Fumigating mature spruce branches with SO2: effects on net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1464-1471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan-Rui Meng ◽  
R.M. Cox ◽  
Paul A. Arp
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Direct Proportion ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
Foliage Leaf ◽  
Leaf Yellowing

Branches on mature red spruce trees (Picearubens Sarg.) were fumigated with SO2 in late summer of 1990 and 1991. There were four SO2 treatment levels (0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 ppm) and 12 fumigation chambers. Each treatment was replicated on three neighboring trees. Net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of current-year foliage were determined with a Li-Cor photosynthesis system. Rates of foliar SO2 absorption were estimated using regression models, with leaf temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric CO2 concentrations, and photosynthetically active radiation as predictors. Fumigation effects became visible in terms of needle yellowing and browning after a few weeks of treatment. Effects on net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance were generally negative and in direct proportion with cumulative foliar SO2 absorption. It was found that, in shade-adapted foliage, visible symptoms were delayed, and stomatal conductance was slightly stimulated at low SO2 levels. In other foliage, leaf yellowing and browning occurred earlier, and stomatal conductance was depressed. Net photosynthesis was depressed at about the same rate regardless of branch position. Foliage subjected to high SO2 concentration treatments did not recover from SO2 damage 1 year after treatment: needles had fallen off the twigs, and needle and twig length of new foliage was reduced.

Net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of red spruce twigs before and after twig detachment

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 716-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan-Rui Meng ◽  
Paul A. Arp
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Photosynthetically Active Radiation ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
Before And After

Rates of net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of red spruce (Picearubens Sarg.) twigs were measured in field conditions before and after twig detachment on clear midsummer days in New Brunswick. Although these variables did not change significantly within about 6 min after twig detachment, they did drop continually after detachment. Regression models for the rates of net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance were developed that can be used to simulate this drop. Photosynthetically active radiation, leaf temperature, relative humidity, and CO2 concentration were the principal covariates in these models. The regressions improved by including simulated leaf moisture values in the analysis of data obtained after twig detachment.

Photosynthesis and transpiration in large forest-grown Douglas-fir: diurnal variation

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry W. Leverenz
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Pressure Difference ◽  
Intercellular Space ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Vapor Pressure Difference

Net photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance of terminal shoots of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) were measured using an open gas exchange system. Correlations between these physiological parameters and environmental variables on an overcast day, a cool partly sunny day, and a day of high temperature and leaf–air vapor pressure difference are presented. Diurnal variation in shoot water potential and intercellular space CO2 concentration had little effect on the physiological parameters. Leaf–air vapor pressure difference and (or) leaf temperature had considerable influence on days of high temperatures. Net photosynthetic rate was strongly correlated with photon flux density on completely overcast days.Stomatal conductance exerted little control on diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rates on overcast days because stomatal conductance saturated at lower photon flux densities than net photosynthesis. When net photosynthesis was light saturated parallel responses of stomatal and residual conductances to vapor pressure difference and (or) leaf temperature occurred. Intercellular space CO2 concentration remained fairly constant when net photosynthesis was light saturated.

scholarly journals A Model for Net Photosynthesis of Rose Leaves as a Function of Photosynthetically Active Radiation, Leaf Temperature, and Leaf Age

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 486-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.H. Lieth ◽  
C.C. Pasian
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetically Active Radiation ◽  
Mathematical Description ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Rosa Hybrida ◽  
Crop Canopy ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
The Relationship

A mathematical description for the relationship between the rate of rose (Rosa hybrida L.) leaf net photosynthesis and photosynthetically active radiation, leaf temperature, and leaf age is developed. The model provides a tool for the prediction of these rates for leaves growing in a rose crop canopy.

scholarly journals 357 PHOTOSYNTHETIC RESPONSE OF SELECT RED MAPLE CULTIVARS TO LIGHT INTENSITY

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 482b-482
Author(s):  
Jeff L. Sibley ◽  
D. Joseph Eakes ◽  
Charles H. Gilliam ◽  
William A. Dozier
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Photosynthetically Active Radiation ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Photosynthetic Response ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
Use Efficiency

Net photosynthesis (Pn), stomatal conductance (Cs), transpiration (Ts), and water use efficiency (WUE) were determined with a LICOR 6250 Portable Photosynthesis System for four cultivars of Acer rubrum L. under light intensities ranging from 300 to 1950 μmol·m-2·sec-1 photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). As PAR increased, there was a linear relationship for Pn, Cs, and Ts for the cultivars `Franksred' (Red Sunset TM) and `October Glory'. In contrast, the cultivars `Schlesingeri' and `Northwood' had quadratic relationships for Pn and Cs as PAR increased. Ts was quadratic for `Schlesingeri' and had a linear relationship for `Northwood.' WUE was quadratic for each of the four cultivars.

