Genetic diversity in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris): influence of historical and prehistorical events

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 1135-1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
R C Schmidtling ◽  
V Hipkins
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Polymorphic Locus ◽  
Longleaf Pine ◽  
Pinus Palustris ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Allozyme Diversity ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Diversity Measures ◽  
The Mean

Genetic diversity of allozymes at 24 loci was studied in 23 populations of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.), including three seed orchard populations and an old-growth stand. Overall, the mean number of alleles per polymorphic locus was 2.9, the percentage of polymorphic loci was 92%, and the mean expected heterozygosity was 0.105. These values are comparable with diversity measures found in a similar loblolly pine (Pinus taedaL.) study. Diversity measures of the seed orchard sources and the old-growth stand were similar to those in the other natural seed sources. F statistics indicate very little inbreeding overall (FIS = -0.002) and low differentiation among populations (FST = 0.041). All measures of genetic diversity were significantly related to longitude; western sources tended to have more allozyme diversity. Since growth or survival are not related to longitude, and no important climatic variables are related to longitude within the natural range of longleaf, it is proposed that the east-west variation in longleaf pine is a result of migration from a single refugium in the west (south Texas or northeastern Mexico) after the Pleistocene.

Neighborhood Effects on Juveniles in an Old-Growth Stand of Longleaf Pine, Pinus palustris

Oikos ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan L. Grace ◽  
William J. Platt
Keyword(s):  
Neighborhood Effects ◽  
Longleaf Pine ◽  
Pinus Palustris ◽  
Old Growth

Long-term stand dynamics of old-growth mountain longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) woodlands

2016 ◽  
Vol 364 ◽  
pp. 154-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darcy H. Hammond ◽  
J. Morgan Varner ◽  
Zhaofei Fan ◽  
John S. Kush
Keyword(s):  
Longleaf Pine ◽  
Pinus Palustris ◽  
Stand Dynamics ◽  
Old Growth

Using silvicultural practices to regulate competition, resource availability, and growing conditions for Pinus palustris seedlings underplanted in Pinus taeda forests

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 902-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin O. Knapp ◽  
G. Geoff Wang ◽  
Joan L. Walker ◽  
Huifeng Hu
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
Longleaf Pine ◽  
Pinus Palustris ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Growing Conditions

In the southeastern United States, many forest managers are interested in restoring longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) to upland sites that currently support loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). We quantified the effects of four canopy treatments (uncut Control; MedBA, harvest to 9 m2·ha−1; LowBA, harvest to 5 m2·ha−1; and Clearcut) and three cultural treatments (NT, no treatment; H, herbicide release of longleaf pine seedlings; and H+F, herbicide release plus fertilization) on resource availability and growing conditions in relation to longleaf pine seedling response for 3 years. Harvesting treatments reduced competition from canopy trees but resulted in greater abundance of understory vegetation. Harvesting shifted the interception of light from the canopy to the subcanopy vegetation layer; however, total light availability at the forest floor increased with the intensity of canopy removal. Soil moisture was not affected by harvesting or by the cultural treatments. Foliar nutrient concentrations (N, P, and K) of longleaf pine seedlings generally increased with the intensity of the harvest treatment. Of the plant resources measured, we found that light was most strongly correlated with longleaf pine seedling growth and that incorporating the interception of light by subcanopy vegetation improved the relationship over that of canopy light transmittance alone.

scholarly journals Is it possible to obtain zero estimates of genetic diversity? A case study of the Nigerian indigeneous goat breeds at the β-lactoglobulin gene locus

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-388
Author(s):  
Emeka Ezewudo ◽  
Geka Abubakar ◽  
Sunday Egena ◽  
Olushola Alabi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Gene Locus ◽  
Polymorphic Locus ◽  
Information Index ◽  
Expected Heterozygosity ◽  
Goat Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Β Lactoglobulin

