Width of sugar maple (Acersaccharum) tree rings as affected by climate

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 2370-2375 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J. Lane ◽  
D.D. Reed ◽  
G.D. Mroz ◽  
H.O. Liechty
Keyword(s):  
Tree Rings ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Annual Ring ◽  
Acidic Deposition ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Cook County ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Regression Techniques ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Deposition Gradient

The effects of climate on the growth of sugar maple (Acersaccharum Marsh.) were studied at five sites along an 800-km acidic deposition gradient from Cook County, Minnesota, to Oceana County, Michigan. Fifty increment cores were taken from 25 dominant and codominant individuals at each site in the spring of 1990. Annual ring widths (1940–1989) were measured to 0.01 mm, standardized by taking the first logarithmic differences, and averaged into chronologies using the biweight mean. The five resulting chronologies were then related to climate using least squares regression techniques. The analyses indicate that temperature is associated with sugar maple growth to a greater degree than precipitation, though there were differences in the relationships among the five study sites. Growth was also found to be significantly affected by prior growing season conditions. No evidence of an overall decline or increase in sugar maple growth rates was observed over the 50-year study period.

Temporal and spatial variation of oak growth–climate relationships along a pollution gradient in the midwestern United States

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 772-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. LeBlanc
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Response ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Acidic Deposition ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Ohio River ◽  
River Region ◽  
Daily Weather Data ◽  
Deposition Gradient ◽  
Response Variables

The Kalman filter procedure was used to evaluate temporal variation in associations between physiologically based climate indices and radial growth of black oak (Quercusvelutina Lam.) and white oak (Quercusalba L.) at seven similar sites along the Ohio River corridor acidic-deposition gradient. Physiological response variables were derived by a model that used daily weather data to estimate effects of climate on growing season net photosynthesis and woody respiration. Correlations between oak radial growth indices and physiological response variables deteriorated over the period of record (1900–1987) at all seven study sites; there was no spatial association between the deterioration and the acidic-deposition gradient. This deterioration of growth–climate correlations was temporally associated with decreased growing season temperature at all seven sites; no consistent temporal trend was found for growing season precipitation. The effects of decreasing temperature on modeled physiological response variables included increased net photosynthesis and decreased woody respiration. These results suggest that recent assessments of relationships between acidic deposition and forest condition in the Ohio River region have been done during a time period of relaxed climatic stress and may have underestimated pollution–climate stress interactions.

scholarly journals Response of Acer saccharum seedlings to elevated O3 and CO2 concentrations

2005 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-17
Author(s):  
Catherine Gaucher ◽  
Pierre Dizengremel ◽  
Yves Mauffette ◽  
Normand Chevrier
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
High Light ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Competitive Growth ◽  
Elevated O3 ◽  
Fertilizing Effect

The effects of three times ambient [O3] (3x) and high [CO2] (650 µL L-1 CO2) alone and in combination were studied on 2-yr-old sugar maple (Acer saccharum) seedlings for 86 days in open top chambers. Sugar maple net CO2 assimilation rate and growth were not decreased by the O3 treatment after one growing season, and the epicuticular wax was not damaged compared with the control. The absence of response to the O3 treatment is attributable to the low stomatal conductance of this species resulting in a low O3 uptake, together with the succession of periods of high and low [O3], which allowed the seedlings to alleviate the oxidative stress. At the end of August, under high [CO2], the growth of the seedlings and net CO2 assimilation to stomatal conductance to CO2 ratio in the second flush of leaves had doubled. Under the environmental growth conditions of the chambers (high light, nutrients and water availabilities), the seedlings may benefit from the availability of CO2. Sugar maple seedlings may have a competitive growth advantage under elevated CO2 conditions and three times ambient [O3] did not decreased the fertilizing effect of CO2.

