Heritabilities and additive genetic coefficients of variation in forest trees

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 372-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Cornelius
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Genetic Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Genetic Coefficient

Estimates of individual-tree narrow-sense heritability and additive genetic coefficient of variation of seven traits of forest trees were compiled from 67 published papers. Distributions of the values for each trait were characterized and compared by calculating medians and running Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Generalizations are possible about at least some of the traits examined. Heritability of wood specific gravity was almost always above 0.3 (median 0.48). Heritabilities for other traits tended to be low: medians ranged from 0.185 to 0.26, and individual values generally ranged from 0.1 to 0.4. Evidence that heritabilities of form traits tend to be higher than those of growth traits was weak. The analysis of additive genetic coefficients of variation suggested that specific gravity tends to have lower values than other traits (median 5.1%), while height and diameter (medians 8.5 and 8.6%, respectively) had lower values than straightness (median 11.65%). Individual-tree volume showed the highest levels of additive genetic coefficient of variation (median 20.3%). The levels of additive genetic variation and heritabilities suggest that reasonable levels of genetic gain can be achieved by screening relatively low numbers of trees.

scholarly journals Comparing evolvability and variability of quantitative traits.

Genetics ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Houle
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Stabilizing Selection ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Weak Selection ◽  
Residual Variation ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Genetic Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Environmental Events ◽  
Genetic Coefficient ◽  
Comparative Measure

Abstract There are two distinct reasons for making comparisons of genetic variation for quantitative characters. The first is to compare evolvabilities, or ability to respond to selection, and the second is to make inferences about the forces that maintain genetic variability. Measures of variation that are standardized by the trait mean, such as the additive genetic coefficient of variation, are appropriate for both purposes. Variation has usually been compared as narrow sense heritabilities, but this is almost always an inappropriate comparative measure of evolvability and variability. Coefficients of variation were calculated from 842 estimates of trait means, variances and heritabilities in the literature. Traits closely related to fitness have higher additive genetic and nongenetic variability by the coefficient of variation criterion than characters under weak selection. This is the reverse of the accepted conclusion based on comparisons of heritability. The low heritability of fitness components is best explained by their high residual variation. The high additive genetic and residual variability of fitness traits might be explained by the great number of genetic and environmental events they are affected by, or by a lack of stabilizing selection to reduce their phenotypic variance. Over one-third of the quantitative genetics papers reviewed did not report trait means or variances. Researchers should always report these statistics, so that measures of variation appropriate to a variety of situations may be calculated.

scholarly journals Genetic Variation in the Microfibril Angle of Loblolly Pine From Two Test Sites

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 196-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer H. Myszewski ◽  
Floyd E. Bridgwater ◽  
William J. Lowe ◽  
Thomas D. Byram ◽  
Robert A. Megraw
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Microfibril Angle ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Individual Tree

Abstract In recent years, several studies have examined the effect of microfibril angle (MFA) on wood quality. However, little research has been conducted upon the genetic mechanisms controlling MFA. In this study, we examined the heritability of MFA in loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L.,and its genetic relationships with height, diameter, volume, and specific gravity. Increment cores were collected at breast height from 20 to 25 progeny from each of 12 to 17 crosses (among 11 parents) in two modified partial-diallels in different locations in southern Arkansas. Specific gravitywas measured on segments containing rings 1 through 5 and on segments containing rings 6 through 20. MFA was measured on the earlywood and latewood sections of rings 4, 5, 19, and 20. Rings 4 and 5 were chosen as representative of core wood and rings 19 and 20 as representative of outer wood. Analyses of variance revealed statistically significant genetic and environmental influences on MFA. Significant general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA), and SCA × block effects indicated that there are both additive and nonadditive genetic influences on MFA. Individual-tree, narrow-sense heritability estimates were variable, ranging from 0.17 for earlywood (ring) 4 MFA to 0.51 for earlywood (ring) 20 MFA. Genetic correlations between MFA, specific gravity, and the growth traits were nonsignificant due to large estimated standard errors. South.J. Appl. For. 28(4):196–204.

scholarly journals Parameter genetik kultivar-kultivar jagung local pada cekaman salinitas sedang

