Somatic embryogenesis from immature and mature zygotic embryos and from cotyledons and needles of somatic plantlets of Larix

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Lelu ◽  
K. Klimaszewska ◽  
P.J. Charest
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Mature Tree ◽  
Immature Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Specific Combination ◽  
Induction Frequency ◽  
Initiation Frequency ◽  
First Time

Induction of embryonal masses was achieved from full-sib immature zygotic embryos of Larixdecidua Mill., Larix × eurolepis A. Henry, and Larix × leptoeuropaea, and it was found to be affected by the developmental stage of the embryos. Furthermore, the expiant response depended on a specific combination of parental trees used for production of seeds. For the first time, induction was successful in L. decidua with mature zygotic embryos. These embryos were isolated from one of the three seedlots tested and induction frequency was 5%. Mature somatic embryos of L. × leptoeuropaea expressed an initiation frequency of 83%. Cotyledons and needles of plantlets derived from somatic embryos of L. × leptoeuropaea were used as expiants to induce somatic embryogenesis at a frequency of 8 and 3%, respectively. A cytokinin pretreatment seemed to enhance the frequency of induction. Mature somatic embryos were obtained from embryonal masses derived from expiants of different ontogenic age. Future opportunities of research into the induction of embryonal masses from mature tree tissues are discussed.

scholarly journals Induction of somatic embryogenesis in Pinus heldreichii culture

2007 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragana Stojicic ◽  
Branka Uzelac ◽  
Dusica Janosevic ◽  
Ljubinka Culafic ◽  
Snezana Budimir
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Zygotic Embryo ◽  
Embryogenic Tissue ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Immature Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Induction Frequency ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Further Development

The potential for somatic embryogenesis in zygotic embryo and megagametophyte cultures of Pinus heldreichii was examined. Somatic embryogenesis was initiated from megagametophytes containing immature zygotic embryos at early stages of development. An induction frequency of up to 6.7% was obtained on Gresshoff and Doy medium in the presence of 2 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 0.5 mg/l benzyladenine (BA). Formation and further proliferation of embryogenic tissue were achieved upon transfer of explants to a medium with reduced levels of growth regulators. Somatic embryos are being cultured for further development. .

scholarly journals Blue sky’s the limit? Somatic embryogenesis as a means of propagating recalcitrant blue spruce (Picea pungens) cultivar Hoopsii

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan Demone ◽  
Jingqin Mao ◽  
Shen Wan ◽  
Maryam Nourimand ◽  
Äsbjörn Erik Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Embryo Abortion ◽  
Blue Spruce ◽  
Picea Pungens ◽  
Initiation Frequency ◽  
Propagation Methods

AbstractThe ‘triple-blue’ cultivar of blue spruce (Picea pungens Hoopsii) is notably recalcitrant towards the realm of traditional vegetative propagation methods. Its ability to naturally proliferate is limited by ovule and embryo abortion during the growing season, leading to low viable seed yield. In this study, we established a protocol using somatic embryogenesis (SE) as a means of propagating this popular ornamental cultivar. We collected cones from Hoopsii trees at seven different timepoints throughout the growing season (mid-June to late July in Ottawa (Plant Hardiness Zone 5A)). Female megagametophytes were harvested following each collection and immature zygotic embryos were plated onto induction media. Early somatic embryos began developing from the embryonic tissue (ET) three to five weeks following induction. The highest ET initiation frequency occurred from embryos collected June 20–July 10, suggesting that developmental stage of the embryo was a significant factor in SE induction. The conversion of mature somatic embryos into plantlets (emblings) was completed in eight–ten weeks at a rate of 92.8%. In this study, we demonstrate that in vitro somatic embryogenesis using our optimized protocol is a fast and prolific method for the mass propagation of Hoopsii blue spruce. This is the first report on the production of somatic Hoopsii emblings.

scholarly journals Somatic embryogenesis from immature cotyledons of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.): ontogeny of somatic embryos

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla Galvão Bezerra dos Santos ◽  
Jorge Ernesto de Araújo Mariath ◽  
Maria Cecília C. Moço ◽  
Maria Helena Bodanese-Zanettini
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Immature Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Immature Cotyledons ◽  
Glycine Max L

Soybean somatic embryos obtained from immature zygotic embryos were histologically analyzed in order to determine possible ontogenetic routes followed by these embryos. The proembryo stage and globular, heart-shaped, torpedo and cotyledonary embryo stages were found, closely resembling the ontogeny of zygotic embryos. However, the absence of a characteristic suspensor as well as the delay in the establishment of inner organization were the main differences between these two embryogenic processes.

