Genetic variation in cambial phenology of coastal Douglas-fir

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1864-1870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Li ◽  
W.T. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Diameter Increment ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Growth Initiation

The objectives of this study were to (i) determine the extent of genetic variation and genetic control of cambial phenology in coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii var. menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), (ii) assess the degree to which cambial phenology is genetically related to bud-burst timing, (iii) examine genetic relationships between cambial phenology and growth traits, and (iv) evaluate the potential for indirectly altering cambial phenology in breeding programs when selection is for stem volume. Dates of diameter-growth initiation and cessation, and duration of diameter growth (i.e., cambial phenology traits), as well as diameter increment for a single growing season (1987, at the age of 15 years from seed), were estimated from cumulative diameter growth curves of individual trees of 60 open-pollinated families growing in one plantation. Data on stem height and diameter (DBH), and date of bud burst in 1987 were also collected. Dates of diameter-growth initiation and cessation differed significantly among families, but had lower estimated individual heritabilities (≤0.23) than date of bud burst (0.87). Weak genetic correlations between date of bud burst and dates of diameter-growth initiation and cessation (range −0.09 to 0.26) indicate that timing of diameter growth cannot be reliably predicted from observations on the more easily measured bud burst. Cambial phenology traits were weakly correlated with 1987 diameter increment and moderately correlated with 15-year DBH and volume. Selection of parents in this study for stem volume at age 15 and subsequent crosses among them, would be expected to lead to earlier initiation of diameter growth in the offspring, and possibly later cessation as well. The practical implications of these indirect responses in terms of increased risk of frost damage are unclear, since projected changes are small (i.e., a few days).

scholarly journals Early Selection of Douglas-Fir across South Central Coastal Oregon, USA

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Dean ◽  
R. W. Stonecypher
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Early Selection ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
South Central ◽  
Coos Bay ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Age Range

Abstract Details are given of three first-generation progeny tests (CB1, CB2 and CB3) of coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [MIRB.] FRANCO var. menziesii) planted in the Coos Bay region of south-central coastal Oregon in 1973. The three tests included 15 polymix families based on a 10-pollen mix, and 27 families openpollinated on the ortet. The present study gives heritabilities and additive genetic correlations for growth measured between two and 17 years after planting. Correlated responses are estimated for volume at 17 years from early selection for height and diameter. Between four and 17 years after planting the individual heritability (h2) of height of coastal Douglas-fir across the Coos Bay tests was quite stable between h2 = 0.18 and 0.22. The heritability of stem diameter age-forage was consistently much lower than for height. In the critical age range for early selection between five and 10 years the individual heritability of diameter ranged from h2 = 0.07 to 0.10. The additive genetic correlations involving volume-17 and height or diameter increased to high values of rA = 0.80 to 0.84 between eight to 10 years after planting. Before seven years the absolute values of juvenilemature correlations were much lower. The higher heritability of height made this trait the best criterion for early indirect selection to improve mature stem volume growth. Across these Coos Bay tests, early selection on stem height measured at 5-8 years after planting was estimated to produce almost 40% more gain per year in volume-17 compared with direct selection at 17 years on volume-17 itself. The recommendation for maximizing gain per year in mature volume of coastal Douglas-fir at Coos Bay is to select on height at 7-8 years when the mean height of trees in tests should be around 4.5 to 5.5 meters.

Genetic variation in fall cold hardiness in coastal Douglas-fir in western Oregon and Washington

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (7) ◽  
pp. 1110-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bradley St. Clair
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Population Differences ◽  
Bud Set

Genetic variation in fall cold damage in coastal Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii ) was measured by exposing excised branches of seedlings from 666 source locations grown in a common garden to freezing temperatures in a programmable freezer. Considerable variation was found among populations in fall cold hardiness of stems, needles, and buds compared with bud burst, bud set, and biomass growth after 2 years. Variation in fall cold hardiness was strongly correlated (r = 0.67) with cold-season temperatures of the source environment. Large population differences corresponding with environmental gradients are evidence that natural selection has been important in determining genetic variation in fall cold hardiness, much more so than in traits of bud burst (a surrogate for spring cold hardiness), bud set, and growth. Seed movement guidelines and breeding zones may be more restrictive when considering genetic variation in fall cold hardiness compared with growth, phenology, or spring cold hardiness. A regional stratification system based on ecoregions with latitudinal and elevational divisions, and roughly corresponding with breeding zones used in Oregon and Washington, appeared to be adequate for minimizing population differences within regions for growth and phenology, but perhaps not fall cold hardiness. Although cold hardiness varied among populations, within-population and within-region variation is sufficiently large that responses to natural or artificial selection may be readily achieved.

