Dendroécologie comparée du sapin blanc (Abies alba) et de l'épicéa commun (Picea abies) dans une vallée alpine de France

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 737-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole Desplanque ◽  
Christian Rolland ◽  
Richard Michalet
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Physiological Effect ◽  
Ring Formation ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Alpine Valley ◽  
Upper Level

A comparative dendroecological study was carried out in an alpine valley of France (Haute-Tarentaise, Savoie) to analyze the climatic influence on the radial growth of the silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) and the Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.). Ten populations were sampled at three altitudes on two exposures (North and South). For each population, a chronology of ring-width indices was standardized with a 7-year weighted moving average and with a residue chronology by autoregressive modelling. Then, correlation functions were calculated between growth indices standardized with both methods and climate with an iterative process (bootstrap). The climatic window used here covers 3 years, with mean monthly data of precipitation and temperature. The summer is the most important period for the spruce, which shows a transition along the altitude. This species is successively sensitive to drought at the lower level (year n of ring formation), sensitive to the previous hot summer (n - 1) at the intermediate level, and sensitive to the cold the same year (n) at the upper level. Fir growth is favoured by a rainy previous summer (n - 1) and a hot summer n at the highest altitude on northern slopes, with a difference between northern and southern slopes stronger than for spruce. The interspecific comparison reveals that the fir uses soil water more efficiently and is thermophile, whereas the spruce is more sensible to summer drought. The influence of the year preceding ring formation appears with both methods of standardization and seems to show a real physiological effect.

scholarly journals Effects of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) on the humus forms in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) stands

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Podrázský Vilém ◽  
Vacek Zdeněk ◽  
Kupka Ivo ◽  
Vacek Stanislav ◽  
Třeštík Michal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
Top Soil

The effects of silver fir (Abies alba Miller) on the soil compared to Norway spruce (Picea abies (Linnaeus) H. Karsten) were evaluated. Altitude of the study site is 790 m a.s.l., mild slope of 10° facing SW, forest site is spruce-beech on acid soil. The forest floor and top soil horizons (L + F1, F2 + H, Ah) were sampled in 4 replications beneath unmixed Norway spruce and silver fir groups. Comparing the soil-forming effects of both species, few significant differences were found in the Ah horizon – contents of total C, N, exchangeable Al and plant available Ca were higher beneath spruce. The soil improving role of silver fir compared to spruce was confirmed at the studied locality.

Direct seeding of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) to convert Norway spruce (Picea Abies L.) forests in Europe: A review

2017 ◽  
Vol 403 ◽  
pp. 61-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franka Huth ◽  
Alexandra Wehnert ◽  
Katharina Tiebel ◽  
Sven Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Silver Fir

Tree rings used to assess time since death of deadwood of different decay classes in beech and silver fir forests in the central Apennines (Molise, Italy)

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 821-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Lombardi ◽  
Paolo Cherubini ◽  
Bruno Lasserre ◽  
Roberto Tognetti ◽  
Marco Marchetti
Keyword(s):  
Ring Width ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Decay Rates ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Time Since Death ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Decomposition Rates ◽  
Central Apennines ◽  
The Relationship

We investigated the relationship between time since death and morphological characteristics of Abies alba Mill. (European silver fir) and Fagus sylvatica L. (European beech) stumps in two forest stands in the central Apennines. At each site, 15 or 16 living trees were selected, and increment cores were collected to build master ring-width chronologies. For both sites, cross sections were collected from stumps. Samples were assigned to visually discernible decay classes, and their death date dendrochronologically determined. Using cross-dating techniques, stumps cross-dated significantly with standard chronologies, and it was possible to assign a year of death to 77% and 69% of sampled A. alba and F. sylvatica stumps, respectively. Analysis of the time since death of the stumps suggests that the two species have similar decay rates, although A. alba was faster in passing from class 2 to class 3. However, this study revealed a continuum through decay classes and showed a high variability in the transition rate from one class to another. Overall, information obtained using dendrochronological techniques was valuable for assessing deadwood decomposition rates. The variability found in stump decomposition rates indicates that existing decay classification schemes, although providing information on decomposition timing, are hardly applicable to these forest stands and that the relationship between qualitatively assessed decay classes and time since death of trees appears to be rather weak.

scholarly journals Post-glacial re-colonization and natural selection have shaped growth responses of silver fir across Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabet Martínez-Sancho ◽  
Christian Rellstab ◽  
Frédéric Guillaume ◽  
Christof Bigler ◽  
Patrick Fonti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Extreme Drought ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Bioclimatic Variables ◽  
The Impact

