Early measures of basal area and canker disease predict growth potential of some hybrid poplar clones

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1113-1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda H. Lo ◽  
Lawrence P. Abrahamson ◽  
Edwin H. White ◽  
Paul D. Manion
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Percent Survival ◽  
Poplar Clones ◽  
Growth Differences ◽  
Stem Cankers

Differences in percent survival, canker disease rating, and basal area (m2•ha−1) were quantified for a plantation of 54 hybrid poplar clones in northern New York at ages 3 and 9 years to test the hypothesis that early growth and canker incidence indicate future growth. Differences in growth and canker severity between clones with similar parentage were assessed. Five of the seven clones, which exhibited high basal areas and low disease ratings at 3 years of age, maintained their growth potential at 9 years of age. Four of the five clones, which had 0% survival at 9 years of age, had low basal areas at 3 years of age. The growth potential of the remaining clones was not accurately predicted based on early measures of growth and disease incidence. Variation in basal area and canker rating among clones within the same parentage group made it impossible to use parentage as a predictor of growth potential. Correlations among canker rating and basal area and percent survival increased over time, suggesting that impacts of canker disease became more significant with age. Septoriamusiva Peck was suspected to be the primary cause of stem cankers, but isolations revealed the presence of many fungi.

scholarly journals Discovery of Geographically Robust Hybrid Poplar Clones

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil D. Nelson ◽  
William E. Berguson ◽  
Bernard G. McMahon ◽  
Richard Meilan ◽  
Lawrence B. Smart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Total Variation ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Clonal Growth ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Variance ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Poplar Clones ◽  
Additional Costs

Abstract Hybrid poplar clonal growth in the states (regions) of Minnesota (MN), Indiana (IN), Michigan (MI), and New York (NY) USA was analyzed to discover 10 geographically robust (geo-robust) clones, all P. deltoides x P. nigra (D x N) hybrids previously tested and screened in MN, that were broadly adapted across latitudinal and longitudinal ranges of 9 and 20 degrees, respectively. The clonal effect for growth explained 25 to 36 % of the total variance, 2.5–4.1 times the clone x site interaction. Clone explained 24 to 46 % of total variation in canker occurrence on two sites. Genetic gain in growth was calculated relative to commercial check clones. Genetic gain in growth of geo-robust clones exceeded that of random clones by 24 to 44 %. Geo-robust clones and the best clones on each site were not significantly different on the MN sites, but best clones outperformed geo-robust clones on the other sites by 10 to 39 % genetic gain. Geo-robust clones grew faster than commercial check clones on all but the MI site. The reduction in genetic gain for growth due to using broadly adapted clones relative to the best clones has to be compared to the additional costs and benefits of multiple breeding zones.

scholarly journals Population dynamics of Myrothecium roridum Tode ex. Fr. and Rhizoctonia solani Kühn in commercial coffee nurseries

1969 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-156
Author(s):  
Fabio Bautista-Pérez ◽  
Rocío del P. Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Coffee Pulp ◽  
Myrothecium Roridum ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Stem Cankers

Sources of inoculum and population dynamics of Myrothecium roridum and Rhizoctonia solani, causal organisms of cankers and root rot in nursery coffee plants, were studied. Six commercial nurseries were selected on the basis of presence of disease, and samples were taken every eight weeks. Correlated with disease incidence were variables such as density of propagules for both pathogens ¡n soil of diseased plants, apparently healthy plants, and chlorotic plants; in fumigated and non fumigated soil; in organic matter used for the mixture; and in sand from the seedbed. Density of propagules of M. roridum was estimated on the basis of the colony-forming units (CFU); that of R. solani, on the basis of percentage of colonized sugarbeet seeds. Neither of the pathogens was detected in the coffee pulp. Higher density of propagules was obtained in the soil at 5-cm depth.The highly correlated density of M. roridum with disease incidence per season and nursery indicated its primary role in coffee stem cankers in the nurseries. The presence of M. roridum in the sand of asymptomatic seedlings and the high correlation with its density in soil of plants in the nursery suggests that seedlings are the primary source of inoculum for canker disease of plants in the nursery.

scholarly journals The Correlation Between Septoria Leaf Spot and Stem Canker Resistance in Hybrid Poplar

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 464-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey L. Dunnell ◽  
Jared M. LeBoldus
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Stem Cankers ◽  
The Relationship