Effects of prolonged cold storage on phenology and performance of Douglas-fir and noble fir 2 + 0 seedlings from high-elevation sources

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao-Hsiung Tung ◽  
Luci Wisniewski ◽  
David R. DeYoe
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Diameter Increment ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Noble Fir

Survival, phenology, and growth performance of 2 + 0 Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and noble fir (Abiesprocera Rehd.) seedlings planted at 1500 m in the Oregon Cascade Range were determined following a lifting on November 7 with 7 months of cold storage or lifting on March 1 with 3 months of cold storage. Storage temperature remained between 1 and 2 °C. There was no difference in Douglas-fir survival attributable to the lifting – cold-storage treatments during the first two growing seasons. The first-season survival of noble fir stored for 7 months was superior to that of those stored for 3 months, but no difference was evident after the second growing season. Timing of bud burst did not differ significantly among treatments for either species. However, the rate of bud burst was significantly greater for noble fir seedlings lifted in November and stored 7 months than for those lifted in March and stored 3 months. No difference in the rate of bud burst was observed between treatments for Douglas-fir. Shoot/root ratio for both species and treatments decreased significantly in the first growing season, but did not change significantly in the second growing season. Regardless of species, no differences were found in height growth or diameter increment between the two lifting – cold-storage treatments for the two consecutive growing seasons. The results suggest that Douglas-fir and noble fir seedlings originating from high-elevation seed sources can be lifted in fall and cold stored for 7 months without adverse effects on seedling performance.

Genetic variation in tree structure and its relation to size in Douglas-fir. I. Biomass partitioning, foliage efficiency, stem form, and wood density

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1226-1235 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. St.Clair
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Biomass Partitioning ◽  
Alternative Measure ◽  
Sapwood Area ◽  
Stem Size

Genetic variation and covariation among traits of tree size and structure were assessed in an 18-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii var. menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) genetic test in the Coast Range of Oregon. Considerable genetic variation was found in size, biomass partitioning, and wood density, and genetic gains may be expected from selection and breeding of desirable genotypes. Estimates of heritability for partitioning traits, including harvest index, were particularly high. Foliage efficiency (stem increment per unit leaf area) was strongly correlated with harvest index and may represent an alternative measure of partitioning to the stem. Estimates of foliage efficiency where leaf area was estimated based on stem diameter or sapwood area were unrelated to foliage efficiency where leaf area was measured directly. Strong negative genetic correlations were found between harvest index and stem size, and between wood density and stem size. Achieving simultaneous genetic gain in stem size and either harvest index or wood density would be difficult.

Genetic relationships between wood density components and cambial growth rhythm in young coastal Douglas-fir

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1871-1876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesus Vargas-Hernandez ◽  
W.T. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Wood Formation ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Increment Core ◽  
Growth Rhythm ◽  
Cambial Growth ◽  
Growth Initiation

To better understand the genetic control of wood formation in coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii var. menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), and to assess the potential impact of selecting for increased wood density on adaptation of trees, genetic relationships of wood density, and its components, with cambial growth rhythm traits were examined in a 15-year-old progeny test. Timing of diameter growth during the 1987 growing season was available from an earlier study, and wood formation traits were estimated by X-ray densitometry of increment core samples. Wood formation traits were under weak genetic control [Formula: see text]. Lengths of earlywood and latewood formation were mostly determined by the timing of latewood transition. Overall core density was negatively correlated with the dates of cambial growth initiation (rA = −0.41) and latewood transition (rA = −0.62), and positively correlated with the date of cambial growth cessation (rA = 0.40). As a result of these relationships, higher wood density was associated with a longer duration of cambial growth (rA = 0.67) and a slower rate of wood formation (rA = −0.37). All density components showed similar relationships with cambial phenology and wood formation traits. Selection for increased wood density is expected to cause only a slight extension of the cambial growth period, but it would also cause an earlier transition to latewood formation, negatively affecting growth rate.

