Genetic parameter estimates for wood density, transition age, and radial growth in slash pine

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1881-1891 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.R. Hodge ◽  
R.C. Purnell
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Juvenile Wood ◽  
Genetic Parameter ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Mature Wood ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Density Profiles ◽  
Transition Age ◽  
Latewood Density ◽  
Selection Of

Genetic parameters for wood density and wood density components of slash pine (Pinuselliottii Engelm.) were estimated using measurements on 56 open-pollinated families. Increment cores were taken at breast height from six trees per family on each of two sites and density profiles generated using X-ray densitometry. There was no practical genetic variance for earlywood density; however, ring density, latewood density, latewood percentage, and transition ages for those traits were all heritable. Moderate selection pressure (selection of top 25%) on transition age would be expected to decrease transition age by approximately 1 year, but this would likely cause a correlated increase in the density of juvenile wood, and decrease in the density of mature wood. Selection for increased mature wood density and juvenile wood density will likely increase whole tree density by 0.02 g/cm3.

Wood density of natural white spruce populations in Quebec

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 675-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Corriveau ◽  
J. Beaulieu ◽  
F. Mothe
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Juvenile Wood ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Density Variation ◽  
Mature Wood ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genetic Sampling ◽  
The Individual

During genetic sampling of white spruce in 1984, increment cores were taken from 80 populations in order to study wood density variation within species in natural Quebec forests. Results show that wood density differences exist between populations and that wood density is negatively correlated with the width of the growth rings; however, some trees and some populations exhibit both high wood density and rapid growth. A moderate positive link was found between juvenile and mature wood densities at both the individual and population levels. Therefore, breeding programs for the improvement of wood density could be based on selections made on juvenile wood.

scholarly journals Phenotypic Correlations among Growth and Selected Wood Properties in White Spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) †

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyriac S. Mvolo ◽  
Ahmed Koubaa ◽  
Jean Beaulieu ◽  
Alain Cloutier ◽  
Maurice Defo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Juvenile Wood ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Mature Wood ◽  
Ring Density ◽  
Tracheid Length ◽  
Latewood Density ◽  
Anatomical Properties

We examined phenotypic relationships among radial growth-related, physical (i.e., related to wood density), and anatomical (i.e., related to tracheid dimensions) wood properties in white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss), in order to determine the strength and significance of their correlations. Additionally, principal component analysis (PCA) was used to establish if all of the properties must be measured and to determine the key properties that can be used as proxies for the other variables. Radial growth-related and physical properties were measured with an X-ray densitometer, while anatomical properties were measured with a Fiber Quality Analyzer. Fifteen wood properties (tracheid length (TL) and diameter (TD), earlywood tracheid length (ETL) and diameter (ETD), latewood tracheid length (LTL) and diameter (LTD), ring width (RW), ring area (RA), earlywood width (EWW), latewood width (LWW), latewood proportion (LWP), ring density (RD), intra-ring density variation, earlywood density (EWD), and latewood density (LWD)) were assessed. Relationships were evaluated at intra-ring and inter-ring levels in the juvenile wood (JW) and mature wood (MW) zones. Except for a few cases when mature tracheid diameter (TD) was involved, all intra-ring anatomical properties were highly and significantly correlated. Radial growth properties were correlated, with stronger relationships in MW compared to JW. Physical properties were often positively and significantly correlated in both JW and MW. A higher earlywood density coupled with a lower latewood density favored wood uniformity, i.e., the homogeneity of ring density within a growth ring. Managing plantations to suppress trees growth during JW formation, and enhancing radial growth when MW formation starts will favor overall wood quality. In order, RW-EWW-RA, TL-ETL-LTL, and RD-EWD-LWP are the three clusters that appeared in the three wood zones, the whole pith-to-bark radial section, the juvenile wood zone, and the mature wood zone.

scholarly journals Effects of live crown on vertical patterns of wood density and growth in Douglas-fir

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara L Gartner ◽  
Eric M North ◽  
G R Johnson ◽  
Ryan Singleton
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Juvenile Wood ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Mature Wood ◽  
Node Number ◽  
Growth Ring Width ◽  
Residual Variation ◽  
Wide Range