Sphaerulina musiva is an important fungal pathogen that causes a leaf spot and stem canker disease of hybrid poplar. Stem cankers are widely regarded as the greatest threat to hybrid poplar plantations because of their ability to cause tree mortality; thus, the efforts of breeding programs have been focused on stem canker resistance. To explore the relationship between resistance to leaf spot and stem canker in Populus nigra × P. deltoides hybrids, two experiments were conducted. Initially, comparisons among leaves of different ages indicated that younger leaves were more susceptible to leaf spot infection than older leaves. Correlations between leaf spot severity and stem canker severity for both individual leaves and all leaves averaged together indicated that, in 10 of 11 comparisons, there were no significant correlations. The lack of correlation suggests that deploying genotypes resistant to stem canker may not affect the pathogen population causing leaf spot disease. To our knowledge, this is the first study specifically designed to test the correlation between stem canker resistance and leaf spot resistance by inoculating whole trees with a spore suspension in a controlled environment.

scholarly journals Aggressiveness of Phytophthora cactorum, P. citricola I, and P. plurivora from European Beech

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (8) ◽  
pp. 1009-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry E. Weiland ◽  
Angela H. Nelson ◽  
George W. Hudler
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Phytophthora Cactorum ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Common Lilac ◽  
Oyster Bay ◽  
Leaf Disks

Phytophthora cactorum, P. citricola I, and P. plurivora cause bleeding cankers on mature European beech (Fagus sylvatica) trees in the northeastern United States. Inoculation experiments were conducted to compare the aggressiveness of the three Phytophthora spp. on stems, leaf disks, and roots of European beech and common lilac (Syringa vulgaris) seedlings. Isolates were obtained from bleeding cankers on European beech from five cities in New York (Albany, Ithaca, Oyster Bay, Plainview, and Rochester) and from a bleeding canker on sugar maple in Ithaca, NY. Stems were inoculated with colonized agar plugs, leaf disks with a zoospore suspension, and roots via infested soil at three inoculum levels. All organs of inoculated beech and lilac developed disease except for lilac roots inoculated with zoospores of P. cactorum. Disease incidence, severity, and plant survival were dependent on isolate and were also influenced by the tissue inoculated and host. Isolates of P. cactorum were the least aggressive and caused less necrosis than isolates of P. citricola I and P. plurivora. Results emphasize the utility of stem and root inoculation for evaluation of this canker disease and underscore critical differences in species aggressiveness.

scholarly journals The Histology of Hybrid Poplar Clones Inoculated with Septoria musiva

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (12) ◽  
pp. 1524-1530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry E. Weiland ◽  
Glen R. Stanosz
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Host Responses ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Wound Surface ◽  
Hybrid Poplars ◽  
Poplar Clones ◽  
Agar Plug ◽  
Septoria Musiva ◽  
Tissue Responses ◽  
Stem Cankers

Septoria musiva causes stem cankers that severely limit production of susceptible hybrid poplars in eastern North America. A field experiment was conducted with resistant clone DN34 and susceptible clone NC11505 in order to (i) identify tissues colonized by the pathogen, (ii) describe tissue responses to S. musiva, and (iii) determine whether tissue responses to S. musiva differed between hybrid poplar clones. Branches of each clone were inoculated by removing the fourth or fifth fully expanded leaf and placing an agar plug colonized by an aggressive isolate of S. musiva over the wound. Seven weeks after inoculation, branches were harvested and prepared for histology. Data from nonwounded control, wounded control, and wounded and inoculated stems were collected and analyzed for effects of clone and treatment. In general, fungal colonization was more extensive in NC11505 and exophylactic and necrophylactic periderms (NPs) of clone DN34 were significantly thicker than those of NC11505, regardless of treatment. The number of NPs produced and the distance from the epidermis to the outermost layer of phellem were significantly affected by the pathogen. Inoculated stems of clone DN34 developed a single NP that formed closer to the wound surface than in wounded controls. In contrast, inoculated stems of NC11505 developed successive NPs and the first NP formed further from the wound surface than in wounded controls. These two host responses to inoculation, as well as measures of exophylactic and necrophylactic periderm thickness, may be useful as markers for the selection of poplar resistant to damage by S. musiva.

Responses of hybrid poplar clones and red maple seedlings to ambient O3 under differing light within a mixed hardwood forest

2004 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Wei ◽  
J.M. Skelly ◽  
S.P. Pennypacker ◽  
J.A. Ferdinand ◽  
J.E. Savage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Hardwood Forest ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Poplar Clones

Development of comandra blister rust on lodgepole pine

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian W. Geils ◽  
William R. Jacobi
Keyword(s):  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Infection Site ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Central Rocky Mountains ◽  
Stem Cankers ◽  
Total Tree

