Forty years of alternative management practices in second-growth, pole-size northern hardwoods» IL Economic evaluation

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1180-1188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey N. Niese ◽  
Terry F. Strong ◽  
Gayne G. Erdmann
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Marginal Analysis ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Northern Hardwood ◽  
Growth Pole ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Residual Tree ◽  
Tree Quality ◽  
Medium Selection

Potential economic returns to tree quality were analyzed for four uneven-aged cutting treatments and a control in a Wisconsin northern hardwood stand. The economics of tree quality changes were analyzed over a 20-year period (1971–1992), using a marginal analysis that included tree grade, lumber volume yields, reported lumber values, and hardwood management costs. Net present values were highest for the heavy individual tree selection (60 ft"/acre, 13.8 m2/ha) treatment, and residual tree quality improved significantly. The medium selection (75 ft2/acre, 17.3 m2/ha) treatment had the greatest improvement in tree quality as well as high economic returns. The light selection (90 ft2/acre, 20.7 m2/ha) treatment had the highest residual stand value, but low harvest revenues. An 8-in. (20.3-cm) diameter-limit treatment had the lowest economic returns and the poorest tree quality.

Forty years of alternative management practices in second-growth, pole-size northern hardwoods. I. Tree quality deveSopment

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1173-1179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry F. Strong ◽  
Gayne G. Erdmann ◽  
Jeffrey N. Niese
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Northern Hardwood ◽  
Heavy Medium ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Tree Quality ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Medium Selection

The effects of six cutting methods on tree quality were observed for 20 years in a northern hardwood stand in Wisconsin. Cutting treatments included an uncut control, three levels of individual tree selection (heavy, medium, and light), crop tree release, and diameter limit. Average annual diameter growth was least in the control treatment (0.13 in./year, 0.33 cm/year) and greatest in the heavy individual tree selection and diameter-limit cuts (0.18 in./year, 0.46 cm/year). Cull in trees in 1992 was significantly higher in the control and diameter-limit treatments. Changes in merchantable height (number of 16-ft (4.9-m) logs) over the period were not significantly different among treatments, but average merchantable heights were significantly greater in the individual tree selection treatments in 1992. Average tree grade increases were significantly better in the medium selection plots than in all other treatments except the crop tree release. Nearly a third of the sawlog-size trees in both the control and diameter-limit treatments were below sawlog grade, significantly more than in the other treatments. Only 2% of the trees in the heavy selection plots were below grade. Tree quality improved the most overall in the medium selection plots. Stand structure in this treatment also most closely matched that recommended by guides developed to sustain yield over long periods of cutting under uneven-aged management.

Hardwood Tree Quality Development in the White Mountains of New Hampshire

2000 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul E. Sendak ◽  
William B. Leak ◽  
Wanda B. Rice
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Northern Hardwood Forest ◽  
Quality Development ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
White Mountains ◽  
Northern Hardwood ◽  
Bartlett Experimental Forest ◽  
Hardwood Tree ◽  
Tree Quality

Abstract Few studies in New England have related timber cutting in northern hardwood stands to improvements in timber quality. The objective of this study was to assess tree-quality improvement for lumber production from initial cutting in a northern hardwood forest on the Bartlett Experimental Forest in New Hampshire that occurred about 40 yr ago. This study used nine compartments on the Forest that were initially cut in the 1950s. Cutting methods included three diameter-limit cuts and six individual tree selection cuts followed by timber stand improvement by chemical girdling.The nine compartments remained undisturbed by cutting for approximately 40 yr. By 1996, average tree grade had improved in all compartments, from 3.8 to 3.1 for the diameter limits combined and from 3.2 to 2.7 for the selection compartments combined. Returns per acre of standing inventory were influenced by tree quality but also were confounded with compartment volume and species mix. In general, return of standing inventory in 1996, whether per acre or per mbf, was greater in the selection compartments, but one of the diameter limits had a significant volume of high value red oak timber that skewed its total value upward. North. J. Appl. For. 17(1):9-15.

Relationships between growth, quality, and stocking within managed old-growth northern hardwoods

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1115-1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Gronewold ◽  
Anthony W. D’Amato ◽  
Brian J. Palik
Keyword(s):  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Quality Development ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Upper Peninsula ◽  
Northern Hardwood ◽  
Tree Quality ◽  
Upper Peninsula Of Michigan ◽  
Level Production

An understanding of long-term growth dynamics is central to the development of sustainable uneven-aged silvicultural systems for northern hardwood forests in eastern North America. Of particular importance are quantitative assessments of the relationships between stocking control and long-term growth and quality development. This study examined these relationships in a long-term silviculture experiment established in northern hardwood stands in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, USA. Stands were old growth at the onset of the experiment and were maintained at three residual stocking levels (11.5, 16.1, and 20.7 m2·ha–1) over a 57-year period. Several aspects of long-term stocking control were evaluated, including the effects of residual stocking on tree quality development and the relationships between stand stocking and individual tree growth and stand-level production. Results suggest that residual stocking had little impact on quality development, likely due to the initial old-growth condition of the stands examined. In contrast, our results indicate that a range of stand densities will maintain acceptable rates of stand-level production in selection systems and that growth can be shifted between diameter classes depending on desired future stand conditions.

