Ecological analyses of the northernmost population of pitch pine (Pinus rigida)

1997 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 1342-1350 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Meilleur ◽  
J Brisson ◽  
A Bouchard
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Rigida ◽  
Pitch Pine

Characterizing Canopy Fuels to Predict Fire Behavior in Pitch Pine Stands

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Duveneck ◽  
William A. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Fire Behavior ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Crown Fire ◽  
Pinus Rigida ◽  
Canopy Fuels ◽  
Pitch Pine ◽  
Thinning Operations ◽  
Pine Stands

Abstract Destructive sampling of 31 pitch pine (Pinus rigida P. Mill) trees ranging in dbh from 2.7 to 42.5 cm and in height from 4.1 to 23.8 m provided a complete inventory of needles and small-diameter branch weights used to characterize canopy fuels to predict fire behavior in pitch pine stands. Regression equations using dbh as an independent variable predict canopy bulk density with an r2 > 0.93. The results provide managers with a method of evaluating the effectiveness of thinning operations in reducing crown fire potential in well-stocked stands. To demonstrate the application of the method, we calculated the wind speed (Crowning Index [CI]) needed to sustain an active crown fire in thinned and unthinned pitch pine stands in Montague, Massachusetts. Thinning to 2.8 m2/ha basal area increased the CI from 34 to 98 km/hour.

Nitrogen source effects on Al toxicity in nonmycorrhizal and mycorrhizal pitch pine (Pinus rigida) seedlings. II. Nitrate reduction and NO3− uptake

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2653-2659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan R. Cumming
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Nitrate Reduction ◽  
Al Toxicity ◽  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Pinus Rigida ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Pitch Pine ◽  
Nr Activity

Nitrogen source utilization, mediated by the ectomycorrhizal symbiont Pisolithus tinctorius, may modulate Al toxicity in pitch pine (Pinus rigida) seedlings. Nitrate reduction, occurring primarily in the roots of pitch pine seedlings, represents a critical metabolic pathway that may be directly sensitive to Al or indirectly affected by changes in NO3− availability associated with Al exposure or mycorrhizal infection. To investigate these possibilities, pitch pine seedlings were grown in sand culture with NO3−, NH4NO3, or NH4+ and exposed to 0 or 200 μM Al for 6 weeks. Foliar N concentrations, root nitrate reductase (NR) activity, and Al inhibition of NR activity were highly dependent on the proportion of NO3− of the nutrient solution. The association of Pisolithus tinctorius with seedling roots reduced both root and foliar NR activity compared with non-inoculated controls, suggesting that NO3− uptake and translocation to foliage was reduced by the symbiont. This was confirmed by using 36ClO3− to measure unidirectional plasma membrane NO3− fluxes. Mycorrhizal root tips absorbed 50% less NO3− than nonmycorrhizal root tips. Preferential use of NH4+ by ectomycorrhizal roots may thus result in reduced movement of Al into root tissue and amelioration of Al toxicity. Key words: Pinus rigida, ectomycorrhizae, aluminum toxicity, nitrogen source.

Changes in radial increment of host and nonhost tree species with gypsy moth defoliation

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1365-1373 ◽  
Author(s):  
R M Muzika ◽  
A M Liebhold
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Radial Increment ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Pinus Rigida ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Pitch Pine ◽  
Relative Production ◽  
Preferred Hosts

Ring widths from 1458 trees from Massachusetts, New York, and New Jersey were measured to determine the influence of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) defoliation on both hosts (primarily oaks (Quercus spp.)) and nonhosts. Previous year's defoliation negatively influenced radial increment in all oak species. Defoliation also negatively affected radial growth of pitch pine (Pinus rigida Mill.), an intermediate host. There was little or no effect of defoliation on increment of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) and bigtooth aspen (Populus grandidentata Michx.), but both are preferred hosts. Defoliation of host trees in mixed stands resulted in increased increment in the nonhosts tulip-tree (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) and ash (Fraxinus spp.) in the year following defoliation. The effect of defoliation was also evident in the relative production of earlywood and latewood with a pronounced dominance of earlywood production in host trees during the same year as defoliation and often in the following year.

scholarly journals Assessment of Restoration Effects and Invasive Potential Based on Vegetation Dynamics of Pitch Pine (Pinus rigida Mill.) Plantation in Korea

