Effects of conifer release with glyphosate on summer forage abundance for deer in Maine

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1574-1578 ◽  
Author(s):  
J K Vreeland ◽  
F A Servello ◽  
B Griffith
Keyword(s):  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Percent Cover ◽  
Large Herbivores ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Habitat Value ◽  
Treatment Interaction ◽  
Deciduous Shrubs ◽  
Northern Forests ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

Effects of conifer release with glyphosate on summer forage availability for large herbivores in northern forests have received relatively little study. We determined effects of glyphosate treatment of clearcuts on abundance of summer foods for white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) at 1 and 7-10 years posttreatment. We measured the abundance (percent cover in a 0- to 1.8-m height stratum) of five forage classes for deer (leaves of deciduous trees, leaves of deciduous shrubs, forbs, grasses, ferns) on 12 clearcuts (six treated, six untreated) to determine 1-year effects and on 10 clearcuts (five treated, five untreated) to determine 7- to 10-year effects. Abundance of leaves of deciduous trees was greater on untreated sites (38 versus 11%) at 1 year posttreatment, but the difference was less (18 versus 12%) at 7-10 years posttreatment (age × treatment interaction, P = 0.005). Leaves of deciduous shrubs exhibited a similar pattern. Abundance of forbs was similar (13-14%) at 1 year posttreatment but greater on treated sites (29 versus 15%) at 7-10 years posttreatment (P = 0.03). Grasses and ferns were less abundant than other forage classes. Overall, glyphosate application initially decreased the abundance of leaves of deciduous trees and shrubs used as food in summer, but the longer term positive effects on forb abundance may result in little net change in overall habitat value.

Taxonomy of the genusMyrionora, with a second species from South America

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdeněk PALICE ◽  
Christian PRINTZEN ◽  
Toby SPRIBILLE ◽  
Måns SVENSSON ◽  
Tor TØNSBERG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South America ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

AbstractA taxonomic and biogeographic overview of the genusMyrionorais provided. Two species are recognized,M. albidula(Willey) R. C. Harris andM. pseudocyphellariae(Etayo) S. Ekman & Palice comb. nov. The genus is characterized by polysporous asci, the presence of crystals in the hymenium and proper exciple that partly consist of lobaric acid, and a photobiont with large cells (mostly in the range 12–20 µm).Myrionora albidulais currently known from Germany, Norway, Sweden, the Russian Federation (Altayskiy Kray, Chelyabinskaya Oblast', Khabarovskiy Kray and Zabaykal'skiy Kray), and the United States (Alaska, Connecticut, Maine and Massachusetts). It inhabits bark of deciduous trees and shrubs and conifers over a wide range of latitudes.Myrionora pseudocyphellariaeis known from Chile and Ecuador, where it has been encountered on lichens and decaying bark. Based on morphological characteristics, we conclude thatMyrionorabelongs in theRamalinaceae.

scholarly journals Boreal Plant Community Diversity 10 Years After Glyphosate Treatment

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob O. Boateng ◽  
Sybille Haeussler ◽  
Lorne Bedford
Keyword(s):  
Plant Community ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Herb Layer ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Tall Shrub ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

Abstract This study examined 10 and 12 yr posttreatment effects of broadcast and spot application of glyphosate for site preparation on structural diversity, species richness and diversity, and crop tree growth in two boreal forest plant communities in northeastern British Columbia. At the broadcast-sprayed site, reduced dominance of the tall shrub layer was associated with increased structural diversity and increased richness of the herb layer 10 yr after treatment. At the spot-sprayed site, no significant differences in plant community structure or diversity could be detected after 12 yr. At both sites, glyphosate application increased the growth of planted white spruce (Picea glauca) seedlings without eliminating deciduous trees and shrubs. The results indicate that a single application of glyphosate to prepare sites for reforestation can improve crop tree performance without adversely affecting vascular plant community diversity. West. J. Appl. For. 15(1):15-26.

scholarly journals Impact Assessment of Biological Control-Based Integrated Pest Management in Rice and Maize in the Greater Mekong Subregion