Continuous measurements of radial variation in Eucalyptus pauciflora Sieb. ex Spreng

1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
JW Green
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Radial Variation ◽  
Continuous Data ◽  
Seasonal Growth ◽  
Total Period ◽  
Regression Techniques ◽  
Diurnal Fluctuations ◽  
General Explanation

Improvised dendrographs of the Fritts type were used to make continuous chart records of radial variation in trees of Eucalyptus pauciflora at two altitudinal sites where, in addition, concurrent observations were made of some environmental variables. The total period of observation was 186 days, which was presumed to cover the main growing season. Continuous data were digitized by means of a stripchart converter and the converted data used to replot curves and to extract daily values of variables. Broadly sigmoid seasonal growth curves were found to be modified by a period of reduced growth in the hottest part of summer, by irregular fluctuations apparently related to precipitation, and by regular diurnal fluctuations. Unreversed increases in radius immediately following some falls of rain suggested that rapid cell growth occurred at times of high tissue hydration. An attempt to find a general explanation of daily radial variation in terms of certain environmental variables by means of multiple regression techniques was not successful. The results reflected to some extent the effects of precipitation referred to above, but the order of importance of significant variables was inconsistent between trees and between altitudes.

scholarly journals Nutrient Prediction for Tef (Eragrostis tef) Plant and Grain with Hyperspectral Data and Partial Least Squares Regression: Replicating Methods and Results across Environments

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 2867 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Colton Flynn ◽  
Amy E. Frazier ◽  
Sintayehu Admas
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Partial Least Squares ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Hyperspectral Data ◽  
Eragrostis Tef ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
Scientific Results ◽  
Study Sites

Achieving reproducibility and replication (R&R) of scientific results is tantamount for science to progress, and it is also necessary for ensuring the self-correcting mechanism of the scientific method. Topics of R&R have sailed to the forefront of research agenda in many fields recently but have received less attention in remote sensing in general and specifically for studies utilizing hyperspectral data. Given the extremely local environments in which many hyperspectral studies are conducted (e.g., agricultural field plots), purposeful attention to the repeatability of findings across study locales can help ensure methods are generalizable. This study undertakes an investigation of the nutrient content of tef (Eragrostis tef), an understudied plant that is growing in importance due to both food and forage benefits, but does so within the context of the replicability of methods and findings across two study sites situated in different international and environmental contexts. The aims are to (1) determine whether calcium, magnesium, and protein of both the plant and grain can be predicted using hyperspectral data with partial least squares (PLS) regression with waveband selection, and (2) compare the replicability of models across differing environments. Results suggest the method can produce high nutrient prediction accuracy for both the plant and grain in individual environments, but selection of wavebands for nutrient prediction was not comparable across study areas. The findings suggest that the method must be calibrated in each location, thereby reducing the potential to extrapolate methods to different areas. Our findings highlight the need for greater attention to methods and results replication in remote sensing, specifically hyperspectral analyses, in order for scientific findings to be repeatable beyond the plot level.

scholarly journals A 241-Year Cryptomeria fortune Tree-Ring Chronology in Humid Subtropical China and Its Linkages with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 247
Author(s):  
Zhipeng Dong ◽  
Dai Chen ◽  
Jianhua Du ◽  
Guang Yang ◽  
Maowei Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Pacific Decadal Oscillation ◽  
Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Subtropical China ◽  
Tree Ring Chronology ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The World ◽  
Asian Summer

Humid subtropical China is an “oasis” relative to other dry subtropics of the world due to the prevailing of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM). Although many long climate sensitive tree-rings have been published to understand the historical climate change over various regions in China, long tree-ring chronologies in humid subtropical China are rare due to the difficulty to find old growth trees. This study established a tree-ring chronology spanning from 1776 to 2016 from Cryptomeria fortunei Hooibrenk ex Otto et Dietr in Liancheng area of humid subtropical China, which is also currently the longest chronology in Fujian province. Similar to the climate-growth relationships in neighboring regions, our tree-ring chronology is limited by cold temperature in winter and spring and drought in summer. In addition, a drought stress before the growing season also played a role in limiting the growth of our tree rings. Our climate sensitive tree rings showed different correlations with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) in different periods, possibly via modulation of the EASM.

scholarly journals Pointer years in the growth of beech trees of the NP "Djerdap" area

2014 ◽  
pp. 175-188
Author(s):  
Branko Stajic
Keyword(s):  
Tree Rings ◽  
Annual Ring ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Annual Ring Width ◽  
Pointer Years ◽  
The Common ◽  
Pronounced Reduction

This paper defines pointer years and years with distinctive tree rings in the growth of beech in 3 sites (ecological units-EU) of the area of Djerdap, in order to observe the reactions of trees to the effects of various factors of growth. The pointer years were determined by the Schweingruber (1983) methodology. The years with distintive tree rings were defined as the years of beech growth with very pronounced distinctive growth rings (annual ring width at least ? 2 standard deviations higher or lower than the arithmetic mean) and pronounced typical growth rings (annual ring width at least ? 1.5 standard deviation higher or lower than the arithmetic mean). The common pointer years for the growth of beech in the site conditions of all three ecological units are 1977 and 1988 (negative pointer years). A particular pointer year is 1988, when in more than 90% of trees under the analyzed environmental conditions the marked reduction of tree rings width of the trees (EUB) or very pronounced reduction in the width of tree rings (EUA and ESV) were observed.

