A technique for estimating below-stump biomass of mature loblolly pine plantations

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.R. Kapeluck ◽  
D.H. Van Lear
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Soil Core ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Core Sampling ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
Diameter Classes

A technique was developed for estimating below-stump biomass of mature loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.). The technique required complete excavation of only three trees and partial excavation (taproot only) of 12 others. A regression methodology for roots > 0.6 cm diameter and traditional soil-core sampling for roots < 0.6 cm diameter formed the main elements of the technique. Strong relationships were found (1) between biomass of three diameter classes of lateral roots and their proximal end diameter and (2) between diameter at breast height and estimated below-stump biomass for roots > 0.6 cm diameter. This technique should be useful for estimating root biomass of plantations of loblolly pine and may be effective for large trees of other species.

scholarly journals A New Diameter Distribution Model for Unmanaged Loblolly Pine Plantations in East Texas

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Jin Lee ◽  
Dean W. Coble
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Diameter Distribution ◽  
Yield Prediction ◽  
East Texas ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Parameter Recovery ◽  
Diameter Classes

Abstract A parameter recovery procedure for the Weibull distribution function based on four percentile equations was used to develop a diameter distribution yield prediction model for unmanaged loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations in East Texas. This model was compared with the diameter distribution models of Lenhart and Knowe, which have been used in East Texas. All three models were evaluated with independent observed data. The model developed in this study performed better than the other two models in prediction of trees per acre and cubic-foot volume per acre (wood and bark, excluding stump) across diameter classes. Lenhart’s model consistently underestimated the larger-diameter classes because it was developed originally with data mostly collected in young plantations. Knowe’s model overestimated volume in sawtimber-sized trees, which could lead to overestimations of volume in older loblolly pine plantations found in East Texas. An example also is provided to show users how to use this new yield prediction system. These results support the recommendation that forest managers should use growth and yield models designed and/or calibrated for the region in which they are implemented.South. J. Appl.For. 30(1):13–20.

scholarly journals Nesting habitat selection of Mediterranean raptors in managed pinewoods: searching for common patterns to derive conservation recommendations

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAFAEL BARRIENTOS ◽  
BERNARDO ARROYO
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Nesting Habitat ◽  
Random Factor ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Heterogeneous Habitats ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
Generalised Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Selection Of

SummaryInvestigating habitat selection is a key step in improving the population conservation of forest species in areas managed for different purposes, from timber harvesting to hunting or recreation. Because economic resources allocated to conservation are limited, studies that assess cost-effective strategies are necessary, especially when concerning non-threatened species. We studied nest-site habitat selection of two raptor communities (totalling 245 nests from the five most common species: Short-Toed Eagle Circaetus gallicus, Goshawk Accipiter gentilis, Sparrowhawk A. nisus, Common Buzzard Buteo buteo and Booted Eagle Aquila pennata) in two pinewoods in central Spain separated by 200 km. Using a Generalised Linear Mixed Model for each species and with locality as a random factor, we obtained five models of habitat selection. We highlighted the common nesting patterns in order to facilitate an integrated management of forestry in relation to raptor nesting habitat selection. The most important variable for all species, with the exception of the Sparrowhawk was the nest-tree diameter at breast height, with raptors preferentially selecting nesting trees of large width. Tall trees and a high amount of tree cover around the nesting tree were also important habitat features for several species. Our results suggest that pinewoods should retain unharvested patches with moderate tree coverage (30–70%) containing not only several large trees (diameter at breast height > 40 cm) but also small ones. At the landscape level, open forests and heterogeneous habitats are preferred. These forest patches should be dispersed throughout the landscape.

Effects of two silvicultural regimes with large tree retention on epiphytic macrolichen communities in Adirondack northern hardwoods, New York, USA

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 1854-1866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather T. Root ◽  
Gregory G. McGee ◽  
Ralph D. Nyland
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Epiphytic Lichen ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Lichen Community ◽  
Selection Systems ◽  
Large Trees

We sampled epiphytic lichen communities in nine Adirondack northern hardwood stands: three old growth, three reserve shelterwood, and three single-tree selection systems. Our objectives were to assess the effects of treatment, tree diameter at breast height, and their interaction on lichen communities and to determine whether lichen traits were associated with particular habitats. Lichen community composition was strongly related to tree diameter at breast height and differed between old growth and reserve shelterwoods. Lichen community composition was also related to an interaction between tree size and stand type. Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm. was associated with large trees in old growth, whereas Evernia mesomorpha Nyl., Parmelia sulcata Taylor, and Physcia millegrana Degel. characterized those in shelterwood stands. Nitrophilous lichens were most common on small trees and in reserve shelterwoods, whereas small trees in selection systems and old growth supported lichens that were found to be most associated with larger trees overall. Selection systems apparently maintained lichen communities indistinguishable from those in old growth or reserve shelterwood. Because large trees hosted unique epiphyte assemblages particularly rich in fruticose and cyanolichen species, we expect that management retaining few or no large trees will alter epiphytic lichen communities.