Increasing the Productivity and Profitability of Paddy through Front Line Demonstrations in Irrigated Agro Ecosystem of Kaymore Platue and Satpura Hills

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
DHANANJAI SINGH ◽  
A.K. PATEL ◽  
S.K. SINGH ◽  
M.S. BAGHEL
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Scientific Practices ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Sustainable Agricultural Practices ◽  
Improved Technology

Krishi Vigyan Kendra laid down Front Line Demonstration in the year 2010-11 and 2011-12 introducing new, high yielding and scented variety “Pusa Sugandha-3” and applying scientific practices in their cultivation. The FLDs were carried out in village “Dainiha” of Sidhi district in supervision of KVK scientist. The productivity and economic returns of paddy in improved technologies were calculated and compared with the corresponding farmer's practices (local check). Improved practices recorded higher yield as compared to farmer's practices. The improved technology recorded higher yield of 30.83 q/ha and 32.65 q/ha in the year 2010-11 and 2011-12, respectively than 22.13 and 24.21 q/ha. The average yield increase was observed 37.15 per cent. In spite of increase in yield of paddy, technology gap, extension gap and technology index existed. The improved technology gave higher gross return (37020 and 39180 Rs./ha), net return (16820 and 18920 Rs./ha) with higher benefit cost ratio (1.83 and 1.93) as compared to farmer's practices. The variation in per cent increase in the yield was found due to the poor management practices, lack of knowledge and poor socio economic condition. Under sustainable agricultural practices, with this study it is concluded that the FLDs programmes were effective in changing attitude, skill and knowledge of improved package and practices of HYV of paddy adoption.

scholarly journals Spatial Models With Inter-Tree Competition From Airborne Laser Scanning Improve Estimates of Genetic Variance

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Pont ◽  
Heidi S. Dungey ◽  
Mari Suontama ◽  
Grahame T. Stovold
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Spatial Models ◽  
Airborne Laser Scanning ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Residual Variance ◽  
Spatial Effects ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Airborne Laser ◽  
Individual Trees

Phenotyping individual trees to quantify interactions among genotype, environment, and management practices is critical to the development of precision forestry and to maximize the opportunity of improved tree breeds. In this study we utilized airborne laser scanning (ALS) data to detect and characterize individual trees in order to generate tree-level phenotypes and tree-to-tree competition metrics. To examine our ability to account for environmental variation and its relative importance on individual-tree traits, we investigated the use of spatial models using ALS-derived competition metrics and conventional autoregressive spatial techniques. Models utilizing competition covariate terms were found to quantify previously unexplained phenotypic variation compared with standard models, substantially reducing residual variance and improving estimates of heritabilities for a set of operationally relevant traits. Models including terms for spatial autocorrelation and competition performed the best and were labelled ACE (autocorrelation-competition-error) models. The best ACE models provided statistically significant reductions in residuals ranging from −65.48% for tree height (H) to −21.03% for wood stiffness (A), and improvements in narrow sense heritabilities from 38.64% for H to 14.01% for A. Individual tree phenotyping using an ACE approach is therefore recommended for analyses of research trials where traits are susceptible to spatial effects.

scholarly journals Financial Analysis of Water Management Practices in Cranberry Production in Quebec, Canada

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Ana-Maria Bogdan ◽  
Suren Kulshreshtha ◽  
Jean Caron
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Climate Change Effects

At a global scale, Canada is the second largest cranberry producer, with Quebec being the largest producing region within Canada. Efficient water use in agricultural production has long been a topic of outmost importance to agricultural producers, and governing bodies. The immediacy of climate change effects sped up the need to find solutions that conserve water. One such promising technology is irrigation using real-time tensiometers, which provides rapidly critical irrigation needs information to producers. Adoption of improved technologies by farmers is dependent on the effect it has on the farms’ bottom line. In this study, we examine the financial performance of real-time tensiometer based irrigation, and compare it to evaporation needs based irrigation (baseline), in the context of a Quebec-based cranberry farm. Our findings show that irrigating using real-time tensiometers technology generated higher economic returns. With a net present value of $96,847, this technology increased returns by nearly 53% compared to the baseline technology. Subsequent sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings, even when changing important farming parameters.

scholarly journals Diameter Growth in Even- and Uneven-Aged Northern Hardwoods in New Hampshire Under Partial Cutting

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 160-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
William B. Leak
Keyword(s):  
New Hampshire ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Partial Cutting ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Increment Core ◽  
Northern Hardwood ◽  
Important Concern ◽  
Understory Trees ◽  
Baseline Diameter

Abstract One important concern in the conversion of even-aged stands to an uneven-aged condition through individual-tree or small-group cutting is the growth response throughout the diameter-class distribution, especially of the understory trees. Increment-core sampling of an older, uneven-aged northern hardwood stand in New Hampshire under management for about 50 years established the baseline diameter-growth responses of the sapling, pole, and sawtimber strata. Growth responses of the poletimber and sawtimber in a 70-year-old even-aged stand were comparable to the uneven-aged stand after an initial partial cutting treatment; growth of the understory began approaching comparable rates after the second entry about 25 years after the first cut. North. J. Appl. For. 21(3):160–163.

