gains for 2200, 1500, and 800 trees/ha were 71 (23%), 48 (17%), and 19 m3·ha-1 (8%), respectively. A separate adjustment term in height and basal-area models captured the short-term positive effect of vegetation control on height growth and longer term basal-area responses. Previously published height and basal-area models were modified to account for planting-density effects.

Comparison of duration and method of herbaceous weed control on loblolly pine response through midrotation

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 2116-2125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwight K. Lauer ◽  
Glenn R. Glover ◽  
Dean H. Gjerstad
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Control Individual ◽  
First Year ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Stem Infection ◽  
Herbaceous Weed Control

Herbaceous weed control studies installed by the Auburn University Silvicultural Herbicide Cooperative to examine response to methods and duration of herbaceous weed control in eight loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) plantations were analyzed to determine stand response through age 9. Studies were designed to compare weed control treatments with an untreated check, weed control methods (band vs. broadcast), and weed control duration (first year vs. first 2 years). Pine growth was increased by weed control on all sites. Growth was increased by an additional year of weed control (duration) on about one-half of the sites, but did not differ between band and broadcast treatments (method). Age 9 volume response above the check averaged 27.3 m3/ha for first-year weed control and 42.9 m3/ha for the first 2 years of weed control. Individual-tree height growth between ages 7 and 9 did not differ by treatment at most sites, but stand volume growth was higher with weed control at six of the eight sites. Uniformity of individual tree size, as represented by the standard deviation of DBH adjusted for dominant height, was more dependent on survival, hardwood encroachment, and level of fusiform rust stem infection, which varied by treatment and site, than on the result of herbaceous weed control per se. Growth projections made with the least intensive weed control treatment at each site indicated that on average, merchantable volume at age 22 with weed control will equal that of an age 25 stand without weed control. Largest gains were on sites where weed control increased survival.

Prescribed Burning and Nutrient Cycling Relationships in Young Loblolly Pine Plantations

1980 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Kodama ◽  
D. H. Van Lear
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Prescribed Fire ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Nutrient Transfer ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
Moving Strip ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract Prescribed burning of young unthinned plantations of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) in the South Carolina Piedmont significantly reduced the quantity of individual nutrients in the L layer, but not the F + H layers of the forest floor. Burning reduced the weight of the L layer by 60 percent but the weight of the combined F + H layers was unaffected by the relatively fast-moving strip-head fires. Nutrient losses by ash convection from the L layer during the prescribed fire ranged from 3.6 lbs/ac for P to 23.1 lbs/ac for N. Some impaction of nutrients released in burning on pine canopies was detected by analysis of throughfall and stemflow. However, quantities of nutrients intercepted and released by the canopy are small when compared to nutrient transfer by leaf fall and precipitation. The canopy and stems markedly altered the nutrient concentrations of intercepted precipitation.

Variation in biomass distribution and nutrient content in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) clones having contrasting crown architecture and growth efficiency

2015 ◽  
Vol 342 ◽  
pp. 84-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelica M. Garcia Villacorta ◽  
Timothy A. Martin ◽  
Eric J. Jokela ◽  
Wendell P. Cropper ◽  
Salvador A. Gezan
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Crown Architecture ◽  
Biomass Distribution ◽  
Pinus Taeda L
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