Field performance of outplanted Norway spruce: effects of organic matter amendments and site preparation

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1356-1367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goran Hallsby
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Terminal Bud

Norway spruce (Piceaabies (L.) Karst.) seedling survival and growth response to site preparation methods involving different utilization of humus (forest floor material from the F- and H-layers) and chipped slash were studied on a recently clear-felled spruce site in northern Sweden. Five mounding treatments (pure mineral soil, mineral mound covered by or mixed with either of the two types of organic matter) and two unscarified treatments (with or without a chipped slash mulch) were applied in a randomized block design. Half of the blocks were planted in the year of clear-felling (1990) and the remaining blocks in 1991. Containerized (1/0) seedlings mechanically protected against Hylobiusabietis L. were used. For both planting occasions, seedling survival after 3 years exceeded 90% in most treatments and the occurrence of injuries was significantly (p < 0.05) affected by soil treatments only in the 1990 plantation. In general, the largest seedlings (height, dry weight, needle weight, needle length, leading shoot terminal bud diameter) developed in mounds containing humus, and mounds containing chipped slash produced the smallest seedlings. Mixing chipped slash with mineral soil appeared to suppress seedling growth. The results also indicate that planting delay should be avoided to permit Norway spruce seedlings to benefit fully from the growth-stimulating potential of humus. Successful planting without site preparation might depend on the avoidance of planting delay.

scholarly journals Effects of spot mounding and inverting on growth of conifers, exposed mineral soil and natural birch regeneration

Silva Fennica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiina Laine ◽  
Ville Kankaanhuhta ◽  
Juho Rantala ◽  
Timo Saksa
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Stand Development ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Moderate Amount ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Downy Birch

In Nordic forests, consistent evidence about better seedling survival rate and increased growth due to site preparation have been obtained in numerous studies. Proper site preparation method can reduce costs of the whole regeneration chain through its effects on survival of planted seedlings, abundance of natural regeneration and competition in early stand development. This study compared the natural regeneration of birches (silver birch ( Roth) and downy birch ( Ehrh.)), amount of exposed mineral soil, and growth of planted seedlings between spot mounding and inverting site preparation methods. Present study was conducted in eight forest stands established in 2012 or 2015. Even though difference was not statistically significant, inverting exposed less mineral soil than spot mounding and thus reduced the natural regeneration of birch seedlings by 6135 seedlings ha compared to spot mounding. However, the variation between regeneration areas was remarkable. There was no difference in seedling mortality or growth between the site preparation methods. In order to achieve high growth of conifers, moderate amount of exposed mineral soil and thus less naturally regenerated birch, inverting should be favored over spot mounding.Betula pendulaB. pubescens–1

scholarly journals Four-year-performance of oak and pine seedlings following mechanical site preparation with lightweight excavators

Silva Fennica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noé Dumas ◽  
Mathieu Dassot ◽  
Jonathan Pitaud ◽  
Jérôme Piat ◽  
Lucie Arnaudet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Pinus Nigra ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Pteridium Aquilinum ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Mechanical Site Preparation

Mechanical site preparation methods that used tools mounted on lightweight excavators and that provided localised intensive preparation were tested in eight experimental sites across France where the vegetation was dominated either by (L.) Moench or (L.) Kuhn. Two lightweight tools (Deep Scarifier: DS; Deep Scarifier followed by Multifunction Subsoiler: DS+MS) were tested in pine ( L., var. (Loudon) Hyl. or Aiton) and oak ( (Matt.) Liebl. or  L.) plantations. Regional methods commonly used locally (herbicide, disk harrow, mouldboard plow) and experimental methods (repeated herbicide application; untreated control) were used as references in the experiments. Neighbouring vegetation cover, seedling survival, height and basal diameter were assessed over three to five years after plantation. For pines growing in , seedling diameter after four years was 37% and 98% greater in DS and DS+MS, respectively, than in the untreated control. For pines growing in , it was 62% and 107% greater in the same treatments. For oak, diameter was only 4% and 15% greater in , and 13% and 25% greater in , in the same treatments. For pines, the survival rate after four years was 26% and 32% higher in and 64% and 70% higher in , in the same treatments. For oak, it was 3% and 29% higher in and 37% and 31% higher in . Herbicide, when applied for three or four years after planting, provided the best growth performances for pines growing in and and for oaks growing in . For these species and site combinations, DS+MS and DS treatments reduced the neighbouring vegetation cover for one to four years following site preparation.Molinia caeruleaPteridium aquilinumPinus sylvestrisPinus nigracorsicanaPinus pinasterQuercus petraeaQuercus roburM. caeruleaP. aquilinumM. caeruleaP. aquilinumM. caeruleaP. aquilinumM. caeruleaP. aquilinumM. caerulea P. aquilinumP. aquilinum

scholarly journals MEDIA TANAMORGANIK DAN POSISI TANAM BENIH PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT KOPI ROBUSTA (COFFEA CANEPHORA )