<p>Warmer climate and more frequent extreme droughts will pose major threats to forest ecosystems. Persistence of intra-specific populations of tree species will depend on their tolerance and adaptive capacities to forthcoming climate conditions. However, past demography processes due to post-glacial recolonization can also contribute to the genetic-based differences in growth responses among provenances. In this study, we investigated the impact of climatic conditions on growth traits among 18 provenances of silver fir (<em>Abies alba </em>Mill.) from west, south and eastern Europe growing in two provenance trials established in Switzerland in 1980s. We further assessed whether the differences in growth-related traits across provenances were linked to their genetic differences due to recolonization history and natural selection processes.</p><p>In total 250 individuals were measured and cored for dendrochronological analyses, and different growth-related traits were calculated: i) total tree height and diameter at breast height (DBH), ii) growth-climate relationships using correlations between tree-ring width and monthly climate parameters as well as levels of autocorrelation, and iii) short-term responses to extreme drought using resilience components (resilience, resistance, and recovery) to the severe drought that occurred in the study area in 2003. We also genotyped all the individuals in 150 putatively neutral single nucleotide polymorphisms to define the neutral genetic structure of the population, the neutral genetic differentiation among provenances (<em>F<sub>ST</sub></em>) and the genetic variation among provenances in relation to the total genetic variance in a trait (<em>Q<sub>ST</sub></em>). Signs of natural selection were assessed by two approaches: i) Pearson correlations between the least-square means of provenances of the traits and bioclimatic variables from the seed origin, and ii) <em>Q<sub>ST</sub>-F<sub>ST</sub></em> comparison.</p><p>The studied provenances grouped into three longitudinal clusters reassembling the genetic lineages of refugia from the last glacial maximum: the provenance of the Pyrenees as a sole member of the westernmost cluster, the Central European provenances representing the central cluster and all the eastern European provenances forming the eastern cluster. These three lineages showed differences in growth performance traits (height and DBH), with the trees from the eastern cluster being the top performers. The Pyrenees cluster showed significantly lower recovery and resilience to the extreme drought of 2003 as well as lower values of growth autocorrelation. A <em>Q<sub>ST</sub>-F<sub>ST</sub></em> and correlation analyses with climate of provenance origin suggest that the differences among provenances found in some traits result from natural selection. Our study suggests that post-glacial re-colonization and natural selection are the major drivers explaining the intra-specific variability in growth of silver fir across Europe. These findings provide insights to support assisted gene flow to ensure the persistence of the species in European forests.</p>

scholarly journals Xylem Phenology and Growth Response of European Beech, Silver Fir and Scots Pine along an Elevational Gradient during the Extreme Drought Year 2018

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Elena Larysch ◽  
Dominik Florian Stangler ◽  
Mona Nazari ◽  
Thomas Seifert ◽  
Hans-Peter Kahle
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Elevational Gradient ◽  
Silver Fir

Highlights: European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) displayed parabolic elevational trends of the cessation of xylem cell differentiation phases. Xylem phenology and growth rates of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) appeared to be less influenced by the 2018 drought, whereas beech reduced growth on the lowest elevation and fir seemed negatively affected in general. Background: The year 2018 was characterized by multiple drought periods and heat waves during the growing season. Our aim was to understand species-specific responses of xylem phenology and growth to drought and how this effect was modified along an elevational gradient. Materials and Methods: We sampled microcores and increment cores along an elevational gradient in the southwestern Black Forest (SW Germany) region and analyzed xylem phenology and growth response to drought. Results: Termination of cell enlargement and lignification occurred earliest in beech and latest in pine. Beech had the highest growth rates but shortest growth durations, fir achieved moderate rates and medium durations and pine had lowest growth rates despite long growth durations. In contrast to pine, onsets of cell differentiation phases of fir and beech did not show clear linear relationships with elevation. Cessation of cell production and lignification of beech and fir followed a parabolic elevational trend and occurred earliest on low elevations, whereas pine showed no changes with elevation. Tree-ring width, generally, depended 3–4 times more on the growth rate than on growth duration. Conclusions: The possibly drought-induced early cessation of cell differentiation and considerable growth reduction of beech appeared to be most severe on the lowest elevation. In comparison, growth reductions of fir were larger and seemed independent from elevation. We found evidence, that productivity might be severely affected at lower elevations, whereas at high elevations wood production might not equally benefit during global warming.

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