Jurnal Agro ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-67
Author(s):  
Sakka Bin Samudin ◽  
Jeki Moh. Adnan Khalik ◽  
Ruli Akbar ◽  
Muliati Muliati ◽  
Mustakin Mustakin
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Green House ◽  
Moderate Salinity ◽  
Genetic Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Genetic Coefficient

Produktivitas jagung di Sulawesi Tengah masih relatif rendah dibanding produksi nasional sehingga perlu ditingkatkan melalui pemuliaan tanaman. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengkaji parameter genetik tanaman jagung pada cekaman salinitas sedang.  Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Juni sampai Agustus 2019, di Green House Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Tadulako, Palu. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) terdiri atas 6 perlakuan genotip dan diulang 3 kali serta 5 unit tanaman per perlakuan sehingga terdapat 90 unit percobaan. Parameter genetik yang di analisis adalah koefisiean keragaman genotipik, koefisien keragaman fenotipik, heritabilitas, kemajuan genetik, korelasi, dan analisis sidik lintas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kehijauan daun, bobot tongkol berkelobot, berat tongkol tidak berkelobot, dan berat biji pertongkol memiliki koefisien keragaman genetik tinggi. Kehijauan daun, berat tongkol berkelobot, bobot tongkol tidak berkelobot, panjang tongkol tidak berkelobot, diamater tongkol, berat biji per tongkol dan bobot 100 biji memiliki nilai heritabilitas dan kemajuan genetik tinggi. Seleksi secara tidak langsung dapat dilakukan pada umur panen agar diperoleh hasil jagung lokal yang tinggi pada kondisi tercekam salinitas sedang. Karakter-karakter tersebut dapat dijadikan acuan dalam menyeleksi tanaman jagung dengan cekaman salinitas sedang untuk program pemuliaan jagung.AbstractThe productivity of maize in Central Sulawesi is relatively low compared to national production and needs to be improved by plant breeding. The study aimed to examine the genetic parameters of the maize plant traits at moderate salinity stress. The research was conducted from June to August 2019, at the Green House of the Faculty of Agriculture, Tadulako University, Palu. The genetic parameters analyzed were genetic coefficient of variation, phenotypic coefficient of variation, heritability, genetic advance, correlation, and path analysis. The experimental design used a completely randomized design consisting of six genotypic treatments and repeated three times. The results showed that the leaves greenness, the weight of the cob with and without husk, and weight of seeds per cob had a high genetic coefficient of variation. Leaf greenness, the weight of the ear with and without husk, ear length without husk, ear diameter, seed weight per ear and yield have a high value of heritability and genetic advance. Indirect selection can be applied through harvest time trait to obtain a high local maize yield in moderate salinity stress condition. These traits can be used as a reference in selecting maize plants with moderate salinity stress for maize breeding programs.

scholarly journals Inheritance Pattern of Growth and Wood Traits in Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.).

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 97-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Narayanan ◽  
P. H. Chawhaan ◽  
A. K. Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Inheritance Pattern ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Single Tree ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Wood Traits ◽  
Heartwood Percentage

Abstract Inheritance pattern of wood traits, especially heartwood/ sapwood percentage and specific gravity and interactions of wood traits with other growth traits were investigated in a 27-year-old half-sib progeny trial of teak. Wood traits showed highly significant variation for specific gravity, heartwood and sapwood percentage at family level. There was non-significant family vs. replication variation for these traits. Among the growth traits, there was significant variation for height and girth. Families and individual trees showed varying levels of heritability. Among the growth traits, height showed high heritability (individual tree heritability, h2 (i) = 34.3%; family heritability, h2 (f ) = 34.1%) followed by girth (h2 (i) = 19.4%; h2 (f ) = 31.4%). Among the wood traits, maximum heritability values were obtained for sapwood percentage (h2 (i) = 76.6%; h2 (f ) = 70.7%) and heartwood percentage (h2 (i) = 76.9%; h2 (f ) = 69.7%). Specific gravity exhibited heritability values of 29.1 and 41.8%, at individual tree and family level, respectively. Family heritability was higher than single-tree heritability for specific gravity; single-tree heritability exceeded family heritability for heartwood percentage. Specific gravity exhibited significant positive genotypic correlation with heartwood percentage suggesting that improvement in heartwood percentage would lead to a correlated improvement in specific gravity. Heartwood percentage showed significant positive correlation with growth traits viz., height and girth. Some of the families showed good GCA for growth and wood traits investigated. The good general combiners identified in the present study can be used for establishment of advanced generation seed orchards and breeding arboreta for improvement of teak for specific or combination of above traits.