Ontario, Canada’s LTSP Experience: Forging Lasting Research Partnerships and the Adaptive Management Cycle in Action

2020 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-351
Author(s):  
Dave M Morris ◽  
Rob L Fleming ◽  
Paul W Hazlett
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Forest Policy ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Research Partnerships ◽  
Foliar Nutrition ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
The North

Abstract In this paper, we summarize Ontario’s Long-term Soil Productivity (LTSP) experience focusing on our efforts to forge lasting research partnerships, highlight the approaches we feel were effective in getting emerging science into forest policy within an adaptive management (AM) framework, and describe the future direction of Ontario’s LTSP program as new policy issues are emerging as part of the continuous AM cycle. Fourteen installations were established on nutrient-poor, conifer-dominated sites, considered to be the most sensitive to increased biomass removals. From 1993 to 1995, all sites were clearcut-harvested, with replicated (three reps per site) biomass removal treatments that included: stem only, full-tree, and full-tree + forest floor removal. Routine (every 5 years) measurements have been carried out to track changes in soil carbon and nutrient levels, as well as stand- and individual-tree growth and development metrics and foliar nutrition. The published results from Ontario’s LTSP program, in combination with the North American-wide LTSP synthesis outputs, have suggested that these nutrient-poor, conifer-dominated sites are less sensitive to biomass (nutrient) removals than previously thought. The evidence provided through peer-reviewed publications, conference and workshop presentations, and field tours was substantive and led to a review and revision of the full-tree logging direction within Ontario’s guidelines. We conclude with a set of recommendations (lessons learned) for the successful delivery of any new long-term, interdisciplinary research projects examining the sustainability of forest-management practices.

Efficacy of reduced-rate herbicide combinations in dry-seeded rice (Oryza sativa) on alluvial clay soil

Weed Science ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Economic Return ◽  
Reduced Rate ◽  
Alluvial Clay

Research was conducted from 1993 through 1995 to evaluate barnyardgrass control, rice yield, and estimated economic return with POST applications of propanil or propanil + molinate applied alone or with quinclorac. Herbicides were applied under a variety of water management practices and environmental conditions at rates ranging from 1.1 to 3.4, 1.7 to 5.6, and 0.17 to 0.40 kg ai ha−1for propanil, propanil + molinate, and quinclorac, respectively. Reduced-rate combinations of propanil or propanil + molinate with reduced rates of quinclorac controlled small, actively growing barnyardgrass and provided yields and estimated economic returns similar to combinations of these herbicides at higher rates when irrigated. When herbicides were applied to larger barnyardgrass, propanil + molinate at 5.6 kg ha−1was more effective than propanil at 3.4 kg ha−1or quinclorac at 0.40 kg ha−1applied alone. Propanil + molinate applied with quinclorac at 0.28 or 0.40 kg ha−1controlled barnyardgrass more effectively and provided higher yields and greater estimated economic returns than propanil at 3.4 kg ha−1, propanil + molinate at 5.6 kg ha−1, quinclorac at 0.17, 0.28, or 0.40 kg ha−1, or combinations of propanil and quinclorac.

scholarly journals Modeling the Population Dynamics and Economics of Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) Control in a Corn (Zea mays)-Soybean (Glycine max) Rotation

Weed Science ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Lindquist ◽  
Bruce D. Maxwell ◽  
Douglas D. Buhler ◽  
Jeffrey L. Gunsolus
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Net Return ◽  
Herbicide Use ◽  
Optimum Threshold

A simulation model was developed to predict the population dynamics and economics of velvetleaf control in a corn-soybean rotation. Data compiled from the literature were used to parameterize the model for two situations, one in which velvetleaf was infected by aVerticilliumspp. wilt and one without infection.Verticilliumwas assumed to have no effect on corn or soybean yield. In the absence of control, simulated seedbank densities of aVerticillium-infected velvetleaf population were 5 to 50 times lower than for an uninfected velvetleaf population. The model was used to evaluate a threshold weed management strategy under the assumption that velvetleaf was the only weed and bentazon the only herbicide available for its control. In the absence ofVerticillium, an economic optimum threshold of 2.5 seedlings 100 m−2afforded the highest economic returns after 20 yr of simulation. Simulations in which velvetleaf was infected in 8 out of 20 randomly assigned years indicated a 6% increase in annualized net return and an 11 % reduction in the number of years that control was necessary. Sensitivity analysis indicated the parameter estimates having the greatest impact on economic optimum threshold were seedling emergence and survival, maximum seed production, and herbicide efficacy. Under an economic optimum threshold of 2.5 seedlings 100 m−2, management practices that manipulate the most sensitive demographic processes increased annualized net return by up to 13% and reduced long-term herbicide use by up to 26%. Results demonstrate that combining an economic optimum threshold with alternative weed management strategies may increase economic return and reduce herbicide use.

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