Effect of base cation addition on soil chemistry in a sugar maple forest of the Lower Laurentians, Quebec

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 609-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.H. Hendershot ◽  
F. Courchesne
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Base Cation ◽  
Solution Chemistry ◽  
Rooting Zone ◽  
Nutrient Imbalances ◽  
Soil Solutions ◽  
Primary Means ◽  
Commercial Sugar ◽  
The Impact

Forest fertilization has been adopted as the primary means of controlling sugar maple (Acersaccharum Marsh.) dieback in southern Quebec. Following foliar analysis, treatments containing appropriate mixtures of K, Ca, Mg, and (or) P have been used on commercial sugar groves. This study was undertaken to identify the impact of base cation additions on nutrient cycling in a sugar maple stand in the Lower Laurentians, Quebec, and to quantify the amounts of added nutrients that were retained in the stand or lost by leaching. In 1988, six 40 × 40 m plots were established; three were kept as controls and the other three received a mixture of 500 kg•ha−1 of K2SO4, 250 kg•ha−1 of Ca,Mg(CO3)2 and 250 kg•ha−1 of CaCO3 applied as fine particulate matter in June 1989. Soil solutions were collected weekly during the spring and fall from October 1988 until November 1992. Soil solution chemistry indicated that there was increased biocycling of both K and Mg as a result of the treatment. The application of appropriate mixtures of base cation will improve the fertility of the soils and decrease nutrient imbalances. The amount of added material lost from the rooting zone was a small proportion of the amount added: over a 4-year period following treatment only 12.1, 9.5, and 1.4% of added Ca, Mg, and K were lost, respectively.

Solution concentrations of nutrient ions below the rooting zone of a sugar maple stand: relations to soil moisture, temperature, and season

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiwei Yin ◽  
Neil W. Foster ◽  
Paul A. Arp
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Solution Chemistry ◽  
Rooting Zone ◽  
Temperature Solution ◽  
Turkey Lakes Watershed

Temporal variations of ion concentrations in soil solution were analyzed in relation to soil percolate volume, soil water content, soil temperature, solution chemistry, and season. The study site was an uneven-aged, mature northern tolerant hardwoods dominated by sugar maple (Acersaccharum Marsh.) within the Turkey Lakes Watershed, Ontario. Six ions were investigated: nitrate (NO3−), sulfate (SO42−), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), potassium (K+), and ammonium (NH4+). Nitrate concentrations in the soil solution depended on season during the nonfoliage period and responded directly to forest floor percolation, soil water content, and season during the foliage period. Variations of SO42−, Ca2+, and Mg2+ concentrations were mostly attributable to NO3− concentration, and to season to a lesser extent. Concentrations of K+ and NH4+ correlated only weakly to any of the "independent" variables included in the analysis, reflecting a high affinity between these ions and the soil colloids.

Effects of grassland afforestation on exchangeable soil and soil solution aluminium

Soil Research ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Adams ◽  
M. R. Davis ◽  
K. J. Powell
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Base Cation ◽  
Pinus Nigra ◽  
Base Saturation ◽  
Conifer Forest ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Hill Slope ◽  
Soil Solutions ◽  
The Impact

The impact of land use change from grassland to conifer forest on the aluminium (Al) concentrations in soils and soil solutions was examined. Soils from grassland were compared with those from adjoining 15–19-year old forest stands at 3 contrasting pairs of sites in South Island, New Zealand. The site pairs were on a terrace [Pinus nigra/P. ponderosa, and grassland (CP)], and a hill slope [Pseudotsuga menziesii and grassland (CF)] in the Craigieburn range, Canterbury, and a hill slope in the Lammerlaw Range, Otago [P. radiata and grassland (LP)]. The sites had never been cultivated or fertilised, and for each pair the forest and grassland were similar in terms of soil and topography. The 1 M KCl exchangeable and 0.02 M CaCl 2 extractable Al levels at 0–10 cm were higher in forest than in grassland topsoil at CP and LP (P < 0.01). In soil solutions there was a trend for both ‘reactive Al’ and Al bound in labile organic complexes to be higher in forest soil at all sites, but site-pair differences were only significant at LP, and only for ‘reactive Al’. The increase in ‘reactive Al’ at this site was linked to the low pH and low base saturation. The ratios of exchangeable and soil solution Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ to ‘reactive Al’ were substantially lower in forest than grassland soils at all sites. Aluminium complexation capacity (Al-CC) values at all sites were higher in forest soil solutions than in grassland soil solutions. For the grassland and forest sites at LP, the Al-CC correlated strongly with the amount of soluble fulvic and humic matter present, as estimated from soil solution UV absorbance at 250 nm. In soils with the lowest percentage base saturation and buffering capacity (LP), afforestation of pastoral grassland with Pinus radiata significantly reduced soil pH and base cation levels, while increasing both soil and soil solution Al concentrations. Under such conditions (base saturation <20%), the increase in ‘reactive Al’ concentrations in soil solutions under fast growing conifer tree species may be sufficient to affect Mg uptake.

