Growth responses of young cuttings of Populus deltoides × nigra to ozone in controlled environments

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 854-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Z. Tenga ◽  
Beverley Hale ◽  
Douglas P. Ormrod
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Repeated Exposure ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Controlled Environments

Controlled-environment facilities were used to determine the growth response of hybrid poplar using concentrations and exposure frequencies of ozone (O3) that mimic ambient patterns. Young cuttings of Populusdeltoides × nigra were exposed to daily bell-shaped concentration profiles of O3 with four peak concentrations and two exposures per week for 1 to 4 weeks. Exposure to O3 initially stimulated height growth rate, but repeated exposure resulted in decreases in height growth rate. Stem diameter growth rate decreased with increasing O3 concentration. Leaf greenness decreased with repeated exposure. The rate of leaf production declined with increasing O3 concentration. Many leaves abscised in the higher O3 treatments, resulting ultimately in stimulation of bud break. Leaf area, leaf dry weight, and root dry weight at harvest decreased with increasing total O3 exposure regardless of number of exposures. Stem dry weight was greater after limited initial O3 exposure but was less after repeated O3 exposures. Repeated exposures to O3 were uniformly detrimental to poplar growth parameters.

Gibberellins and heterosis in poplar

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1148-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas J. Bate ◽  
Stewart B. Rood ◽  
Terence J. Blake
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Hybrid Vigor ◽  
Selected Ion Monitoring ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Highly Correlated

To investigate the possible involvement of gibberellins (GAs) in heterosis of hybrid poplar, six poplar clones were studied, including two Populus deltoides clones and two interspecific hybrid clones (P. ×euramericana = P. deltoides × P. nigra) originating from crosses with each of the P. deltoides clones. In field conditions in Ontario, Canada, the interspecific hybrids were consistently taller and had greater shoot dry weights than their parental P. deltoides clones. Shoot dry weights and heights were highly correlated across the six clones, as clonal rankings for these parameters were identical. Endogenous GA-like substances were extracted, purified, chromatographed on silica gel partition columns, and quantified by the cv. Tan-ginbozu dwarf rice bioassay. Bioactive peaks were further chromatographed on reversed-phase C18 HPLC and again bio-assayed. Statistically significant differences in concentrations of total GA-like substances were observed. With one exception, the rankings for the concentrations of GA-like substances and those of GA1-like plus GA19-like substances were similar to the rankings for height growth. Gibberellins A1 and A19 have been identified from the tissue of hybrid poplar by capillary gas chromatography – selected ion monitoring (GC–SIM), and GA1 was also identified by GC–SIM in this tissue. In three of four comparisons, interspecific hybrids contained significantly higher concentrations of GA-like activity than their corresponding parental clones. Thus, a correlation was observed between the concentration of endogenous GA-like activity and hybrid vigor for height growth and shoot dry weight in poplar.

scholarly journals Growth Analysis of Wheat Using Machine Vision: Opportunities and Challenges

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 6501
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ajlouni ◽  
Audrey Kruse ◽  
Jorge A. Condori-Apfata ◽  
Maria Valderrama Valencia ◽  
Chris Hoagland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Machine Vision ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Projected Area ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Crop growth analysis is used for the assessment of crop yield potential and stress tolerance. Capturing continuous plant growth has been a goal since the early 20th century; however, this requires a large number of replicates and multiple destructive measurements. The use of machine vision techniques holds promise as a fast, reliable, and non-destructive method to analyze crop growth based on surrogates for plant traits and growth parameters. We used machine vision to infer plant size along with destructive measurements at multiple time points to analyze growth parameters of spring wheat genotypes. We measured side-projected area by machine vision and RGB imaging. Three traits, i.e., biomass (BIO), leaf dry weight (LDW), and leaf area (LA), were measured using low-throughput techniques. However, RGB imaging was used to produce side projected area (SPA) as the high throughput trait. Significant effects of time point and genotype on BIO, LDW, LA, and SPA were observed. SPA was a robust predictor of leaf area, leaf dry weight, and biomass. Relative growth rate estimated using SPA was a robust predictor of the relative growth rate measured using biomass and leaf dry weight. Large numbers of entries can be assessed by this method for genetic mapping projects to produce a continuous growth curve with fewer replicates.

scholarly journals Growth response of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp) on saline and alfisol soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 306 ◽  
pp. 01010
Author(s):  
M. Soedarjo
Keyword(s):  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

As an archipelago country, Indonesia is surrounded by abundant saline soils which could be potential for growing food crops. The research work was conducted to study the growth responses of some pigeon pea genotypes on saline soils. The genotypes of Pigeon pea (LG Kidul, Mega, 90024, 91043 and 94028), as treatment, were grown on Alfisol soil (non-saline) and on saline soil. The experiment was carried out using completely randomized design and replicated three times. All data observed were analyzed by employing standard deviation from 3 replicates. The results of present research work revealed a significant growth retardation of pigeon pea when grown on saline soil. All growth parameters, plant height, plant diameter, root dry weight, and shoot dry weight were significantly lower on saline soil than on Alfisol soil. High concentration of Na+ was observed in roots, shoots and leaves of pigeon pea indicating growth retardation and toxicity symptoms of pigeon pea on saline soil was due to Na+.