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Babendreier ◽  
Min Wan ◽  
Rui Tang ◽  
Rui Gu ◽  
Justice Tambo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

The impact and sustainability of two interventions that have been formulated to introduce integrated pest management (IPM) into rice and maize crops in Southwestern China, Laos, and Myanmar between 2011 and 2016, and were assessed at the end of 2017. From 22 Trichogramma rearing facilities established during the interventions, 11 were still producing substantial quantities of biocontrol agents 1.5 years after project support had ended, while seven had stopped operations completely, and four were doing stock rearing only. Through the implementation of biological control-based IPM, slightly higher yields were achieved in maize and rice (4–10%), when compared to control farmers, but the difference was not statistically significant. However, the use of pesticides nearly halved when farmers started using Trichogramma egg-cards as a biological control agent. Support from either public or private institutions was found to be important for ensuring the sustainability of Trichogramma rearing facilities. Many of the suggested IPM measures were not adopted by smallholder farmers, indicating that the positive impacts of the interventions mostly resulted from the application of Trichogramma biological control agents. The following assessment suggests that further promotion of IPM adoption among farmers is needed to upscale the already positive effects of interventions that facilitate reductions in synthetic pesticide use, and the effects on sustainable agricultural production of rice and maize in the target area more generally.

Autecology of Erythronium grandiflorum in western Canada

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 500-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn C Loewen ◽  
Geraldine A Allen ◽  
Joseph A Antos
Keyword(s):  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Detrended Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Coniferous Forests ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Percent Cover ◽  
Subalpine Meadows ◽  
Associated Species ◽  
Erythronium Grandiflorum

Habitat requirements of the yellow glacier lily, Erythronium grandiflorum Pursh, were studied at 38 sites in southern British Columbia and southwestern Alberta. At each site we recorded densities of E. grandiflorum growth stages from seedling to flowering, environmental characteristics of the site, and percent cover of associated plant species. We carried out detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) of the sites based on cover of associated species, and examined rank correlations between site environmental variables and site ordination scores. Variation among sites was related primarily to elevation and the presence of deciduous vs. coniferous trees. All growth stages of E. grandiflorum were less abundant in coniferous forests than in open areas or sites with deciduous trees, suggesting that evergreen canopies restrict the species on many sites where it could otherwise grow. Although E. grandiflorum populations were most commonly found in subalpine meadows, they flowered more abundantly in low-elevation populations. Recruitment was frequent, with seedlings occurring at many sites; we also showed that detached bulb segments can give rise to new ramets. The present widespread distribution of E. grandiflorum may derive from a post-glacial period with extensive meadow habitat that was favourable for rapid spread.Key words: canopy cover, elevation, yellow glacier lily, post-glacial migration, subalpine meadows.

scholarly journals Agroforestry for ruminants: a review of trees and shrubs as fodder in silvopastoral temperate and tropical production systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Vandermeulen ◽  
Carlos Alberto Ramírez-Restrepo ◽  
Yves Beckers ◽  
Hugues Claessens ◽  
Jérôme Bindelle
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Airborne Pollutants ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Trees And Shrubs ◽  
Salix Spp ◽  
Feeding Systems

Among the oldest agroforestry systems, silvopastoralism uses shrubs and trees to feed ruminants. The practice is common in extensive livestock production systems, whereas the intensification of grass-based systems in the past century has led to the removal of woody species from agricultural temperate landscapes. In Europe however, woody species are promoted again on grasslands through environment-friendly policies due to the ecosystem services they provide such as carbon sequestration, control of soil erosion, limitation of airborne pollutants and biodiversity conservation. Positive effects of browse on rumen digestion and parasite control have also been documented across different plant species and regions. Under optimal conditions, feeding ruminants from woody fodder sustains animal production. Nonetheless, limitations can restrict the use of woody forage into animal diets, such as the presence of anti-nutritive and toxic compounds. The incorporation of this resource in ruminant feeding systems raises the question of the management of the interface between the plant and the animal. Various management systems are practiced. Temperate species such as Salix spp. and Populus spp. are fed to sheep and cattle in fodder blocks or by pruning trees in New Zealand, and Fraxinus spp. or Corylus avellana in hedgerows supply forage to livestock in Belgium, whereas Leucaena leucocepahala and Desmanthus spp. browsing is common in Australia. Nowadays, ensiling and pelleting techniques are being developed as a way to store browse forage. As the renewed interest in using shrubs and trees to feed ruminants is recent, especially in temperate regions, additional research about the optimal introduction of this resource within systems is needed.