Validating the Malheur model for predicting ponderosa pine post-fire mortality using 24 fires in the Pacific Northwest, USA

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter G. Thies ◽  
Douglas J. Westlind
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Prescribed Fire ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Correct Prediction ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
Similar Accuracy

Fires, whether intentionally or accidentally set, commonly occur in western interior forests of the US. Following fire, managers need the ability to predict mortality of individual trees based on easily observed characteristics. Previously, a two-factor model using crown scorch and bole scorch proportions was developed with data from 3415 trees for predicting the probability of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) mortality following prescribed fire. Here, we report validation of that model for broader application using data from 10 109 ponderosa pines in 17 prescribed fires and 7 wildfires, observed for 3 years post-fire, from east of the Cascade Range crest in Washington, Oregon and northern California. The overall rate of correct classification was 87.1% and the rate of correctly predicting mortality was 80.1%. Similar accuracy is reported when testing the model for small trees (<53.3-cm diameter at breast height), wildfire, prescribed fire, and when using a field guide that simplifies application of the model. For large trees (≥53.3-cm diameter at breast height), the overall rate of correct prediction was 93.6% and the rate of correctly predicting mortality was 65.2%. These results suggest the Malheur model is useful for predicting ponderosa pine mortality following fires in this region.

Crown and basal area relationships of open-grown southern pines for modeling competition and growth

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.R. Smith ◽  
R.M. Farrar Jr. ◽  
P.A. Murphy ◽  
J.L. Yeiser ◽  
R.S. Meldahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Longleaf Pine ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Predictive Equations ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Crown Width ◽  
Basal Area Growth ◽  
Area Growth

Data were collected on open-grown loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.), longleaf pine (Pinuspalustris Mill.), and shortleaf pine (Pinusechinata Mill.) and analyzed to provide predictive equations of crown width and maximum potential basal area growth for crown competition and growth and yield models. The measurements were taken on 115 open-grown loblolly pine trees and 76 shortleaf pines in southeastern Arkansas. The longleaf pine data consisted of 81 open-grown trees from southern Alabama, Georgia, and Florida. A circle and an ellipse were tested as geometric models of the vertically projected crown. No significant differences between the tree shapes were found based on analyses of length and azimuth of the largest crown diameter, and the circle was chosen as an appropriate model. This indicated that only the distance between trees, not their orientation to one another, need be included in models of crown competition based on crown contact. Predictive equations of mean crown width based on diameter at breast height were fitted for each species for use in models of crown competition. A Chapman–Richards growth rate function with an intercept term was fit to periodic annual inside-bark basal area growth based on initial inside-bark basal area to provide empirical estimates of maximum basal area growth rates for growth and yield modeling of the given species. Additionally, equations to predict double bark thickness as a function of diameter at breast height were fit for each species to facilitate the use of the equations with outside-bark measurements of diameter.

scholarly journals Comparing the Use of Three Dendrometers for Measuring Diameters at Breast Height

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 136-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shangbin Liu ◽  
Walter Bitterlich ◽  
Chris J. Cieszewski ◽  
Michal J. Zasada
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Diameter Class ◽  
Limits Of Agreement ◽  
Clinical Measurement ◽  
The Third ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Diameter Classes

Abstract Three dendrometers are used to measure dbh. Two of the devices are the well-known and widely used d-tape and caliper. The third device is the lesser-known sector fork. In this study, measurements of dbh were collected from each dendrometer for each tree in nine plots, with each of the three plots nested in one of the diameter classes (small, medium, and large). The results from repeated-measures analysis of variance show that different dendrometers, the interaction between the dendrometer and diameter class, and the interaction between the dendrometer and plot significantly affected the dbh measurements. Statistically significant differences were detected in most of the comparisons of dbh measured by the three dendrometers. However, the actual mean differences and limits of agreement (Bland, J.M., and D.G. Altman. 1986. Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement. Lancet 1:307–310) were small enough to support the claim that the dbh measurements made by the three dendrometers agree well in measurements of the small and medium trees (in this study, dbh of <16 in.). Thus, these statistically significant differences are not biologically and/or practically important. For the large trees (dbh 16 in. or more), the dbh measured by d-tape and caliper still agreed well. The sector fork should be used cautiously in measuring large trees.