Genetic relationships between water loss and shell deaths in ostrich eggs, assessed as traits of the female

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Brand ◽  
S. W. P. Cloete ◽  
I. A. Malecki ◽  
C. R. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
High Standard ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Evaporative Water ◽  
Genetic Level ◽  
Artificial Incubation

The ostrich industry suffers from a high rate of embryonic mortality during artificial incubation of eggs. Data from 34 285 eggs were used to derive 969 female-year records for evaporative water loss (WL), treated as a trait of the female. Heritability was significant for WL at a level of 0.40–0.41 (both after 21 and 35 days of incubation). WL at 21 and 35 days was negatively correlated on the genetic level with chick weight at hatching (–0.84 and –0.81, respectively). Shell deaths did not exhibit high levels of genetic variation (0.06), but were affected by the permanent environment of the female (0.33). Shell deaths were correlated with WL on a genetic level (–0.34 to –0.41), but the estimated genetic correlations were associated with high standard errors and are, therefore, not very robust. Further research is needed to obtain more accurate genetic relationships between traits influencing incubation.

Genetic selection for cold hardiness in coastal Douglas-fir seedlings and saplings

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1799-1807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory A O'Neill ◽  
Sally N Aitken ◽  
W Thomas Adams
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Bud Set

Genetic control of cold hardiness in two-year-old seedlings was compared with that in 7-year-old saplings of 40 open-pollinated families in each of two breeding populations (Coast and Cascade) of coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) from western Oregon. In addition, the efficacy of bud phenology traits as predictors of cold hardiness at the two stages was explored. Fall and spring cold hardiness were assessed using artificial freeze testing. Similar genetic control of cold hardiness in seedlings and saplings is suggested by strong type-B genetic correlations (rB) between the two ages for fall and spring cold injury traits (rB[Formula: see text] 0.78) and by similar trends in individual tree heritability estimates (hi2), e.g., hi2was greater in spring (h–i2= 0.73) than in fall (h–i2= 0.36) and greater in the Coast population (h–i2= 0.69) than in the Cascade population (h–i2= 0.40) at both ages. Strong responses to direct selection are expected for spring cold hardiness at both ages and for fall cold hardiness in seedlings, even under mild selection intensities. Similar heritabilities in seedlings and saplings, and strong genetic correlations between ages for cold-hardiness traits, ensure that selection at one age will produce similar gains at the other age. Type-A genetic correlations (rA) between fall and spring cold hardiness were near zero in the Cascade population (rA= 0.08 and -0.14 at ages 2 and 7, respectively) but were moderate and negative in the Coast population (rA= -0.54 and -0.36, respectively). Bud-burst timing appears to be a suitable surrogate to artificial freeze testing for assessing spring cold hardiness in both seedlings and saplings, as is bud set timing for assessing fall cold hardiness in seedlings, but bud set timing is a poor predictor of fall cold hardiness in saplings.

Genetic variation of wood density components in young coastal Douglas-fir: implications for tree breeding

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 1801-1807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesus Vargas-Hernandez ◽  
W. T. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Density Variation ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Control Individual ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Efficiency Of Selection

The genetic control of wood density components (earlywood density, latewood density, and latewood proportion) and their relationships with overall density in coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii) were examined to assess the usefulness of this information in breeding for wood density. The genetic relationships of wood density with intraring density variation and bole volume growth were also investigated. Increment cores were taken at breast height from 15-year-old trees of 60 open-pollinated families. Averages across each core for overall wood density, its components, and intraring density variation were determined by using X-ray densitometry. Bole volume at age 15 for the same trees was derived from tree height and diameter at breast height measurements. Although wood density components varied significantly among families and were under moderate genetic control (individual-tree heritability (hi2) > 0.24), none had a higher heritability than overall density (hi2 = 0.59). Density components had strong genetic correlations with overall density (r ≥ 0.74) but were also strongly related among themselves (0.57 ≤ r ≤ 0.92). Thus, density components have limited value in improving the efficiency of selection for overall density. Overall density was positively correlated with intraring density variation (r = 0.72) and negatively correlated with bole volume (r = −0.52). Comparison of several selection indices incorporating wood density and one or more growth traits, however, showed that it is possible to obtain substantial gains in bole volume without loss in (or even with a modest increase in) wood density. By restricting the response in wood density, the change in intraring density variation can also be limited.

Genetic variation in NFE2L2 and SEPS1S associated with increased risk of Hashimoto's thyroiditis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana R Santos ◽  
Cecila Duraes ◽  
Ana Pestana ◽  
Cesar Esteves ◽  
Celestino Neves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Hashimoto’S Thyroiditis ◽  
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis ◽  
Increased Risk
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