It would be valuable economically to know what are the biological triggers for formation of mature wood (currently of high value) and (or) what maintains production of juvenile wood (currently of low value), to develop silvicultural regimes that control the relative production of the two types of wood. Foresters commonly assume the bole of softwoods produces juvenile wood within the crown and mature wood below. We tested that assumption by comparing growth ring areas and widths and wood density components of the outer three growth rings in disks sampled from different vertical positions of 34-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) trees. The 18 trees were sampled from one site and had a wide range of heights to live crown. Most of the variance (63–93%) in wood characteristics (growth ring area: total, earlywood, latewood; growth ring width: total, earlywood, latewood; latewood proportion: by area, width; and ring density: total, earlywood, latewood) was due to within-tree differences (related to age of the disk). Stepwise regression analysis gave us equations to estimate wood characteristics, after which we analyzed the residuals with a linear model that included whether a disk was within or below the crown (defined as the lowest node on the stem with less than three live branches). After adjusting for tree and disk position, only 2–10% of the residual variation was associated with whether the disk was in or out of the live crown. There were no statistically significant differences at p = 0.05 between a given disk (by node number) in versus out of the crown for any of the factors studied. Moreover, the wood density characteristics were not statistically significant at p = 0.30. This research suggests that there was no effect of the crown position on the transition from juvenile to mature wood as judged by wood density. Therefore, we found no evidence to support the concept that tree spacing and live-branch pruning have a significant effect on the cambial age of transition from juvenile to mature wood in Douglas-fir trees of this age.

Juvenile–mature relationships for wood density in Pinustaeda

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 714-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire G. Williams ◽  
Robert A. Megraw
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Genetic Test ◽  
Juvenile Wood ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Mature Wood ◽  
Type I ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Genetic Covariance ◽  
Short Term Test

Open-pollinated seeds were collected from loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) selections made in natural stands in eastern North Carolina, then planted in a short-term, closely spaced test and in a conventional genetic test. Wood density measurements from seedlings, from older trees, and from parents aged 40–75 years old were used to estimate the genetic covariance structure between juvenile and mature wood. These data were also used to determine if the genetic relationship between juvenile and mature wood varied with the estimation method used or with the fertilizer and irrigation treatments in the short-term test. Age–age relationships were moderately to highly positive and these results were corroborative using several methods: parent–offspring regression and coefficient of genetic prediction, half-sib analyses, and graphical use of type I selection mistakes. Strong age–age relationships (rg = 0.76 to 0.90) were expressed between juvenile wood in the short-term test and older-tree wood density in the genetic test. Moderate to high heritabilities (h2 = 0.55–0.76) were estimated for juvenile wood in short-term tests. The latter estimates tended to be higher than heritability estimates based on parent–offspring regression (h2 = 0.23–0.25). There was negligible family × treatment interaction due to rank change between short-term testing treatments. Height and specific gravity expressed a slight positive correlation at all ages.

scholarly journals Density of juvenile and mature wood of selected coniferous species

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 123-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Gryc ◽  
H. Vavrčík ◽  
K. Horn
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Juvenile Wood ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Mature Wood ◽  
European Larch ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Coniferous Species ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

The objective of research was to determine the density of juvenile (JW) and mature wood (MW) of selected coniferous species growing in the Czech Republic. The research included the wood of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and European larch (Larix decidua Mill.). The juvenile wood density close to the pith was 410 kg&middot;m<sup>&ndash;3</sup> for spruce, 391 kg&middot;m<sup>&ndash;3</sup> for pine and 573 kg&middot;m<sup>&ndash;3</sup> for larch with 12% water content. Mature wood in the peripheral parts had the higher density in all species &ndash; spruce 516 kg&middot;m<sup>&ndash;3</sup>, pine 552 kg&middot;m<sup>&ndash;3</sup> and larch 652 kg&middot;m<sup>&ndash;3</sup>. The highest difference, the difference of 161 kg&middot;m<sup>&ndash;3</sup>, between juvenile and mature wood was found out in Scots pine. The large difference in the wood density of pine is caused by a considerable difference in the mean ring width of its juvenile and mature wood. Further, it was proved that wood density decreases with the increasing ring width while wood density increases with the increasing proportion of latewood.

Genetic parameter estimates for volume from fuil-sib tests of slash pine (Pinus elliottii)

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1397-1408 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Dieters ◽  
T.L. White ◽  
G.R. Hodge
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Parameter ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Breeding Strategy ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Type B ◽  
Additive Variance ◽  
Dominance Variance