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 568
Author(s):  
Hansol Lee ◽  
Ji Hong An ◽  
Hyun Chul Shin ◽  
Chang Seok Lee
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Invasive Potential ◽  
Pinus Rigida ◽  
Pitch Pine ◽  
Pine Stands

During the period of Japanese occupation (1910–1945) and the Korean War (1950–1953), extensive areas of forest were severely degraded by over-harvesting and fire in Korea. In addition, intensive use of the forest-resources to obtain fuel, organic compost, livestock feed, and so on contributed to forest degradation. As a result, the South Korean government launched large-scale tree planting projects to reforest the denuded mountains particularly in the 1960s. This study aims to evaluate the restoration effects of the pitch pine (Pinus rigida Mill.) plantations and further diagnose the invasive potential of the pitch pine. To arrive at the goals, we investigated the changes of vegetation and soil characteristics in different chronosequences in the pitch pine plantations and in native forests, which were selected as reference stands. Pitch pine plantations were usually planted on mountainous land, which is characterized by an elevation of below 300 m above sea level and a gentle slope below 20°. The species composition of the pitch pine forestations was different depending on the study site but tended to resemble that of the reference stands in the years after forestation. The species diversity showed an increasing trend in response to stand age. The frequency distribution of diameter classes of dominant tree species showed a trend for pitch pine plantations to succeed to native oak stands. A change in canopy profiles depending on stand age also proved the successional trend. The establishment and development of pitch pine plantations for reforestation contributed to erosion control and improved the physic-chemical properties of the soil and thus prepared a basis for the recovery of native vegetation. Such changes in vegetation and soil confirmed that the pitch pine plantations successfully achieved the restoration goals. On the other hand, mature pitch pine stands reproduced young pitch pine stands by self-seeding on the slopes of various sorts of roads including expressways. This shows that pitch pine is successfully established in Korea and thereby the species has been naturalized. However, the natural succession of pitch pine stands in Korea suggests that it is possible to introduce some exotic species for reforestation without resulting in uncontrolled invasion.

Naemacyclus fimbriatus. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Minter
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Present Author ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Republic Of Georgia ◽  
Apparent Absence ◽  
Pinus Rigida ◽  
Pitch Pine ◽  
Germ Tubes

Abstract A description is provided for Naemacyclus fimbriatus. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: VUJANOVIĆ, ST-ARNAUD & NEUMANN (1998) have provided the only report suggesting that Naemacyclus fimbriatus can cause infections of living needles of Pinus species. They observed chlorotic and necrotic second- and third-year needles of Pinus rigida bearing ascomata identified as this species. The fungus was successfully isolated into pure culture from those needles, and from dead fallen cones, presumably of the same pine. They speculated that 'unfavourable conditions such as the more than 200 days with frost and thin organic or mineral soil layer may predispose pitch pine to infection by this fungus'. The apparent absence of this fungus from higher latitudes in Europe noted below seems, at first sight, incompatible with this observation. HOSTS: Pinus brutia, P. halepensis, P. maritima, P. nigra var. maritima, P. nigra var. pallasiana, P. nigra, P. pinaster, P. resinosa, P. rigida, P. sylvestris, P. sylvestris subsp. kochiana, P. taeda, P. uncinata, P. virginiana, Pinus sp. (bark, cones, cone scales and leaves). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NORTH AMERICA: Canada (Québec), USA (Georgia, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania). EUROPE: Austria, Czech Republic, France, Republic of Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Switzerland, UK, Ukraine. TRANSMISSION: Not known. Presumably by air-borne ascospores released in humid conditions. VUJANOVIĆ, ST-ARNAUD & NEUMANN (1998) reported that Naemacyclus fimbriatus produces 1-3 brown mycelial cords, 50-100 μm diam., which grow through the litter from ascomata in autumn. They were unable to explain the nature of these cords, which have never been observed by the present author. In two species of fungi inhabiting living conifer leaves (Didymascella thujina, IMI Descriptions No. 1334 and Rhabdocline pseudotsugae, IMI Descriptions No. 651, both possibly members of the Rhytismatales), ascospores have been observed to germinate while still inside the ascus and it is possible that hyphae resulting from these germ tubes may grow out of the ascoma and cause further infections. Those two species are, however, undoubtedly rather distant from Naemacyclus fimbriatus and their germination, in any case, is always associated with a darkening of one cell of the ascospore, a phenomenon not reported by VUJANOVIĆ, ST-ARNAUD & NEUMANN (1998). The mycelial cords they observed therefore remain unexplained.

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