Predation and overwintering mortality of the white pine weevil, Pissodesstrobi, in planted and seeded jack pine

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1426-1433 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Isabel Bellocq ◽  
Sandy M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Jack Pine ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
Silvicultural Treatments ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Insect Predators ◽  
Overwintering Mortality ◽  
White Pine Weevil ◽  
Significant Mortality

Predation by birds and insects and overwintering mortality of the white pine weevil, Pissodesstrobi Peck, were examined in planted and seeded stands of jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) in northern Ontario to develop recommendations for management. No significant difference was found in weevil damage to the stand and in mortality of weevils due to natural enemies between planted and seeded stands. On average, 7.3 ± 0.3 (mean ± 1 SE) weevils emerged as adults from dead terminals. Birds consumed up to 6.4% of late-larval and pupal weevils in planted stands and up to 8.9% in seeded stands. More weevils emerged from screened than from unscreened leaders, indicating a significant mortality of larvae and pupae, presumably owing to insect predators and parasitoids and high density of pupae. Overwintering mortality of adult weevils was 92% in the planted and 76% in the seeded stand. Mammalian predation significantly reduced survival of overwintering weevils. Factors related to other silvicultural treatments, such as the presence of weeds, may be affecting the survival of Pissodesstrobi and the susceptibility of Pinusbanksiana stands to Pissodesstrobi infestation. The manipulation of both mammalian predation and overwintering sites should be emphasized in the management of P. strobi in Pinusbanksiana plantations.

scholarly journals Mortality of the white pine weevil associated with silvicultural practices in jack pine plantations

1996 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 388-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Isabel Bellocq ◽  
Sandy M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammal ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Pissodes Strobi ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
Competing Vegetation ◽  
Overwintering Mortality ◽  
White Pine Weevil

A synthesis of white pine weevil (Pissodes strobi Peck) mortality caused by predation (insects, birds, and mammalian predators), crowding of pupae, and abiotic factors, acting under different stand conditions given by the type of reforestation, depth of the duff, distance from woody debris, and presence of competing vegetation is presented, based on a four-year study conducted in northeastern Ontario. The type of reforestation (planted vs. aerial seeding) did not influence mortality to immature weevils in the leaders from either bird predation, insect predators and parasitoids or crowding of pupae, but 16% more weevils died during winter in a planted than in a seeded stand suggesting that there was an effect of site condition or small mammal predation on overwintering adults in the duff. Over all conditions, overwintering mortality averaged 76-92% with small mammal predation representing about 5-13%. Site conditions which augmented small mammal populations and predation, such as proximity to woody debris and presence of competing vegetation, had no effect on overwintering mortality of the weevils. The most important factor influencing overwintering mortality was likely the depth of duff where an inverse relationship was observed between mortality and depth. Forest managers should address conditions of duff depth and small mammal predation to increase the already significant overwintering mortality of adult weevils in young jack pine stands. Key words: Pissodes strobi, silvicultural treatments, planted and seeded stands, competing vegetation, duff layers, small mammal predation, overwintering mortality

scholarly journals Genetically based resistance to the white pine weevil in jack pine and eastern white pine

2010 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 775-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Verrez ◽  
Dan Quiring ◽  
Thibaut Leinekugel Le Cocq ◽  
Greg Adams ◽  
Yill Sung Park
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Pissodes Strobi ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
Tree Resistance ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
White Pine Weevil

White pine weevil (Pissodes strobi Peck) damage was evaluated in one white pine (Pinus strobus L.) and four jack pine(Pinus banksiana Lamb) half-sib family test sites to determine the role of tree genotype in resistance to the weevil. Halfsibfamily explained a significant proportion of the variation in weevil attack at all sites. Estimates of family (0.16-0.54)and individual (0.09-0.24) heritabilities of jack pine resistance to white pine weevil were moderate. Estimates of family(0.37) and individual (0.22) heritability of resistance of white pine to the weevil were also moderate when the percentageof test trees damaged by the weevil was relatively low, but were insignificant four years later when more than three-quartersof trees were damaged. Significant positive correlations between mean tree height and mean incidence of trees damagedby the weevil were observed for four of seven site-years but relationships were weak, suggesting that any cost, withrespect to height growth, to breeding weevil resistant trees may be small.Key words: Pinus, Pissodes strobi, trade-offs, tree improvement, tree resistance, white pine weevil.

Control of White Pine Weevil in Young Jack Pine Plantations with Permethrin and Methoxychlor

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Peter de Groot ◽  
Blair V. Helson ◽  
Bert F. Zylstra ◽  
John W. McFarlane ◽  
Dave R. Comba
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Test ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Insecticide Treatment ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
White Pine Weevil

Abstract The efficacy of mistblower applications of permethrin at 70 g and 140 g active ingredient (ai)/ha and methoxychlor at 1.1 kg ai/ha was evaluated for the control of white pine weevil in young jack pine plantations. The results from 2 yr of testing indicate that 1-3% of the leaders were weevil-damaged after insecticide treatment compared to 9-13% in untreated plantations. Generally, all three insecticide treatments were similarly effective in reducing weevil damage. Additional field trials with permethrin at 70 g ai/ha showed that effective applications can be made as late as 2 wk after the first weevils have emerged in the spring from the soil. Mistblower applications of permethrin and methoxychlor can be an effective method to control the weevil in high value jack pine plantations such as seed orchards and genetic test sites where silvicultural and cultural control techniques are impractical. North. J. Appl. For. 12(1):19-22.