The current investigation was conducted to appraise the genetic diversity and genetic distance of three goat populations namely; Red Sokoto, Sahel and West African Dwarf (WAD), in Nigeria, making use of blood samples collected from 20, 20 and 20 individual from which blood DNAs were extraction, respectively. The DNAs extracted were used to study polymorphism at the ?-lactoglobulin gene locus using RLFP-PCR process. Results revealed that the mean total number of alleles was 1 while the effective number of alleles was also 1. The percentage of polymorphic locus was 0% while Shannon?s information index, observed homozygousity, expected heterozygosity, unbiased expected heterozygosity and inbreeding coefficient (F) were all observed to be 0.000. The pairwise Fst was 0.000 between all the breeds of goats. Variation within and between the populations of goats was 0% at p>0.05. The genetic distance between the goat breeds was 0.000. The present study revealed that RLFP-PCR may not be a powerful tool for the study of the ?-lactoglobulin gene locus and hence other methodologies should be employed for a broader judgment on the genetic status of the goat population at the locus.

scholarly journals WholeTree Substrates Derived from Three Species of Pine in Production of Annual Vinca

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn B. Fain ◽  
Charles H. Gilliam ◽  
Jeff L. Sibley ◽  
Cheryl R. Boyer
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Longleaf Pine ◽  
Pinus Palustris ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Hammer Mill ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Pine Trees

The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential for use of container substrates composed of processed whole pine trees (WholeTree). Three species [loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), slash pine (Pinus elliottii), and longleaf pine (Pinus palustris)] of 8- to 10-year-old pine trees were harvested at ground level and the entire tree was chipped with a tree chipper. Chips from each tree species were processed with a hammer mill to pass through a 0.374-inch screen. On 29 June 2005 1-gal containers were filled with substrates, placed into full sun under overhead irrigation, and planted with a single liner (63.4 cm3) of ‘Little Blanche’ annual vinca (Catharanthus roseus). The test was repeated on 27 Aug. 2005 with ‘Raspberry Red Cooler’ annual vinca. Pine bark substrate had about 50% less air space and 32% greater water holding capacity than the other substrates. At 54 days after potting (DAP), shoot dry weights were 15% greater for plants grown in 100% pine bark substrate compared with plants grown in the three WholeTree substrates. However, there were no differences in plant growth indices for any substrate at 54 DAP. Plant tissue macronutrient content was similar among all substrates. Tissue micronutrient content was similar and within sufficiency ranges with the exception of manganese. Manganese was highest for substrates made from slash pine and loblolly pine. Root growth was similar among all treatments. Results from the second study were similar. Based on these results, WholeTree substrates derived from loblolly pine, slash pine, or longleaf pine have potential as an alternative, sustainable source for producing short-term horticultural crops.

GENIC HETEROZYGOSITY AND PROTEIN POLYMORPHISM AMONG LOCAL POPULATIONS OF OENOTHERA BIENNIS

Genetics ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-491
Author(s):  
Donald A Levin
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Gene Frequency ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Polymorphic Locus ◽  
Cook County ◽  
Oenothera Biennis ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT Twenty enzyme loci were studied in 44 Illinois populations of Oenothera biennis; four were polymorphic. Most of the variation was distributed between populations. Fifty-nine percent of the populations had one genotype, 27% two genotypes and the remaining 16% from three to five genotypes; the average was 1.50. The proportion of genetic diversity present in single populations is.38 of that present in the state. Members of single populations were uniformly heterozygous for 1 to 4 loci. The mean heterozygosity per population ranged from 0 to 20%. For Illinois populations collectively, heterozygosity averaged 4.5%. There was much gene frequency heterogeneity between populations. The true standardized genetic variance among populations for alleles at polymorphic loci varied from.40 to.78. Populations from Cook County were much more similar inter se than those downstate, had fewer genotypes and polymorphic loci, and had less heterozygosity than downstate populations. The mean normalized genetic identity among Cook County populations was.987 versus.947 for downstate populations. The mean number of genotypes per population in Cook County was 1.06 versus 2.40 in downstate populations. There was only one polymorphic locus in Cook County, VLP. The genetic structure of Oe. biennis suggests that single populations are colonized by one, or at best a few individuals. Cook County populations are judged to be less variable than downstate populations because the mean age of the populations probably is less than that of those downstate.

scholarly journals Twenty Years of Prescribed Burning Influence the Development of Direct-Seeded Longleaf Pine on a Wet Pine Site in Louisiana

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Haywood ◽  
Harold E. Grelen
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Longleaf Pine ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Pinus Palustris ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Longleaf Pines ◽  
Initial Research

