Ozone-induced cytochemical and ultrastructural changes in leaf mesophyll cell walls

1997 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
M S Günthardt-Georg ◽  
C J McQuattie ◽  
C Scheidegger ◽  
C Rhiner ◽  
R Matyssek
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Mesophyll Cell ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Leaf Mesophyll ◽  
Leaf Mesophyll Cell

Tropospheric ozone-induced structural changes in leaf mesophyll cell walls in grapevine plants

Biologia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikola Ljubešić ◽  
Mihaela Britvec
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Tropospheric Ozone ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Mesophyll Cell ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Ozone Concentrations ◽  
Leaf Mesophyll

AbstractThe structural changes in leaves of grapevine plants (Vitis vinifera L.) exposed to different ozone concentrations were investigated. Ozone fumigations were performed in open-top chambers at four different ozone levels (charcoal-filtered air (F), ambient air (N), ambient air + 25 mm3m−3 ozone (O-25) and ambient air + 50 mm3m−3 ozone (O-50)).The leaves of plants from chambers with increased ozone concentrations (O-25 and O-50) were significantly thicker than the controls (F), owing to increased thickness of the mesophyll layer. Observing O-50 leaves, it was found that the mesophyll cell wall displayed structural changes. In some places cell wall thickness increased up to 1 µm. We found callose deposits on the inner side of the cell walls of mesophyll cells. These data are in accord with the concept that the mesophyll cell wall acts as a barrier against the penetration of tropospheric ozone into the cells.

scholarly journals Abscisic Acid and Photosynthesis in Isolated Leaf Mesophyll Cell

1981 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce T. Mawson ◽  
Brian Colman ◽  
W. Raymond Cummins
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Mesophyll Cell ◽  
Leaf Mesophyll ◽  
Abscisic Acid And Photosynthesis ◽  
Leaf Mesophyll Cell

scholarly journals Effects of Waterlogging on Leaf Mesophyll Cell Ultrastructure and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Summer Maize

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. e0161424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baizhao Ren ◽  
Jiwang Zhang ◽  
Shuting Dong ◽  
Peng Liu ◽  
Bin Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Mesophyll Cell ◽  
Cell Ultrastructure ◽  
Photosynthetic Characteristics ◽  
Summer Maize ◽  
Leaf Mesophyll ◽  
Leaf Mesophyll Cell

Ultrastructural Changes in the Cell Walls of Cambial Derivatives During Wood Formation in Indian ELM (Holoptelea Integrifolia)

IAWA Journal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karumanchi S. Rao ◽  
Yoon Soo Kim ◽  
Pramod Sivan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Middle Lamella ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽  
Lignin Distribution ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Ray Cells ◽  
Xylem Elements ◽  
S2 Layer

Sequential changes occurring in cell walls during expansion, secondary wall (SW) deposition and lignification have been studied in the differentiating xylem elements of Holoptelea integrifolia using transmission electron microscopy. The PATAg staining revealed that loosening of the cell wall starts at the cell corner middle lamella (CCML) and spreads to radial and tangential walls in the zone of cell expansion (EZ). Lignification started at the CCML region between vessels and associated parenchyma during the final stages of S2 layer formation. The S2 layer in the vessel appeared as two sublayers,an inner one and outer one.The contact ray cells showed SW deposition soon after axial paratracheal parenchyma had completed it, whereas noncontact ray cells underwent SW deposition and lignification following apotracheal parenchyma cells. The paratracheal and apotracheal parenchyma cells differed noticeably in terms of proportion of SW layers and lignin distribution pattern. Fibres were found to be the last xylem elements to complete SW deposition and lignification with differential polymerization of cell wall polysaccharides. It appears that the SW deposition started much earlier in the middle region of the fibres while their tips were still undergoing elongation. In homogeneous lignin distribution was noticed in the CCML region of fibres.