Plant Regeneration in Sorbus. pohuashanenesis Hedl by Somatic Embryogenesis

2011 ◽  
Vol 183-185 ◽  
pp. 1462-1466
Author(s):  
Ling Yang ◽  
Yu Hua Li ◽  
Hai Long Shen
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Immature Zygotic Embryos

Somatic embryogenesis was obtained by using immature zygotic embryos of S. pohuashanesis as explants and emblings were obtained. For induction of somatic embryos, immature zygotic embryos which 30 days old after pollination were cultured on solid MS medium with 1.0 mg•L-1 NAA, 0.1 mg•L-1 6-BA, 500 mg•L-1casein hydrolysate (CH) and 40 g•L-1 sucrose . Inducted somatic embryos were cultured in solid MS medium containing 500 mg•L-1CH and 40 g•L-1 sucrose. After 30 days of culture, many normal cotyledonary embryos were produced. Plantlets were regenerated when somatic embryos were transferred to MS medium with 30 g•L-1 sucrose. The somatic embryos germinated at a germination frequency of approximately 80%, but rate of the plantlets that successfully acclimated and continued growing was 40% in the greenhouse.

scholarly journals Single-Base Resolution Methylomes of Somatic Embryogenesis in Theobroma Cacao L. Reveal Epigenome Modifications Associated With Somatic Embryo Abnormalities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Garcia ◽  
Alex-Alan Furtado de Almeida ◽  
Marcio Costa ◽  
Dahyana Britto ◽  
Fabio Correa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryo ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Differentially Methylated Genes ◽  
Genome Bisulfite Sequencing ◽  
First Time

Abstract Propagation by somatic embryogenesis in Theobroma cacao has some issues to be solved, as many morphologically abnormal somatic embryos that do not germinate into plants are frequently observed, thus hampering plant production on a commercial scale. For the first time the methylome landscape of T. cacao somatic embryogenesis was examined, using whole-genome bisulfite sequencing technique, with the aim to understand the epigenetic basis of somatic embryo abnormalities. We identified 873 differentially methylated genes (DMGs) in the CpG context between zygotic embryos, normal and abnormal somatic embryos, with important roles in development, programmed cell death, oxidative stress, and hypoxia induction, which can help to explain the morphological abnormalities of somatic embryos. We also identified the role of ethylene and its precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate in several biological processes, such as hypoxia induction, cell differentiation and cell polarity, that could be associated to the development of abnormal somatic embryos. The biological processes and the hypothesis of ethylene and its precursor involvement in the somatic embryo abnormalities in cacao are discussed.

scholarly journals Physiological and Structural Aspects of In Vitro Somatic Embryogenesis in Abies alba Mill

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1210
Author(s):  
Terezia Salaj ◽  
Katarina Klubicová ◽  
Bart Panis ◽  
Rony Swennen ◽  
Jan Salaj
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Embryogenic Tissue ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Peg 4000 ◽  
Initiation Frequency ◽  
Embryogenic Tissues

Initiation of somatic embryogenesis from immature zygotic embryos, long-term maintenance of embryogenic tissue in vitro or by cryopreservation, as well as maturation, of somatic embryos of Abies alba Mill. are reported in this study. For the initiation of embryogenic tissues, a DCR medium containing different types of cytokinins (1 mg.L−1) were tested. During three consecutive years, 61 cell lines were initiated out of 1308 explants, with initiation frequencies ranging between 0.83 and 13.33%. The type of cytokinin had no profound effect on the initiation frequency within one given year. Microscopic observations revealed presence of bipolar somatic embryos in all initiated embryogenic tissues. Besides the typical bipolar somatic embryos, huge polyembryonal complexes, as well as “twin” embryos, were observed. Maturation of somatic embryos occurred on a DCR medium supplemented by abscisic acid (10 mg.L−1), polyethylene glycol (PEG-4000, 7.5%) and 3% maltose. The maturation capacity was cell-line dependent. All of the four tested cell lines produced cotyledonary somatic embryos, though at different quantities, of 16 to 252 per g of fresh weight. After germination, seedlings developed, but their further growth soon stopped after the formation of a resting bud. Altogether, seven cell lines were cryopreserved, using the slow-freezing technique. After rewarming, all tested cell lines showed regrowth rates between 81.8 and 100%.