Abstract Prescribed burning treatments were applied over a 20 yr period in a completely randomized field study to determine the effects of various fire regimes on vegetation in a direct seeded stand of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.). Seeding was done in November 1968. The study area was broadcast-burned about 16 months after seeding. The initial research treatments were applied in 1973, and as many as 12 research burns were applied through 1993. Pines were measured in March 1995. Prescribed burning resulted in a greater stocking of longleaf pine (an average of 598 trees/ac) on treated plots than on unburned plots (30 trees/ac). However, on the burned treatments, longleaf pines were significantly smaller (2.5 ft3/tree of stemwood) than were the unburned trees (3.7ft3/tree of stemwood). Half of the treated plots were burned in early March, and the other half were burned in early May. Seasons of burning did not significantly influence longleaf pine stocking. However, use of fire in May resulted in significantly greater basal area (100 ft2/ac) and stemwood production (1,921 ft3/ac) than burning in March (59 ft2/ac and 909 ft3/ac). Fire effectively kept natural loblolly pine (P. taeda L.) seedlings from reaching sapling size, but loblolly saplings and poles dominated the unburned plots (710 trees/ac). When all pines were considered on all treatments, stocking ranged from 467 to 740 trees/ac, but stocking was not significantly different among treatments. The unburned plots had significantly greater total basal area (149 ft2/ac) and stemwood productivity (2,918 ft3/ac) than the burned treatments (82 ft2/ac and 1,459 ft3 /ac). Likewise, hardwoods that were at least 1 in. dbh were more common on unburned p lots (327 stems/ac) than on burned treatments (58 stems/ac). South. J. Appl. For. 24(2):86-92.

scholarly journals Growth of Longleaf and Loblolly Pine Planted on South Carolina Sandhill Sites

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle M. Cram ◽  
Kenneth W. Outcalt ◽  
Stanley J. Zarnoch
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Longleaf Pine ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Pinus Palustris ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Bareroot Seedlings

Abstract Performance of longleaf (Pinus palustris Mill.) and loblolly pine (P. taeda L.) were compared 15–19 years after outplanting on 10 different sites in the sandhills of South Carolina. The study was established from 1988 to 1992 with bareroot seedlings artificially inoculated with Pisolithus tinctorius (Pt) or naturally inoculated with mycorrhizae in the nursery. A containerized longleaf pine treatment with and without Pt inoculation was added to two sites in 1992. Effects of the Pt nursery treatment were mixed, with a decrease in survival of bareroot longleaf pine on two sites and an increase in survival on another site. The containerized longleaf pine treatment substantially increased survival, which led to greater volume compared with bareroot longleaf pine. Loblolly pine yielded more volume than longleaf pine on all sites but one, where survival was negatively affected by fire. Depth of sandy surface horizon affected mean annual height growth of both loblolly and longleaf pine. Height growth per year decreased with an increase in sand depth for both species. Multiple regression analysis of volume growth (ft3/ac per year) for both species indicated a strong relationship to depth of sandy soil and survival. After 15–19 years, loblolly pine has been more productive than longleaf pine, although longleaf pine productivity may be equal to or greater than that of loblolly pine on the soils with the deepest sandy surface layers over longer rotations.

Differential impacts of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis, on Pinus palustris and Pinus taeda

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 1427-1437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas A. Friedenberg ◽  
Brenda M. Whited ◽  
Daniel H. Slone ◽  
Sharon J. Martinson ◽  
Matthew P. Ayres
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Longleaf Pine ◽  
Pinus Palustris ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Thanasimus Dubius ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle

Patterns of host use by herbivore pests can have serious consequences for natural and managed ecosystems but are often poorly understood. Here, we provide the first quantification of large differential impacts of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, on loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., and longleaf pine, Pinus palustris P. Mill., and evaluate putative mechanisms for the disparity. Spatially extensive survey data from recent epidemics indicate that, per square kilometre, stands of loblolly versus longleaf pine in four forests (380–1273 km2) sustained 3–18 times more local infestations and 3–116 times more tree mortality. Differences were not attributable to size or age structure of pine stands. Using pheromone-baited traps, we found no differences in the abundance of dispersing D. frontalis or its predator Thanasimus dubius Fabricius between loblolly and longleaf stands. Trapping triggered numerous attacks on trees, but the pine species did not differ in the probability of attack initiation or in the surface area of bark attacked by growing aggregations. We found no evidence for postaggregation mechanisms of discrimination or differential success on the two hosts, suggesting that early colonizers discriminate between host species before a pheromone plume is present.

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