Selection of alfalfa for a lower initial rate of digestion and corresponding changes in epidermal and mesophyll cell wall thickness

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. P. Goplen ◽  
R. E. Howarth ◽  
G. L. Lees
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Initial Rate ◽  
Environmental Influence ◽  
Mesophyll Cell ◽  
Cell Wall Thickness ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
Selection Of

A modified nylon bag technique, described in detail in this paper, appears to be an effective method of selecting for a lower initial rate of digestion (IRD) in alfalfa. Breeding for reduced IRD in alfalfa resulted in a 15% reduction in 4-h dry matter disappearance (DMD) after three cycles of selection (ultimate goal of 25–30 % reduction for a bloat-safe alfalfa). No further reduction in IRD occurred with a 4th cycle of selection. The IRD characteristic appears to be expressed at early stages of vegetative growth (pre-bud to early bud) and not at a more advanced stage of maturity (mid-bud to early bloom). The IRD characteristic also appears to be subject to environmental influence. Alfalfa plants selected for reduced IRD have consistently thicker cell walls compared to the unselected alfalfa check cv. Beaver. The advanced cycle 4 LIRD synthetic is being increased for subsequent pasture trials and assessment of bloat reduction. Key words: Nylon bag technique, cell rupture, pasture bloat, initial rate of digestion, cell wall thickness

The fate of acetyl groups and sugar components during the digestion of grass cell walls in sheep

1977 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Jane Morris ◽  
J. S. D. Bacon
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Sodium Ethoxide ◽  
Mesophyll Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Cell Wall Preparation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Isolated Cell

SummaryThe digestibilities of grass cell wall constituents determined in a digestion trial were compared with those obtained by suspending various isolated cell wall preparations in nylon bags in the rumen of a sheep. Particular attention was paid to acetyl groups and to individual sugars, which were determined in both cases by gas liquid chromatography.For dried grass and hay in the digestion trial the cell wall constituents showed digestibilities decreasing in the following order: arabinose, galactose, glucose, xylose, acetyl, lignin.For a leaf cell wall preparation derived from all cell types except mesophyll, the nylon bag technique allowed the same order of digestibilities; rhamnose and uronic acids were also measured and found to be rapidly digested. Mesophyll cell walls placed in nylon bags were more readily digested than non-mesophyll. All the sugars, and also acetyl groups, were digested to the same extent.In a grass cell wall preparation isolated from sheep faeces, tested similarly, xylose and glucose were digested to the same extent, but acetyl groups were less digested.Removal of acetyl groups, using sodium ethoxide, which left the sugar composition and lignin content unchanged, increased the digestibility particularly of the cell walls from faeces.The results are discussed with reference to the relationship between cell wall composition and digestibility.

scholarly journals A stable ultrastructural pattern despite variable cell size in <i>Lithothamnion corallioides</i>

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 6061-6076
Author(s):  
Valentina Alice Bracchi ◽  
Giulia Piazza ◽  
Daniela Basso
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Coralline Algae ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Crystal Shape ◽  
Axis Parallel ◽  
Calcification Process ◽  
Early Alteration

Abstract. Recent advances on the mechanism and pattern of calcification in coralline algae led to contradictory conclusions. The evidence of a biologically controlled calcification process, resulting in distinctive patterns at the scale of family, was observed. However, the coralline calcification process has been also interpreted as biologically induced because of the dependency of its elemental composition on environmental variables. To clarify the matter, five collections of Lithothamnion corallioides from the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, across a wide depth range (12–66 m), have been analyzed for morphology, anatomy and cell wall crystal patterns in both perithallial and epithallial cells to detect possible ultrastructural changes. L. corallioides shows the alternation of tiers of short-squared and long-ovoid/rectangular cells along the perithallus, forming a typical banding. The perithallial cell length decreases according to water depth and growth rate, whereas the diameter remains constant. Our observations confirm that both epithallial and perithallial cells show primary (PW) and secondary (SW) calcite walls. Rectangular tiles, with the long axis parallel to the cell membrane forming a multi-layered structure, characterize the PW. Flattened squared bricks characterize the SW, with roundish outlines enveloping the cell and showing a zigzag and cross orientation. Long and short cells have different thicknesses of PW and SW, increasing in short cells. Epithallial cells are one to three flared cells with the same shape of the PW and SW crystals. Despite the diverse seafloor environments and the variable L. corallioides growth rate, the cell walls maintain a consistent ultrastructural pattern with unaffected crystal shape and arrangement. A comparison with two congeneric species, L. minervae and L. valens, showed similar ultrastructural patterns in the SW but evident differences in the PW crystal shape. Our observations point to a biologically control rather than an induction of the calcification process in coralline algae and suggest a possible new morphological diagnostic tool for species identification, with relevant importance for paleontological applications. Finally, secondary calcite, in the form of dogtooth crystals that fill the cell lumen, has been observed. It represents a form of early alteration in living collections which can have implications in the reliability of climate and paleoclimate studies based on geochemical techniques.

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