scholarly journals Phenology of Flowering and Pod Maturity on Some Cocoa Clones (Theobroma cacao L)

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
Indah Anita Sari ◽  
Agung Wahyu Susilo
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Opening ◽  
Genetic Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Genetic Coefficient ◽  
Pod Length ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

Phenology  of  flowering  is  an  important  aspect  in  the  growth  cycle  of cocoa (Theobroma  cacao L.) because the  performance of  plant  especially  flowering is  linked with  anthesis time, time and  duration  of  stigma  receptivity, fruit formation, crossing,  and  seed  development  which  determine  the  plant  breeding  programs . Research was conducted at the Kaliwining experimental station of Indonesian Coffee and  Cocoa  Research Institute  (ICCRI).  The  cocoa  plant  was  originated  from  top grafting seedling  with the age  of eight  years.  Design  of  experiment  was  randomized complete  block  design  consisted  of  eight  clones  as  treatment  with  three  replications.  Each  plot  consisted  of  20  sample  flowers.  The  parameters  observed  were phenology  of  flowering  and  pod  maturity.  Phenology  of  flowering  observed  were age  of  flowering,  number  of  opened  flower  buds,  number  of  flower  buds  that dropped  before  being  opened,  number  of  flower  buds  that  dropped  after  being opened,  and  number  of  opening  flowers  that  developed  into  tiny  fruits.  Observation  on  pod  and  been  quality  was  done  on  pod  size,  pod  weight,  pod  length, pod  girth,  and  bean  number.  The  result  of  experiment  showed  that  difference  in phenologyof  flowering and age of pod maturity  existed within eight cocoa clones tested.  KKM  22  showed  the  shortest  flowering  age  and  pod  maturity,  and  lowest number  of  beans.  The  highest  success  of  pollination  was  observed  on  Sca  6  and KW 617. ICCRI 03, Sulawesi 03, ICCRI 07, KKM 22 and KW 617 showed relative low success of  pollination,  that  iswas between 10  to 17.6%.  Age  of  flower  opening did  not  significantly  influence  age  of  pod maturity,  on  the  other  hand  it  did  not negatively  influence  percentage  of  flower  opening  and  percentage  of  pollinated flowers. The characteristic of flowering age had high genetic coefficient of variation as  well  as  high  estimated  value  of  heritability.  Percentage  number  of  flower buds  that  dropped  before  open  showed  high  genotypic  and  phenotypic  coefficient  of  variation,  however  the  estimated  heritability  was  grouped  in  low  category. The  characteristic  of  pod maturity   age,  percentage  of  flower  opening  and  bean number  in  each  pod had  low  values  of  genotypic  and  phenotypic  coefficient  of variation,and  low  heritability.

scholarly journals Estimation of genetic parameters in some exotic genotypes of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in rabi season

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Thaware ◽  
S. S. Karande ◽  
B. D. Waghmode ◽  
J. S. Dhekale
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Genetic Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Genetic Coefficient

Fifty three genotypes collected from IRRI, Philipines and one variety from research station were grown in randomized block design with three replications under three environments during rabi (dry) season 2013-14. Significant mean squares for genotypes indicated the presence of variability for all the characters under study. The phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher than the genetic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the characters studied. Small differences between GCV and PCV were recorded for most of the characters studied which indicated less influence of environment. The high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean was observed for the characters viz., grains per panicle, straw yield per plant, grain yield per plant and 1000 grain weight indicate that most likely the heritability is due to additive gene effects and selection may be effective.