scholarly journals Clinical Outcomes of Tanezumab With Different Dosages for Patient With Osteoarthritis: Network Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Hu ◽  
Ya-Feng Song ◽  
Zhi-Yan Yang ◽  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Bo Tan
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Disability Rate ◽  
Safety Event ◽  
Treatment Interaction ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Meta Analyses

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) high disability rate will increase as people getting older, and is the most prevalent form of arthritis in the future. This study identified the clinical effects of optimum doses of tanezumab for patients with OA.Method: Three electronic databases were searched up until January 15, 2021. The mean difference (MD) or odds ratio (OR) was considered an effect measure. The design-by-treatment interaction model was adopted for network meta-analyses. Analyses were conducted using WinBUGS 1.4.3 and R 4.0.5 software.Results: nine publications with 10 studies were included. Compared with placebo in network meta-analysis, except the outcomes of Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) stiffness subscale and joints replaced, all dosages of tanezumab in the other effectiveness outcome were superior to placebo, and the difference was statistically significant. However, there was no statistical difference among all different doses of tanezumab. Compared with placebo, except the outcomes of adverse events (AEs) and AEs of abnormal peripheral sensation, all different dosages of tanezumab weren’t superior to placebo in the other effectiveness outcome, and the difference was statistically significant. The 10 mg of tanezumab with highest SUCRA had the best effect, but it was associated with a higher safety event. Compared with placebo, except the outcomes of WOMAC stiffness subscale and joints replaced, all dosages of tanezumab in the other effectiveness outcome were superior to placebo, and the difference was statistically significant. Compared with placebo, except for the outcomes of AEs and AEs of abnormal peripheral sensation, all dosages of tanezumab in the other effectiveness outcome were superior to placebo, and the difference was statistically significant. Other direct comparisons showed no statistical difference.Conclusion: This study recommended that clinicians should give priority to the treatment of OA patients with a low dose of 2.5 mg according to the patient’s condition and actual situation. If the effect using tanezumab with 2.5 mg is not satisfactory, the increase up to 10 mg should be carefully pondered, because of a more unbalanced risk/benefit ratio.

scholarly journals Analysis of dendroflora of the taras shevchenko park in the city of Ternopil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Dudyn ◽  
◽  
O. M. Bahatska ◽  
M. P. Kurnytsʹka ◽  
L. S. Yashchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plants ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Regional Centers ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
The City ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

The city of Ternopil is one of the regional centers of Ukraine, the rate of landscaping which is one of the highest. Among the plantations of the city with a large area (22,0 hectares) stands out the park of Taras Shevchenko, located on the banks of the Ternopil pond. V.M. Chernyak, V.O. Burma, I.O. Pyatkivsky, R.B. Dudyn, P.P. Tsaryk, S.M. Pidkhovna and others studied the flora of the city of Ternopil and the region. The dendroflora of the park includes 55 taxa of trees, shrubs and vines, which belong to 38 genera and 24 families. The most numerous in terms of number of representatives are the families Rosaceae and Pinaceae. The total number of woody plants is 1836 specimens. The park is significantly dominated by deciduous trees and shrubs (82%). In general, trees make up 77%, of which conifers – 12,4%. All woody plants of the park are phanerophytes, and mesophanerophytes dominate – 62%. In relation to light, light-loving species predominate (68%). 51% of plants are cold-resistant and only 19% are heat-loving. Most of the park's plants are resistant to environmental pollution (only 10% are not gas-resistant). The results of the study of plants in relation to fertility and soil moisture indicate favorable conditions for their growth and development, as most of them show medium and high demands on habitat conditions: 69% are meso- and mesohygrophytes and 56% – megatrophs. Based on the sanitary assessment of the plantations, it was found that about 8,5% of the park's plants have various damages: frost cracks, core rot, coppice, hollows. 8 dead trees were found, 32 specimens need sanitary pruning. 17 plants are recommended for removal for various reasons.