The comandra blister rust parasite (Cronartiumcomandrae Pk.) causes a serious canker disease of lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl. ex Loud. ssp. latifolia (Engelm.) Critch.) in the central Rocky Mountains. The expansion, longevity, and distribution of comandra blister rust cankers were studied by annual monitoring, reconstructing canker histories, and random sampling. In saplings, infections occur throughout the lower 80% of the crown; and branch cankers expand toward the bole at 2.5 cm•year−1, regardless of temperature, age, position, tree size, vigor, or susceptibility to infection. The proportion of branch cankers that develop into stem cankers decreases logistically both with distance from infection site to bole and with time since infection. Fewer than 50% of branch cankers that are farther than 20 cm from the bole or more than 8 years old are expected to establish stem cankers. The proportion of branch cankers that become stem cankers decreases with distance more rapidly for comandra blister rust than for other stem rusts. The mean height of stem cankers increases with total tree height, but cankers are uncommon at the top of the crown and low on the trunk of larger trees. The number of years for a canker to girdle its host equals the diameter of the stem at the center of the canker measured in centimetres. Because girdling cankers develop infrequently, slowly, and predictably, potential losses from comandra blister rust can be reduced by timely and appropriate removal of damaged trees.

A comparison of vegetative cover and tree community structure in three forested Adirondack watersheds

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 881-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher S. Cronan ◽  
Marc R. DesMeules
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
New York State ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Vegetative Cover ◽  
Cover Type ◽  
Tree Community ◽  
Standing Dead ◽  
Annual Biomass

The Integrated Lake–Watershed Acidification Study (ILWAS) was conducted using three forested watersheds (Panther, Sagamore, and Woods) in the central Adirondack Park of New York State. By comparing the biogeochemical behavior of these watersheds, the ILWAS investigators hoped to elucidate the major ecosystem parameters controlling the fate of strong acids introduced from the atmosphere to lake–watershed systems. The ILWAS vegetation research program was designed to compare the quantitative patterns of forest structure in these midelevation watersheds. Results showed that the ILWAS catchments contain closely related variants of the northern hardwood – spruce – fir complex of the Adirondack region. The dominant tree species in these watersheds are beech (Fagusgrandifolia Ehrh.), red spruce (Picearubens Sarg.), sugar maple (Acersaccharum Marsh.), red maple (Acerrubrum L.), and yellow birch (Betulaalleghaniensis Britt.). On an areal basis, the watersheds contain 57–88% hardwood cover type and 5–29% spruce–fir cover type. Mean live basal area values range from 22 to 30 m2 ha−1 between catchments, while standing dead basal area values range from 4 to 8 m2 ha−1. Mean live stem densities range from 1400 to 1700 stems ha−1. Mean aboveground biomass projections for the tree stratum in the three watersheds range from 143 to 199 Mt ha−1, while estimated aboveground annual biomass increments range from 4.1 to 5.3% of standing biomass.

scholarly journals Zuwachs und Klimasensitivität von Baumarten im Ökogramm der kollinen und submontanen Stufe

2015 ◽  
Vol 166 (6) ◽  
pp. 380-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascale Weber ◽  
Caroline Heiri ◽  
Mathieu Lévesque ◽  
Tanja Sanders ◽  
Volodymyr Trotsiuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Climate Sensitivity ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Basal Area Increment ◽  
Tree Ring Data ◽  
Mean Sensitivity

Growth potential and climate sensitivity of tree species in the ecogram for the colline and submontane zone In forestry practice a large amount of empirical knowledge exists about the productivity of individual tree species in relation to site properties. However, so far, only few scientific studies have investigated the influence of soil properties on the growth potential of various tree species along gradients of soil water as well as nutrient availability. Thus, there is a research gap to estimate the productivity and climate sensitivity of tree species under climate change, especially regarding productive sites and forest ad-mixtures in the lower elevations. Using what we call a «growth ecogram», we demonstrate species- and site-specific patterns of mean annual basal area increment and mean sensitivity of ring width (strength of year-to-year variation) for Fagus sylvatica, Quercus spp., Fraxinus excelsior, Picea abies, Abies alba and Pinus sylvestris, based on tree-ring data from 508 (co-)dominant trees on 27 locations. For beech, annual basal area increment ( average 1957–2006) was significantly correlated with tree height of the dominant sampling trees and proved itself as a possible alternative for assessing site quality. The fact that dominant trees of the different tree species showed partly similar growth potential within the same ecotype indicates comparable growth limitation by site conditions. Mean sensitivity of ring width – a measure of climate sensitivity – had decreased for oak and ash, while it had increased in pine. Beech showed diverging reactions with increasing sensitivity at productive sites (as measured by the C:N ratio of the topsoil), suggesting an increasing limitation by climate at these sites. Hence, we derive an important role of soil properties in the response of forests to climate change at lower elevations, which should be taken into account when estimating future forest productivity.

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