scholarly journals In vitro germination and embryogenic competence acquisition of Euterpe edulis Martius immature zygotic embryos

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleber Witt Saldanha ◽  
Maisa Pimentel Martins-Corder
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
In Vitro Germination ◽  
Embryogenic Competence ◽  
Immature Zygotic Embryos

This study evaluated different aspects of in vitro germination and embryogenic competence of immature zygotic embryos of E. edulis. The embryos germinated on full or half-strength MS (MS or MS/2) medium combined with sucrose (20, 30 and 40 g L-1). The effect of calcium chloride concentrations (0, 2, 4, 8, and 12 mM) on the induction of somatic embryogenesis was tested. The embryos were germinated on MS or MS/2. Germination of zygotic embryos and the number of roots per plantlet were not affected by the culture medium and sucrose concentration. Plantlet height and fresh weight were influenced by both; the difference was greatest in MS medium with 40 g L-1 sucrose. The induction of somatic embryogenesis was not influenced by doses of calcium chloride, whereas the number of somatic embryos formed was affected. The germination capacity of somatic embryos of heart-of-palm tree was not influenced by the media tested.

scholarly journals Anatomical Study of Somatic Embryogenesis in Glycine max (L.) Merrill

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Aparecida Fernando ◽  
Maria Lúcia Carneiro Vieira ◽  
Isaías Olívio Geraldi ◽  
Beatriz Appezzato-da-Glória
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Immature Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Meristematic Cells ◽  
Anatomical Analysis ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Cotyledonary Explant

A comparative anatomical analysis of somatic embryogenesis in two soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) genotypes was carried out. The somatic embryos were originated from cotyledonary explants obtained from immature zygotic embryos. The medium used for somatic embryogenesis induction was Murashige and Skoog, 1962, salts and Gamborg et al., 1968, vitamins (MSB) supplemented with 0.8 mg.L-1 of 2,4-D for genotype PI 123439 and 40 mg.L-1 of 2,4-D for ‘Williams 82’. Globular structures, constituted by meristematic cells, originated from subepidermal cell divisions of the cotyledonary mesophyll. In PI 123439, the globular structures presented tracheary differentiation among meristematic cells and they could follow distinct morphogenetic process depending on their location along the explant. For ‘Williams 82’ it was observed globular structures along the cotyledonary explant surface. They gave rise to somatic embryos. These embryos showed different morphologies and they were classified based on their shape and number of cotyledons. The ability of these morphological types to convert to plantlets was discussed.

Somatic Embryogenesis and In vitro Plant Regeneration in Vigna trilobata (L.) Verd. - A Potential Pasture Legume

1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-99
Author(s):  
K. Choudhary ◽  
M. Singh ◽  
M. S. Rathore ◽  
N. S. Shekhawat
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Continuous Application ◽  
First Time ◽  
Pasture Legume

This long term study demonstrates for the first time that it is possible to propagate embryogenic Vigna trilobata and to subsequently initiate the differentiation of embryos into complete plantlets. Initiation of callus was possible on 2,4-D. Somatic embryos differentiated on modified MS basal nutrient medium with 1.0 mg/l  of 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/l  of Kn. Sustained cell division resulted in globular and heart shape stages of somatic embryos. Transfer of embryos on to a fresh modified MS basal medium with 0.5 mg/l of Kn and 0.5 mg/l of GA3 helped them to attain maturation and germination. However, the propagation of cells, as well as the differentiation of embryos, were inhibited by a continuous application of these growth regulators. For this reason, a long period on medium lacking these growth regulators was necessary before the differentiation of embryos occurred again. The consequences for improving the propagation of embryogenic cultures in Vigna species are discussed. Key words: Pasture  legume, Vigna trilobata, Globular, Heart shape, somatic embryogenesis D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v19i1.4990 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 19(1): 89-99, 2009 (June)

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