scholarly journals “Study of Phenology of Woody Flora of Gulmarg and Its Neighbourhood” for Landscape Use

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Azfar Bashir Nanda ◽  
Nelofar . ◽  
Raiz Ahmed Lone
Keyword(s):  
Ground Cover ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Kashmir Valley ◽  
Woody Vines ◽  
Landscape Use ◽  
Broad Leaf ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

The present investigation entitled “Study of phenology of ornamental flora of Gulmarg and its neighbourhood for landscape use” conducted during the years 2008-2010 in Gulmarg area of Kashmir valley. For this purpose four representative zones including zone A. ferozpur (1880 m.asl) and Tangmarg (2153 m.asl), zone B. Drang. (2218 m.asl) zone C. Doobi ghat (2218 m.asl), Gulmarg (2688 m.asl) and Baba reshi (2703 m.asl) and zone D. khelanmarg (3041 m.asl) were selected and recorded observations on flower emergence by making exploratory trips to these sites. Phonological spectrum of the flora of deciduous trees and shrubs, broad leaf evergreen trees and shrubs, deciduous woody vines, ground covers and evergreen ground cover shrubs revealed maximum availability of flowers during spring followed by summer and autumn.

scholarly journals Light conditions alter accumulation of long chain polyprenols in leaves of trees and shrubs throughout the vegetation season.

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Bajda ◽  
Tadeusz Chojnacki ◽  
Józefina Hertel ◽  
Ewa Swiezewska ◽  
Jacek Wójcik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Vegetation Season ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Trees And Shrubs ◽  
Long Chain

In many plants belonging to angiosperms and gymnosperms the accumulation in leaves of long chain polyprenols and polyprenyl esters during growth in natural habitats depends on the light intensity. The amount of polyprenols in leaves is also positively correlated with the thickness of the leaf blade (SLA, specific leaf area). The polyprenol content of leaves shows seasonal changes with a maximum in autumn and a minimum in early summer with the difference between poorly and well illuminated plants persisting throughout the vegetation season.

scholarly journals Improving Students' Score in the General Aptitude Test with Test Repetition without the Need of Professional Training: تحسّن درجة الطالب في اختبار القدرات العامة بتكرار أخذه للاختبار ولو بدون تدريب احترافي

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (36) ◽  
pp. 93-76
Author(s):  
Mohammad Saleh Al-Johani, Ali Ahmad Al-Subaihi Mohammad Saleh Al-Johani, Ali Ahmad Al-Subaihi
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Aptitude Test ◽  
School Students ◽  
Future Aspirations ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Third ◽  
General Aptitude Test ◽  
The Difference

This study aimed to identify the extent to which students' score on the General Aptitude Test (GAT) improved when taking the test more than once. The semi-experimental approach was applied for its relevance to the objectives of the current study to follow up on the experience of repeating the GAT several times by the target students. The study sample consisted of (40) high school students who took the GAT (once, twice, three times, four times). The results of the study showed statistically significant differences between students’ scores on the GAT according to the difference in the number of times they took the test; the students’ score improved when they took the test more than once. Besides, the study showed that there were no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05) between the average score on the GAT in the second time and the average score in the third time; there is no improvement in their grades the third time compared to their scores the second time. The study recommended educating students to take the test more than once, in order to achieve the best possible result. The study concluded that taking the test more than once has positive effects on the student and their families and mitigate worrying about the process of repeating the test. Finally, in light of the results, the study suggested conducting some studies with the aim to investigate the students’ reluctance to repeat the test four times and a study to identify the forms of professional training necessary for students to test and study the training's impact on students' psychology and their future aspirations.

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