GANEC SWARA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 544
Author(s):  
ANAK AGUNG GEDE PUTRA ◽  
PANDE GEDE GUNAMANTA ◽  
KETUT TURAINI INDRA WINTEN
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Leaf Compost ◽  
Organic Compost

The study aimed to determine the effect of organic planting media and the position of seed planting on the growth of Robusta coffee seedlings. The study is conducted at the Tabanan Agrotechnology Study Program, Tabanan University, which conducted from July 2019 to September 2019. The treatments are arranged in factorial in a randomized block design (RBD). Two treatments examined in this study were the doses of organic matter in the growing media (0g, 150 g, 300 g, 450 g) and seed position (prone position, upside down, tilted position). The results show that the interaction between organic planting media (soil + coffee leaf compost) and seed planting position did not significantly affect all coffee seedlings growth variables. The dose of organic compost in the growing media has a very significant effect on all growth variables except when growing and the percentage of growth. The dosing of 450 g organic matter gave the highest root fresh weight, fresh stem weight and fresh leaf weight (1.00 g, 2.97 g and 8.64 g respectively) and oven dry weight for the three variables (respectively 0.39 g, 0.55 g and 1.36 g). Seed planting position has no significant effect on all observed variables, but there is The tendency of planting position with the prone on average gives better growth compared to other positions.

Regenerating Paper Birch in the Lake States with the Shelterwood Method

1989 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 151-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald A. Perala ◽  
Alvin A. Alm
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Competing Vegetation ◽  
Paper Birch ◽  
Lake States

Abstract The two-cut uniform shelterwood method provides abundant seed and shade needed to regenerate paper birch on droughty sites. The key to success is site preparation by cross-discing within 2 years after seed dispersal to (a) incorporate organic matter, particularly brown cubical woody rot, into the mineral soil, (b) to control competing vegetation, and (c) to drill seed into the seed bed. Drilled seed produces seedlings that grow 3 to 4 times faster than seedlings from seed dispersed after site preparation. Because a uniform shelterwood intercepts some precipitation, narrow shaded clearcut strips or strip shelterwoods may be even better for regenerating paper birch. North. J. Appl. For. 6:151-153, December 1989.

Effets du scarifiage sur les propriétés du sol et l'ensemencement naturel dans une pessière noire à mousses de la forêt boréale québécoise

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Prévost
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Soil Warming ◽  
Total N ◽  
Humus Layer

Two types of scarification (cone and disk) were applied at two intensities (simple and double passes), in a randomized complete block design, established alongside buffer stands of spruce protective of water courses, that provided a natural seed source. Treatment effects on seedbed evolution, natural seeding of black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) BSP), competing vegetation, and soil physical and chemical properties were examined over a 3-year period. In situ nitrogen mineralization was also studied, using the buried-bag method. All scarification treatments created a surface horizon (0–10 cm) with 80% less organic matter content than the control treatment. However, treatments tended to loosen the exposed deep layers, creating microsites whose compactness appeared adequate for root development (1.07–1.22 Mg/m3). The organic matter loss mainly decreased exchangeable K and Mg in the surface 20 cm of scarified microsites. Scarification had little impact on total N of sampled profiles and clearcutting did not increase N mineralization with regard to the forest, during the first year after disturbance. The weak soil warming and the stability of temperatures under the unscarified humus suggest that clearcutting did not significantly enhanced microbial activity on the site. However, removal of the insulating humus layer allowed a significant summer soil warming in the furrows. Despite this, scarified microsites were characterized by N immobilization during the first growing season after treatment. However, net N production was positive during the winter period, presumably because of a N-flux phenomenon. Scarification improved black spruce regeneration by natural seeding. Three years after treatment, stocking levels reached 40 to 51% in the scarified sectors while they reached 31% in the controls, this gap being mainly attributed to the second germination year. The difference can be explained by the improved receptivity of bare mineral soil, well-decomposed humus, and mixed mineral–organic seedbeds that covered 12–20% of the scarified areas immediately after treatment. Generally, results indicate that microsites created by a light scarification are as receptive as microsites created by a severe perturbation. Finally, every scarification treatment efficiently controlled the ericaceous shrub cover during the first 3 years after treatment.