scholarly journals Regional Radiocarbon Effect Due to Thawing of Frozen Earth

Radiocarbon ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 597-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Damon ◽  
George Burr ◽  
A. N. Peristykh ◽  
G. C. Jacoby ◽  
R. D. D'Arrigo
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Enso Event ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Correlation Index ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Strong Enso ◽  
Short Growing Season

Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) measurement of 25 single-year tree rings from AD 1861–1885 at ca. ±3.5‰ precision shows no evidence of an anomalous 11-yr cycle of 14C near the Arctic Circle in the Mackenzie River area. However, the Δ14C measurements are lower on average by 2.7 ± 0.9 (ō)‰ relative to 14C measurements on tree rings from the Pacific Northwest (Stuiver and Braziunas 1993). We attribute this depression of Δ14C to thawing of the ice and snow cover followed by melting of frozen earth that releases trapped 14C-depleted CO2 to the atmosphere during the short growing season from May through August. Correlation of Δ14C with May–August estimated temperatures yields a correlation index of r = 0.60. The reduction in Δ14C is dominated by seven years of anomalous depletion. These years are 1861, 1867–1869, 1879–1880 and 1883. The years 1867–1869 are coincident with a very strong ENSO event.

scholarly journals The Impact of Adverse Weather and Climate on the Width of European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) Tree Rings in Southeastern Europe

Atmosphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Stjepanović ◽  
Bratislav Matović ◽  
Dejan Stojanović ◽  
Branislava Lalić ◽  
Tom Levanič ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Beech Forests ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L ◽  
The Impact

European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is the most important deciduous tree species in Europe. According to different climate scenarios, there is a relatively high probability of a massive decline in and loss of beech forests in southern Europe and in the southern part of central Europe. Thus, the authors of this study explored the dynamics of tree diameter increments and the influence of extremely dry years on the width of tree rings. This study used dendroecological methods to analyze the growth and diameter increments of European beech trees at locations in Serbia and the Republic of Srpska. The sampling was conducted along the vertical distribution of beech forests, at five sites at the lower limit of the distribution, at five optimal sites of the distribution, and at five sites at the upper limit of the distribution. Long-term analyses indicate that dry conditions during a growing season can reduce tree-ring width, but a reduction in tree growth can be expected as a result of more than one season of unfavorable conditions. Low temperatures in autumn and winter and prolonged winters can strongly affect upcoming vegetation and reduce tree development even under normal thermal conditions during a growing season.

scholarly journals Effects of Scarification Disturbance on the Seedling and Midstory Layer in a Successional Mixed-Oak Forest

2003 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Lhotka ◽  
James J. Zaczek
Keyword(s):  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Quercus Alba ◽  
Seedling Density ◽  
White Oak ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Southern Illinois ◽  
Soil Scarification ◽  
Oak Seedlings

Abstract This study investigated whether soil scarification during the presence of abundant white oak (Quercus alba L.) acorns and other mast could be used to increase the density of oak reproduction and reduce competitive midstory species in a mid-successional mixed-oak upland forest. The study was conducted in a 7.3 ha forest with a mature oak overstory and a well-developed midstory of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and pawpaw (Asmina triloba Dunal.) in southern Illinois. The soil scarification was conducted in the autumn after acorn dissemination using a crawler tractor with a six-tooth brush rake. One growing season after treatment, significantly higher numbers of oak seedlings, primarily white oak, were present in the scarified plots (5,164 ha-1) compared to the control plots (1,273 ha-1). Seedling density of all other species classes did not differ between treatments. Scarification affected 61% of midstory trees and thus reduced their density and competitive position. Of these trees, 21% of stems were completely removed by the scarification treatment. Results suggest that, in the presence of abundant acorns, scarification may increase the number of new oak germinants in stands lacking advanced oak reproduction. Finally, because scarification increased the density of oak seedlings and reduced competing midstory trees, it can play a role in promoting the establishment of advanced oak reproduction. North. J. Appl. For. 20(2):85–91.

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