Biological performance of the white pine weevil in different host species and in two ecological regions of southern Quebec

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 2026-2034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Boucher ◽  
Yves Mauffette ◽  
Robert Lavallée
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Host Species ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
Ecological Regions ◽  
White Pine Weevil

The performance of the white pine weevil (Pissodes strobi Peck) was studied on five different host species: Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss), red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.), jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), and eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.). Attacked terminal leaders were collected prior to adult emergence, within two different ecological regions of Quebec, the Outaouais and Appalaches regions. According to their natural range, jack pine was studied only in the Outaouais region and red spruce only in the Appalaches one. Weevil performance did not differ between regions but differed among host species. The number of eggs laid per leader was greatest on jack pine, white pine, and Norway spruce (279, 219, and 218 eggs per leader, respectively). Adults emerging from white pine were the heaviest (0.0104 g). The number of adults per leader was greater on Norway spruce and white pine (34 and 23 adults, respectively), and survival tended to be greater on Norway spruce and white spruce leaders (18 and 15%, respectively). Norway spruce had the longest leaders, and jack pine had the thickest ones. Leader dimensions were correlated with all variables of weevil performance, except insect survival, but these characteristics explain only a small part of the variation in weevil performance. Norway spruce and white pine can be considered favourable hosts for rapid population buildup according to the high number of emerging adults per attacked leader.

Foliar and cortical monoterpenes in Sitka spruce: potential indicators of resistance to the white pine weevil, Pissodesstrobi Peck (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 740-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Brooks ◽  
J. H. Borden ◽  
H. D. Pierce Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
River Valley ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Breeding For Resistance ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
Relative Composition ◽  
White Pine Weevil

To determine whether a resistant chemotype to the white pine weevil, Pissodesstrobi Peck, could be identified, the relative composition of monoterpenes in weevil-susceptible Sitka spruce, Piceasitchensis (Bong.) Carr., was compared to that in apparently resistant trees. Foliar and cortical analysis of trees from Green Timbers Nursery in Surrey, Nootka Island, Sayward, and the Nass River Valley, B.C., revealed significant differences between 38 resistant and 60 susceptible trees. The foliage of resistant trees, compared with that of susceptible trees, had significantly lower amounts of isoamyl isovalerate at three sites and lower amounts of isopentenyl isovalerate at one site. Amounts of a α-pinene, β-pinene, camphene, and camphor were significantly higher in some resistant trees, but these differences were not consistent between sites. Myrcene, β-phellandrene, and limonene levels were much higher in the cortex of susceptible trees than the resistant trees from the Nass River and Green Timbers Nursery. Thus none of the monoterpenes, singly or in combination, is a consistent indicator of resistance to the white pine weevil. The two isovalerates could possibly be used as indicators of resistance. However, a broader spectrum of resistance characteristics should be employed if breeding for resistance is desired.

Variation in the induced resin response of white spruce, Piceaglauca, to attack by Pissodesstrobi

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 967-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
René I. Alfaro ◽  
G.K. Kiss ◽  
A. Yanchuk
Keyword(s):  
White Spruce ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Response Level ◽  
Response Intensity ◽  
Attack Response ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
Nonlinear Fashion ◽  
White Pine Weevil

The intensity of the traumatic resin response in white spruce, Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss, to attack by the white pine weevil, Pissodesstrobi Peck, was studied in trees with different severities of attack. The response level was highest in trees where the attacks failed, i.e., where eggs were laid but the brood was killed and no adults emerged. Successfully attacked trees had, on average, only 62% of the response intensity of trees with failed attacks. Response intensity in trees that had been subjected only to feeding was much lower, at 42% of the failed attack response. Healthy unattacked trees showed no or little traumatic resin response. Response intensity varied in a nonlinear fashion with the number of eggs laid, increasing rapidly from zero in healthy trees, being highest in trees having between 10 and 60 egg punctures, and progressively lower again in trees with higher numbers of egg punctures. For a given number of egg punctures, resistant white spruce trees had a consistently higher traumatic resin response than susceptible trees. The number of eggs laid on a leader was inversely related to the intensity of the traumatic resin response and to the timing of the attack. Fewer eggs were laid on leaders with high traumatic resin response or attacked late in the season than on leaders with lower resin response or attacked early in the season.

Life Tables of the White Pine Weevil, Pissodes strobi , 1 in Central Maine 2

1982 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne N. Dixon ◽  
Mark W. Houseweart
Keyword(s):  
Life Tables ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Pissodes Strobi ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
White Pine Weevil
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