Data from 171 full-sib tests of slash pine (Pinuselliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) measured at multiple ages between 4 and 15 years, were used to obtain restricted maximum likelihood (REML) estimates of variance components. These tests included over 2100 full-sib families, from more than 700 first-generation parents, represented by some 170 000 individuals. Analyses were completed of each test, and using standardized data, of all possible pairs of connected tests (tests with five or more common parents). Heritability, proportion of dominance variance, type B genetic correlations (which examine genotype × environment interactions), and age-age genetic correlations were estimated from the REML variance component estimates. The average heritability of volume was 0.07 at 5 years, which increased to 0.12 at 11 and 14 years of age. These heritability estimates are similar to, though slightly smaller than, previous estimates obtained from open-pollinated tests. There was approximately 1.6 times as much additive variance as dominance variance at 5 years of age, increasing to more than 2 times at 11 or more years of age. Although the relative importance of dominance variance in tree volume apparently declines with age, the existence of dominance variance may warrant some changes to the current breeding strategy. Estimates of type B genetic correlations increased from around 0.6 at 5 years to over 0.8 at 14 years, and so the importance of genotype × environment interaction appears to decline with age. These estimates of type B genetic correlations and also the estimates of age-age genetic correlations are similar to estimates from open-pollinated tests.

Offspring–parent correlations for wood density of Pinustecunumanii between native and exotic environments

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1593-1596
Author(s):  
W.S. Dvorak ◽  
J.A. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Natural Population ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Juvenile Wood ◽  
Correlation Method ◽  
Mature Wood ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
Mother Tree ◽  
Progeny Tests

Seedlings from 83 mother trees of Pinustecunumanii (Schw.) Eguiluz & Perry, originating in a natural population in Belize, were established in two adjoining progeny tests at La Arcadia, Colombia. One 12-mm wood core was removed from each mother tree in Belize at seed collection, age 25–30 years, and 8-mm wood cores were taken from an average of nine trees per family in 8-year-old progeny trials in Colombia. Unextracted gravimetric wood density was obtained for juvenile wood (rings 1 to 10) and mature wood core segments (rings 11 to ≈25) for each parent tree as well as (juvenile wood) cores from the progeny. The wood density of progeny in Colombia averaged 377 kg/m3 versus 502 kg/m3 and 601 kg/m3 for the juvenile and mature wood of the parents, respectively. The correlation coefficient (r) for wood density between the mature wood of the parent trees and the juvenile wood of the progeny was 0.29 (significant at the p < 0.01 level). The estimated genetic gain in wood density as a result of selecting 1 in 20 trees in a progeny trial in Colombia was 8% when the estimated heritability (0.48) from sibling data was used, versus 5% when applying the offspring-parent estimate of heritability (0.27) from the correlation method.

scholarly journals The relation between the microscopic structure and the wood density of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 170-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Gryc ◽  
H. Vavrčík ◽  
M. Rybníček ◽  
E. Přemyslovská
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Juvenile Wood ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mature Wood ◽  
Microscopic Structure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

The aim of this study was to compare the structure of beech juvenile and mature wood in relation to wood density. The comparative analysis between juvenile and mature wood examined the diameter of vessels, the width and height of pith rays, and the number of vessels and pith rays per 1 mm<sup>2</sup>. The results show that the average vessel diameter as well as the width and height of pith rays reach statistically lower values in juvenile wood than in mature wood. On the other hand, no significant difference between the two types of wood has been found in terms of the frequency of vessels per 1 mm<sup>2</sup>. Having said that, the difference in the frequency of rays per 1 mm<sup>2</sup> between juvenile and mature wood is far from being negligible; juvenile wood has three times as many pith rays as mature wood. The density of juvenile wood is higher (&rho;<sub>12</sub> = 726.07 kg/m<sup>3)</sup> than the density of mature wood ((&rho;<sub>12</sub> = 701.50 kg/m<sup>3</sup>).

scholarly journals  Reduction of traits for genetic evaluation of linear described traits in the Old Kladruber horse

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 160-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Vostrý ◽  
J. Přibyl ◽  
P. Šimeček
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Genetic Parameter ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Selection Indexes ◽  
Measure Of Uncertainty ◽  
Selection Of

The estimated genetic parameters were used for selection of important conformation traits and reduction in the number of the described characteristics. For reduction in the number of described traits from the original 36 to 24, the traits were selected according to: measure of genetic similarity (cluster analysis), measure of uncertainty multidimensional quantity, value of the variance of aggregate genotype, value of the variance of selection index and correlation of trait to the first principal component of the genetic matrix. Reduction in the number of the described traits was based on the value of heritability coefficient and genetic correlations matrix. The reliabilities of selection indexes were estimated between 0.41 and 0.53. Among the three multivariate analysis methods evaluated in this study, the variance of selection index had the highest reliabilities of selection indexes. The estimation of selection index variance which omitted traits with low heritability coefficient and high genetic correlation was the most suitable for the traits selection. This procedure would enable the breeders to reduce field costs (e.g. time, labour) required for obtaining the genetic parameter estimates necessary for a specific breeding programme. &nbsp;

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