Faiza Ambah's Mariam and the Embodied Politics of Veiling in France

Paragraph ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-350
Author(s):  
Kaya Davies Hayon
Keyword(s):  
The West ◽  
Everyday Lives ◽  
Embodied Experiences ◽  
Primary Means ◽  
The Veil ◽  
Islam And Secularism ◽  
The Impact

This article argues that Mariam uses its eponymous heroine's lived and embodied experiences of veiling to explore the impact of French secular legislation on Muslim schoolgirls' everyday lives in France. Interweaving secularism studies, feminism and phenomenology, I argue that the film portrays the headscarf as the primary means by which its protagonist is able to resist male patriarchal authority and negotiate her hybrid subjectivity. I conclude that Mariam offers a nuanced representation of veiling that troubles the perceived distinctions between Islam and secularism, oppression and freedom, and the veil and feminism in France and the West.

scholarly journals Effect of Short-Term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Temperature on Acute Myocardial Infarction in Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4822
Author(s):  
Jiyoung Shin ◽  
Jongmin Oh ◽  
In Sook Kang ◽  
Eunhee Ha ◽  
Wook Bum Pyun
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
The Impact

Background/Aim: Previous studies have suggested that the short-term ambient air pollution and temperature are associated with myocardial infarction. In this study, we aimed to conduct a time-series analysis to assess the impact of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and temperature on acute myocardial infarction (AMI) among adults over 20 years of age in Korea by using the data from the Korean National Health Information Database (KNHID). Methods: The daily data of 192,567 AMI cases in Seoul were collected from the nationwide, population-based KNHID from 2005 to 2014. The monitoring data of ambient PM2.5 from the Seoul Research Institute of Public Health and Environment were also collected. A generalized additive model (GAM) that allowed for a quasi-Poisson distribution was used to analyze the effects of PM2.5 and temperature on the incidence of AMI. Results: The models with PM2.5 lag structures of lag 0 and 2-day averages of lag 0 and 1 (lag 01) showed significant associations with AMI (Relative risk [RR]: 1.011, CI: 1.003–1.020 for lag 0, RR: 1.010, CI: 1.000–1.020 for lag 01) after adjusting the covariates. Stratification analysis conducted in the cold season (October–April) and the warm season (May–September) showed a significant lag 0 effect for AMI cases in the cold season only. Conclusions: In conclusion, acute exposure to PM2.5 was significantly associated with AMI morbidity at lag 0 in Seoul, Korea. This increased risk was also observed at low temperatures.

Vegetation Effects on Soil Properties in the Monteagle Sandy Loam Series: Implications for Land‐use Change

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison Neil
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
The Impact

Soil properties are strongly influenced by the composition of the surrounding vegetation. We investigated soil properties of three ecosystems; a coniferous forest, a deciduous forest and an agricultural grassland, to determine the impact of land use change on soil properties. Disturbances such as deforestation followed by cultivation can severely alter soil properties, including losses of soil carbon. We collected nine 40 cm cores from three ecosystem types on the Roebuck Farm, north of Perth Village, Ontario, Canada. Dominant species in each ecosystem included hemlock and white pine in the coniferous forest; sugar maple, birch and beech in the deciduous forest; grasses, legumes and herbs in the grassland. Soil pH varied little between the three ecosystems and over depth. Soils under grassland vegetation had the highest bulk density, especially near the surface. The forest sites showed higher cation exchange capacity and soil moisture than the grassland; these differences largely resulted from higher organic matter levels in the surface forest soils. Vertical distribution of organic matter varied greatly amongst the three ecosystems. In the forest, more of the organic matter was located near the surface, while in the grassland organic matter concentrations varied little with depth. The results suggest that changes in land cover and land use alters litter inputs and nutrient cycling rates, modifying soil physical and chemical properties. Our results further suggest that conversion of forest into agricultural land in this area can lead to a decline in soil carbon storage.

Religion and Politics in Contemporary Turkey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ateş Altınordu
Keyword(s):  
Religion And Politics ◽  
Political Incorporation ◽  
Turkish Politics ◽  
Primary Means ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Turkish State ◽  
Islamic Parties ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Religion and secularism have been central threads in Turkish politics throughout the history of the republic. This chapter focuses on three important aspects of the relationship between religion and politics in contemporary Turkey. First, it explores the political functions of the Directorate of Religious Affairs (Diyanet), a government agency that has served as the primary means for the implementation of the religious policies of the Turkish state. Second, it investigates the relations between Islamic communities, political parties, and the state and argues that the distinction between official and unofficial Islam that has informed much of the work on the Turkish religious field must be strongly qualified. Finally, the author focuses on the trajectory of political Islam in Turkey, critically reviewing the literature on the rise, political incorporation, and authoritarian turn of Islamic parties. The conclusion emphasizes the need for studies investigating the impact of politics on religiosity in Turkish society.