Survival and growth response of white spruce stock types to site preparation in Alaska

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 793-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Youngblood ◽  
Elizabeth Cole ◽  
Michael Newton
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Stock Types ◽  
Bare Root

To identify suitable methods for reforestation, we evaluated the interacting effects of past disturbance, stock types, and site preparation treatments on white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) seedling survival and growth across a range of sites in Alaska. Replicated experiments were established in five regions. At each site, two complete installations differed in time since disturbance: “new” units were harvested immediately before spring planting and “old” units were harvested at least 3 years before planting. We compared mechanical scarification before planting, broadcast herbicide application during the fall before planting, and no site preparation with 1-year-old container-grown seedlings from two sources, 2-year-old bare-root transplants from two sources, and 3-year-old bare-root transplants. Seedlings were followed for 11 years on most sites. Based on meta-analyses, seedling survival increased 10% with herbicide application and 15% with mechanical scarification compared with no site preparation. Scarification and herbicide application increased seedling height by about 28% and 35%, respectively, and increased seedling volume by about 86% and 195%, respectively, compared with no site preparation. Soil temperature did not differ among site preparation methods after the first 7 years. Results suggest that white spruce stands may be successfully restored through a combination of vegetation control and use of quality planting stock.

scholarly journals SOYBEAN GROWTH AND YIELD WITH APPLICATION OF PHOSPHATE FERTILIZER AND ORGANIC MATTER

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Lely Wahidah Nasution ◽  
Chairani Hanum ◽  
Hamidah Hanum
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Soy Sauce ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Effective Use

AbstractSoybean is useful for tofu, tempe, soy sauce and soy milk. The effective use of fertilizer and organic application can increase soybean productivity. The objective of this research was to study the growth and yield of various soybean varieties on application of phospate fertilizer and organic matter. This research was conducted in North Binjai and Research and Technology Laboratory Agriculture Faculty Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan on May-September 2016. The method used Randomized Block Design with 3 factors. The first factor is soybean varieties consisting of: (Argomulyo, Dering, Dena, Kaba, Gema, Grobogan and Wilis), fertilization of phosphate (control and 150 kg/ha) and organic material application (control, Blotong 10 ton/ha and POEFBC/Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunches Compost 10 ton / Ha). The results of this research showed that the seven varieties of soybean had characteristic differences on shoot dry weight, age of flowering, age of harvest, phospate uptake and dry weight of 100 seed. The longest flowering and harvesting age is obtained in Wilis, while the shortest age is Grobogan. The highest uptake of P in Argomulyo with treatment without organic matter and phospate fertilizer. Kaba variety with blotong treatment has the highest dry seed weight.Keywords : Organic Matter, Phosphate Fertilizer, Soybean Varieties

scholarly journals Field Performance of Trichoderma harzianum AAUT14 and Bacillus subtilis AAUB95 on Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Growth Promotion and Management of Chocolate Spot (Botrytis fabae Sard.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
Zewdineh Firdu ◽  
Tesfaye Alemu ◽  
Fassil Assefa
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chocolate Spot

Aims: This study was done to evaluate the effects of T. harzianum AAUT14 and B.subtilis AAUB95 on chocolate spot (B. fabae) and growth promotion of faba bean. Study Design: A completely randomized block design was utilized. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, 8º2'N and 39º10’E, Kulumsa, June-November, 2018. Methodology: Two trails (Trial-1 Ashebeka and Trial-2 Hachalu) were employed. We included T1-Control (B.f only); T2-T. harzianum AAUT14+ B.f; T3-B. subtilis AAUB95+B.f; T4-T. harzianum AAUT14+B. subtilis AAUB95+B.f; T5- MORE 720 WP+B.f; T6- ORZEB+B.f as treatments of the study. The disease development was assessed together with yield and related parameters. Results: In trail 1, a reduction that varied from 31-61% for disease incidence and 13-33% of severity over T1 upon 70 days after sowing. Upon 90 days, the disease incidence and severity was reduced to 20-50% and 36-51%, respectively. Trichoderma harzianum AAUT14+B.subtilis AAUB95 (T4) reduced the disease incidence and severity showing no significance difference (P=.05) with the chemical fungicide, MORE 720 WP (T5) upon 70 and 90 days of sowing. In trial 2, the microbial inoculants reduced the disease incidence and severity to 28-63% and 17-30% upon 70 days. Likewise, the disease incidence and severity was reduced to 23-51% and 37-54% upon 90 days. In addition, the AUDPC ranged from 1586.1-2250.0%DSU in trial 1 and 1382.0-2454.5%DSU in trial 2. Moreover, leaf area of 68.95cm2 was displayed by T4 in trial 1 and 54.14cm2 in trial 2. In addition, T 4 indicated, 62% and 49% increment of hundred seed dry weight and grain yield estimate in trial 1, and 56% and 55%, increase in trial 2 compared to the uninoculated control. The percentage of healthy pods was 90% and 88.87% in trial 1 and 2, respectively, in the treatment that received T4 and followed by T2 that showed 70.40 and 78.86% in trial 1 and 2, respectively. T4 resulted 4391.45kg/ha and 4378.12kg/ha, that followed by T2 with 3764.58kg/ha and 3654.17kg/ha of yield estimate in trial 1 and 2, respectively. 27-42% and 26-41% of harvest index was exhibited in trial 1 and trial 2, respectively. Furthermore, the seed nitrogen content increased from 33-70% in trial 1 and 29-62% in trial 2. The seed nitrogen content showed 33-70% and 29-62% increment in trial 1 and 2, respectively. Even though the fungicides (T5 and T6), protected the faba bean plants from chocolate spot, there was <10% of seed nitrogen and crudeprotein content increment over the untreated control plants in both varieties. Conclusion: The mixture of T. harzianum AAUT14 and B. subtilis AAUB95 or in some cases T. harzianum AAUT14 performed best on controlling chocolate spot, growth promotion and yield increment of faba bean.