Breeding for improved growth and juvenile corewood stiffness in slash pine

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 1886-1893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobo Li ◽  
Dudley A. Huber ◽  
Gregory L. Powell ◽  
Timothy L. White ◽  
Gary F. Peter
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Tree Improvement ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Improvement Programs

The importance of integrating measures of juvenile corewood mechanical properties, modulus of elasticity in particular, with growth and disease resistance in tree improvement programs has increased. We investigated the utility of in-tree velocity stiffness measurements to estimate the genetic control of corewood stiffness and to select for trees with superior growth and stiffness in a progeny trial of 139 families of slash pine, Pinus elliottii Engelm. grown on six sites. Narrow-sense heritability estimates across all six sites for in-tree acoustic velocity stiffness at 8 years (0.42) were higher than observed for height (0.36) and diameter at breast height (DBH) (0.28) at 5 years. The overall type B genetic correlation across sites for velocity stiffness was 0.68, comparable to those found for DBH and volume growth, indicating that family rankings were moderately repeatable across all sites for these traits. No significant genetic correlations were observed between velocity stiffness, DBH, and volume growth. In contrast, a significant, but small, favorable genetic correlation was found between height and velocity stiffness. Twenty percent of the families had positive breeding values for both velocity stiffness and growth. The low cost, high heritability and nearly independent segregation of the genes involved with in-tree velocity stiffness and growth traits indicate that acoustic methods can be integrated into tree improvement programs to breed for improved corewood stiffness along with growth in slash pine.

scholarly journals Estimation of Genetic and Phenotypic Parameters for Growth Traits in a Clonal Seed Orchard of Pinus kesiya in Malawi

ISRN Forestry ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Missanjo ◽  
Gift Kamanga-Thole ◽  
Vidah Manda
Keyword(s):  
Growth Traits ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Tree Model ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard ◽  
Pinus Kesiya ◽  
Individual Tree Model ◽  
The Individual

Genetic and phenotypic parameters for height, diameter at breast height (dbh), and volume were estimated for Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon clonal seed orchard in Malawi using an ASReml program, fitting an individual tree model. The data were from 88 clones assessed at 18, 23, 30, 35, and 40 years of age. Heritability estimates for height, dbh, and volume were moderate to high ranging from 0.19 to 0.54, from 0.14 to 0.53, and from 0.20 to 0.59, respectively, suggesting a strong genetic control of the traits at the individual level, among families, and within families. The genetic and phenotypic correlations between the growth traits were significantly high and ranged from 0.69 to 0.97 and from 0.60 to 0.95, respectively. This suggests the possibility of indirect selection in trait with direct selection in another trait. The predicted genetic gains showed that the optimal rotational age of the Pinus kesiya clonal seed orchard is 30 years; therefore, it is recommended to establish a new Pinus kesiya clonal seed orchard. However, selective harvest of clones with high breeding values in the old seed orchard should be considered so that the best parents in the old orchard can continue to contribute until the new orchard is well established.

High Heritability of Glycyrrhizic Acid, Glabridin, Liquiritin and Liquiritigenin in Licorice (Glycyrrhiza Glabra L.) Populations of Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghasem Eghlima ◽  
Mohsen Sanikhani ◽  
Azizollah Kheiry ◽  
Javad Hadian
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Glycyrrhizic Acid ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Glycyrrhiza Glabra ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Broad Sense Heritability ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Perennial Plant

Abstract Glycyrrhiza glabra L. is an herbaceous, perennial plant with high distribution in Iran. Genetic variability, heritability and correlation among characters in 22 populations of G. glabra L. were studied. The genetic parameters among the traits including phenotypic variances, genotypic variances, genotype by environment variances, broad-sense heritability and genotypic and phenotypic correlation coefficients were studied. Variance components analysis showed that the extent of phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was fairly higher for all the examined traits compared with genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV). Glabridin (GLA) exhibited high GCV and PCV (156.07% and 156.68%, respectively). The broad sense heritability varied from 38.92–99.79% and narrow sense heritability ranged from 9.70 % to 24.94%. Heritability of GLA, glycyrrhizic acid (GLY), liquiritin (LI), liquiritigenin (LIQ), rutin (RU) and rosmarinic acid (RA) were very high, exhibiting more than 97% heritability. Therefore, these critical characteristics can efficiently be selected and inherited in breeding programs. In most traits, the genotypic correlations showed the same direction as the phenotypic correlations. The contents of GLA and LIQ showed a positive correlation with majority of morphological traits. Therefore, selecting individual plants having desired morphological traits can be correlated with high contents of bioactive compounds in the harvested root.

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