Ozone effects on grafted mature and juvenile red spruce: photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and chlorophyll concentration

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 450-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Rebbeck ◽  
Keith F. Jensen ◽  
Michael S. Greenwood
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Specific Leaf Weight ◽  
Open Top Chambers ◽  
Species Response

Red spruce (Picearubens Sarg.) was grown as grafted mature and juvenile scions in open-top chambers and exposed to charcoal-filtered air, nonfiltered air, and nonfiltered air with ozone additions of either 75 or 150 ppb above ambient to determine if tissue age affects the species response to oxidant pollution as measured by photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and chlorophyll concentration. After 18 weeks of exposure to ozone of concentrations as high as 170 ppb (nonfiltered air + 150 ppb ozone) in an 8-h period, net photosynthesis of grafted red spruce was reduced by ozone. Significant reductions were not observed until September 1988. Mature and juvenile scions grown in nonfiltered air + 150 ppb ozone showed 29 and 40% reductions, respectively, in mean seasonal net photosynthesis (mg CO2•g dry wt.−1•h−1) compared with those plants grown in nonfiltered air. Scion age had a significant effect on net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. Net photosynthesis (mg CO2•g dry wt.−1•h−1) and stomatal conductance were 38 and 47% higher, respectively, in juvenile than in mature scions. Chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll concentration of juvenile scion needles were significantly reduced 19 and 24%, respectively, when grown in nonfiltered air + 150 ppb ozone compared with that grown in charcoal-filtered air (p < 0.01). Mature scions had significantly more chlorophyll a than juvenile scions in October 1988. Current-year needles collected from mature scions had significantly greater mass, length, one-sided projected surface area, width, and thickness than juvenile scions. Mature scions had significantly lower needle numbers per centimetre branch than did juvenile scions. No differences in specific leaf weight were observed. Mature scions had less ozone uptake than did juvenile scions.

Red spruce seedling gas exchange in response to elevated CO2, water stress, and soil fertility treatments

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 954-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.J. Samuelson ◽  
J.R. Seiler
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Fertility Treatment ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
Growing Seasons

The interactive influences of ambient (374 μL•L−1) or elevated (713 μL•L−1) CO2, low or high soil fertility, well-watered or water-stressed treatment, and rooting volume on gas exchange and growth were examined in red spruce (Picearubens Sarg.) grown from seed through two growing seasons. Leaf gas exchange throughout two growing seasons and growth after two growing seasons in response to elevated CO2 were independent of soil fertility and water-stress treatments, and rooting volume. During the first growing season, no reduction in leaf photosynthesis of seedlings grown in elevated CO2 compared with seedlings grown in ambient CO2 was observed when measured at the same CO2 concentration. During the second growing season, net photosynthesis was up to 21% lower for elevated CO2-grown seedlings than for ambient CO2-grown seedlings when measured at 358 μL•L−1. Thus, photosynthetic acclimation to growth in elevated CO2 occurred gradually and was not a function of root-sink strength or soil-fertility treatment. However, net photosynthesis of seedlings grown and measured at an elevated CO2 concentration was still over 2 times greater than the photosynthesis of seedlings grown and measured at an ambient CO2 concentration. Growth enhancement by CO2 was maintained, since seedlings grown in elevated CO2 were 40% larger in both size and weight after two growing seasons.

Photosynthesis and Transpiration in Damaged and Undamaged Spruce Trees

1996 ◽  
Vol 51 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 200-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aloysius Wild ◽  
Peter Sabel ◽  
Lucia Wild-Peters ◽  
Ursula Schmieden
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Diurnal Course ◽  
Physiological Homeostasis ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Needle Loss ◽  
Light Saturation Curves

Abstract The investigations presented here focus on the CO2/H2O gas exchange in damaged and undamaged spruce trees while using open-air measurements as well as measurements under defined conditions in the laboratory. The studies were performed at two different sites in the Hunsrück and the Westerwald mountains. In the laboratory the CO2/H2O gas exchange was measured on detached branches under controlled conditions in the course of two years. CO2 saturation curves were also generated. In addition CO2 compensation points were deter­ mined employing a closed system. In the natural habitat diurnal course measurements of photosynthesis and transpiration as well as light-saturation curves for photosynthesis were performed. In parallel with the photosynthesis and transpiration measurements, measurements of the water potential were taken at both locations. The photosynthetic capacity and transpiration rate show a typical annual course with pronounced maxima in spring and late summer and minima in summer and winter. The needles of the damaged trees exhibit higher transpiration rates and a distinct reduction in photosyn­ thesis than the needles of the undamaged trees during two seasons. The diurnal course measurements of net photosynthesis and transpiration show a maximum in photosynthesis and transpiration in the afternoon in May and September, but a characteristic midday depression in July. Photosynthesis was markedly lower and transpiration higher in the needles of the damaged trees. The damaged trees show a lower increase in the light and CO2 saturation curves and higher CO2 compensation points as compared to the undamaged trees. The water potential reaches much lower values during the course of the day in needles of the dam­ aged trees. The reduction of the photosynthetic rate on one hand and the increase in transpiration on the other hand result in an extreme lowering of the water use efficiency in photosynthesis. The damage to the thylakoid membranes and to the guard cells obviously results in a pro­ found disturbance of the physiological homeostasis of the needles and could thus lead to premature needle loss.

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