scholarly journals PERFORMANCE OF SAFFRON GROWTH ON DIFFERENT SOILS UNDER HOMOGENEOUS ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION

AGROFOR ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdel Kader EL HAJJ ◽  
Soha OLEIK ◽  
Oxana BAGHDADI ◽  
Nour TAHA ◽  
Vera TALJ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Different Soils

Soil is the major factor determining saffron yield. Although saffron tolerates different soil types, some soils with specific characteristics perform better than others. This work was conducted to evaluate the performance of saffron crop on different soil types under homogeneous environmental conditions. Four soil types sampled from different regions were tested: Rendzic Leptosols, Anthropic Regosols, Hypercalcaric Fluvisol and Eutric Cambisols. Soil samples were put in large plastic pots (radius=0.27 m, height=0.44 m) and organized in complete block design with four replicates. Combined analysis for four years revealed significant differences between soil types regarding most yield parameters. Saffron corms performed better on calcareous clayey Rendzic Leptosols soil with respect to plant height(PL), flowers per plot, flowers per corm cluster, total stigmas fresh and dry weights, fresh and dry weight of single stigmas and total number of corms. Corms grown on Hypercalcaric Fluvisol soil produced the largest content of Crocin, Picrocrocin and Safranal. A regression analysis was used to evaluate the performance of soil types on the number of flowers per mother corm through four years of the study. In this regard, a positive significant higher slope was obtained for Rendzic Leptosols (y = 4.23x - 8514.3, R²= 0.69, p.0001). Quantitative yield attributes such number of flowers per corm cluster was significantly correlated with organic matter t (r = .60, p=.016) and calcium (r =.52,p.041) contents. Correlation analysis showed that the soil parameters most attributed to the saffron yield were organic matter, phosphorus, potassium and calcium. For soils with limiting factors (Eutric cambisols and anthropic regosols) further studies should focus on improving their performance under saffron crop.

Effects of Site Preparation on Soil Physical Properties, Growth of Loblolly Pine, and Competing Vegetation

1987 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Melinda Slay ◽  
B. G. Lockaby ◽  
J. C. Adams ◽  
C. G. Vidrine
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Competing Vegetation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ground Line Diameter ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
One Year ◽  
North Louisiana

Abstract Competing vegetation, seedling survival, and growth of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were evaluated one year following four site-preparation techniques in north Louisiana. The treatments were chop and burn, windrow, fuelwood harvest, and fuelwood harvest followed by a herbicide. Physicalsoil properties were evaluated before and after treatment application. The study was designed as a randomized complete block and was installed on a Gore silt loam (Vertic Paleudalf) soil. Windrowing significantly increased surface bulk densities. Fuelwood had significantly higher bulk densityvalues for subsurface samples. In comparisons among treatments, surface bulk densities for the windrow treatment were significantly higher than both of the fuelwood treatments. The fuelwood treatment was significantly higher in competing vegetation while the fuelwood followed by a herbicidetreatment was significantly lowest. The fuelwood followed by a herbicide ranked significantly higher in seedling height, ground line diameter, and volume. Seedling growth was inversely related to competing vegetation dry weight. There were no significant differences among treatments in seedlingsurvival. South. J. Appl. For. 11(2):83-86.

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