scholarly journals Effects of Maternal Homelessness, Supplemental Nutrition Programs, and Prenatal PM2.5 on Birthweight

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (21) ◽  
pp. 4154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jongeun Rhee ◽  
M. Patricia Fabian ◽  
Stephanie Ettinger de Cuba ◽  
Sharon Coleman ◽  
Megan Sandel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Black Mothers ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Supplemental Nutrition ◽  
Nutrition Programs ◽  
Wic Participation ◽  
Pollution Exposure ◽  
The Impact

Few studies examined the impact of maternal socioeconomic status and of its combined effects with environmental exposures on birthweight. Our goal was to examine the impact of maternal homelessness (mothers ever homeless or who lived in shelters during pregnancy) and participation in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) during pregnancy in conjunction with air pollution exposure on birthweight in the Boston-based Children’s HealthWatch cohort from 2007 through 2015 (n = 3366). Birthweight was obtained from electronic health records. Information on maternal homelessness and WIC participation during pregnancy were provided via a questionnaire. Prenatal fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposures, estimated at the subject’s residential address, were calculated for each trimester. We fit linear regression models adjusting for maternal and child characteristics, seasonality, and block-group-level median household income and examined the interactions between PM2.5 and each covariate. Prenatal maternal homelessness was associated with reduced birthweight (−55.7 g, 95% CI: −97.8 g, −13.7 g), while participating in WIC was marginally associated with increased birthweight (36.1 g, 95% CI: −7.3 g, 79.4 g). Only average PM2.5 during the second trimester was marginally associated with reduced birthweight (−8.5 g, 95% CI: −19.3, 2.3) for a 1 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5. The association of PM2.5 during the second trimester with reduced birthweight was stronger among non-Hispanic Black mothers and trended toward significance among immigrants and single mothers. Our study emphasizes the independent and synergistic effects of social and environmental stressors on birthweight, particularly the potentially protective effect of participating in WIC for vulnerable populations.

Present-day expansion of American beech in northeastern hardwood forests: Does soil base status matter?

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 2273-2282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Duchesne ◽  
Rock Ouimet
Keyword(s):  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Base Cation ◽  
Hardwood Forests ◽  
Fagus Grandifolia ◽  
Soil Base ◽  
Large Area ◽  
American Beech ◽  
Permanent Sample Plots

Recently, sugar maple ( Acer saccharum Marsh.) decline in northeastern North America has been regarded as a major factor structuring hardwood forests by favouring American beech ( Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) in the understory of maple-dominated stands. To determine whether soil fertility differences associated with sugar maple decline may have promoted the expansion of American beech, we explored the relationships between the soil base status and the sapling and tree strata density and composition, using data from 426 permanent sample plots distributed throughout Quebec. Our results indicate that American beech is currently expanding in the sugar maple range of Quebec. The abundance and proportion of American beech in the sapling stratum are mainly associated with the proportion of American beech in the tree stratum, the relative basal area of dead sugar maple trees, and the base status of soils. In accordance with the many studies reporting on the high sensitivity of sugar maple to the acid–base status of soils and the decline of the sugar maple population, this study supports the hypothesis that soil base cation depletion, caused in part by atmospheric acid deposition, is among the main factors involved in the present-day expansion of American beech over a large area in Quebec.

scholarly journals Investigating the impact of regional transport on PM<sub>2.5</sub> formation using vertical observation during APEC 2014 Summit in Beijing

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Hua ◽  
Shuxiao Wang ◽  
Jiandong Wang ◽  
Jingkun Jiang ◽  
Tianshu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Regional Transport ◽  
Observation Methods ◽  
Pollutants Transport ◽  
Accumulation Of Pollutants ◽  
Primary Emissions ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. During APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) Economic Leaders' 2014 Summit in Beijing, strict regional air emission control was implemented, providing a unique opportunity to investigate the transport and formation mechanism of fine particulate matter (PM2.5). This study explores the use of vertical observation methods to investigate the influence of regional transport on PM2.5 pollution in Beijing before and during the APEC Summit. Vertical profiles of extinction coefficient, wind, temperature and relative humidity were monitored. Three PM2.5 pollution episodes were analysed. In episode 1 (October 27th to November 1st), regional transport accompanied with the accumulation of pollutants under unfavourable meteorological conditions led to the pollution. In episode 2 (November 2nd to 5th), pollutants left from episode 1 were retained in the boundary layer for 2 days in the region and then settled down to the surface, leading to an explosive increase of PM2.5. The regional transport of aged aerosols played a crucial role in the heavy PM2.5 pollution. In episode 3 (November 6th to 11th), emission from large point sources had been controlled for several days while primary emissions from diesel vehicle might lead to the pollution. It is found that ground-level observation of meteorology condition and air quality could not fully explain the pollution process while vertical parameters (aerosol optical profile, wind profile, relatively humidity profile and temperature profile) improved the understanding of regional transport influence on heavy pollution process. Further vertical observations are needed to investigate the pollutants transport especially during the explosive increase pollution episode.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document