scholarly journals Immature Loblolly Pine Growth and Biomass Accumulation: Correlations with Seedlings Initial First-Order Lateral Roots

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul P. Kormanik ◽  
Shi-Jean S. Sung ◽  
Stanley J. Zarnoch
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Root Penetration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
First Order ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Initial Root ◽  
Tree Development

Abstract Five to seven years after being graded by first-order lateral root (FOLR) numbers and outplanted, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings were excavated using a commercial tree spade and root systems re-evaluated. Current competitive position of trees was related to initial FOLR numbers of 1-0 seedlings. Current FOLR numbers were comparable among tree size classes, but root diameters where the spade severed the root were different. The dominant and codominant individuals had much larger FOLR cross sectional area at the severed point. The larger diameter laterals allow exploration of larger soil volume since they extended greater distances from the tree. Root biomass allometric equations were developed from excavating 175 individuals in 3 separate plantations. Root biomass was readily predicted based on either stem diameter breast height squared (D²H), or total aboveground biomass. Approximately 75% of standing tree biomass was aboveground and 25% belowground for all initial root grades, current crown classes, and sites. Subsoil compaction layers appeared to have a major impact on tree development at any specific location within a plantation. Compaction layers affected heights and diameters but not root/top ratios or the relative competition position based on initial FOLR numbers. These compaction layers resulted in plate-like taproots that suggested further root penetration was unlikely. South. J. Appl. For. 22(2):117-123.

Retransformation bias in a stem profile model

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 1623-1630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond L. Czaplewski ◽  
David Bruce
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Profile Model ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Large Trees

An unbiased profile model, fit to diameter divided by diameter at breast height, overestimated volume of 5.3-m log sections by 0.5 to 3.5%. Another unbiased profile model, fit to squared diameter divided by squared diameter at breast height, underestimated bole diameters by 0.2 to 2.1%. These biases are caused by retransformation of the predicted dependent variable; the degree of retransformation bias depends upon choice of dependent variable in the regression model, variance of its prediction errors, and the bole position of the desired prediction. Retransformation biases were greatest near the merchantable top of large trees. Equations are given that reduce the magnitude of these biases, but accurate variance models are required. Additional biases are identified for more complex transformations of stem profile models.

scholarly journals Fine Root Biomass in Pinus densiflora Stands using Soil Core Sampling and Minirhizotrons

2014 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Hyun Han ◽  
Tae Kyung Yoon ◽  
Saerom Han ◽  
Soon Jin Yun ◽  
Sun Jeoung Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Biomass ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Pinus Densiflora ◽  
Fine Root Biomass ◽  
Soil Core ◽  
Core Sampling

scholarly journals An Evaluation of Selection for Volume Growth in Loblolly Pine

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 22-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Sherrill ◽  
T. J. Mullin ◽  
B. P. Bullock ◽  
S. E. Mckeand ◽  
R. C. Purnell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Direct Determination ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Bark Thickness ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Stem Taper ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Volume Estimates

Abstract Total inside-bark volume is the most important selection criterion for productivity in tree breeding programs in the Southeastern U.S. Tree breeders typically estimate total inside-bark volume based on outside-bark diameter at breast height and total height without accounting for stem taper or bark thickness. To make a direct determination of total inside- and outside-bark volume, a loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) open-pollinated family trial replicated with cultural treatments of weed control and fertilization was measured. This direct measurement was compared to typical volume estimates. In this trial, approximately 40 individuals from each of 25 open-pollinated first- and second-generation families were destructively sampled in the 13th growing season. Selection for volume using a combined-variable (diameter2 * height) equation was found to be highly effective for making volume gain. There was a high correlation between estimated and directly-measured total inside-bark volumes (0.99). Bark thickness and stem taper had low importance for stem volume selection. There was a positive genetic correlation between bark thickness and diameter at breast height (0.66). This indicates that selection for larger diameters may produce individuals with thicker bark, which may eventually affect total inside-bark volume estimates.

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