scholarly journals GROWTH ANALYSIS OF A SWEETPOTATO CULTIVAR GROWN IN AN NFT SYSTEM

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 731c-731
Author(s):  
Pauline P. David ◽  
Audrey A. Trotman ◽  
Desmond G. Mortley
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Component Part ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Total Plant

One of the major objective of growth analysis data is to provide a basic understanding of some of the mechanisms that affect plant growth. This study was initiated to evaluate the effects on several growth parameters when plants are grown in an NFT system. Vine cuttings (15 cm length) of the sweetpotato cultivar ``Georgia Jet” was grown in a closed NFT system for a period of 120 days. Nutrient was supplied in a modified half-strength Hoagland's solution with a N:K ratio of 1:2.4. Destructive harvesting of plants occurred at 14 day intervals at which time plants were separated into their various component parts and analyzed for dry weight accumulation, leaf area index, crop growth rate, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate. Results showed dry weight distribution within the plant had a linear response for all component part evaluated. Greatest contributors to total plant dry weight was stem followed by leaves, fibrous roots, buds and flowers. However, once storage root production occurred it contributed the largest percentage to total plant dry weight. LAI was optimum at 80 days after planting (DAP) while CGR and RGR fluctuated throughout the growing season. Initially NAR was higher in foliage than storage roots but declined once storage root enlargement began, suggesting a translocation of assimilates to storage root.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Growth Parameters of Anthurium andreanum Plants Grown in Mixes with Municipal Solid Waste Compost

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 769C-769
Author(s):  
Maria Del Carmen Libran* ◽  
Dania Rivera ◽  
Lizzette Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Compost ◽  
Number Of Leaves

In Puerto Rico, the ornamental crop production is one of the most important agricultural enterprises. The growing media most used to grow ornamentals contains peat moss which is very expensive and everyday results less available. There is a need to conduct studies to evaluate alternate organic components. In Puerto Rico, the Municipal solid waste compost (MSW) has been considered as a possible component for a growing mix to grow plants. Results from chemical properties studies of the MSW compost shows that it is a source of nutrients for plants. A raw MSW is a contaminat to the environment, but once is composted does not represent a hazard to humans or environment. The objective of this research was to evaluate the growth responses of Anthurium plants grown in mixes containing different proportions of MSW with a commercial type of mix containing peat moss. Plant of Rosa cultivar Anthura Co. were grown under six treatments containing proportions of MSW: Peatlite mix (0:100,15:85,25:75,50:50,75:25, and 100:0). Data of growth parameters such as number of leaves, leaf area index, clorophyll content, number of flowers, adn fresh and dry weight was gathered and analyzed. Results did show not significant differences in all treatments on number of leaves and leaves area. Clorophyll content was similar on treatment 0:100,15:85 and 25:75 of MSW: Peatlite mix. Fresh and dry weight (g) were lower in all treatments except on 0:100, which got the highest weight. These results shown that MSW could be considered to be a component of a soiless mix to grow ornamentals in order to reduce cost production and environmental impact.

scholarly journals Growth performance of hybrid poplar clones on two agricultural sites with and without early irrigation and fertilization

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil D. Nelson ◽  
Richard Meilan ◽  
William E. Berguson ◽  
Bernard G. McMahon ◽  
Meijun Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Genotype X Environment ◽  
Poplar Clones

Abstract Growth, clone rank, genotype x environment interaction, and effects of early fertilization and irrigation were evaluated for 56 hybrid poplar clones after three years’ growth on two agricultural sites in Indiana, USA. Forty-eight percent of the clones were Populus deltoides x P. nigra (DxN) crosses made with a female parent of Minnesota provenance, with the hybrids or female parent screened in Minnesota for survival, growth rate, and disease tolerance or resistance. Forty-one percent of the clones had at least one parent from provenances that are more southerly and/or have more moderate climates of provenance origin than Minnesota. Eleven percent of the clones were screened in Minnesota but were either not DXN crosses or did not have parents from Minnesota provenances in their parentage. Height growth averaged 1.78 m per year for all clones over all treatments and 2.02 m per year for the fastest- growing six clones (top 10th percentile). Tree bole volume for the fastest-growing 10 % of the clones was 70 % larger than the average of two commercial standard clones. The clonal effect was dominant in comparison to site, treatment, and interaction effects. The fertilizer, irrigation, and fertilizer x irrigation treatments tended to increase growth, but the statistical significance of the treatment effects differed by site, and the treatments explained only a small portion of the variance. Clone rank was the same on both sites, regardless of treatment, except for the fertilizer x irrigation treatment. DxN clones linked to Minnesota parentage out-performed most clones of more southerly or other more moderate climatic origins, in these tests conducted far south of Minnesota. The data provide further evidence of broad adaptability of DxN hybrids with female P. deltoides parents of Minnesota provenance, possibly eliminating the need for narrow breeding zones and reducing the number of screening tests needed at different latitudes, saving time and money. Tests are planned to further analyze and possibly extend this inference.

scholarly journals The effect of temperature and water activity on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (Special Issue 2) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Medveďová ◽  
Ľ. Valík ◽  
A. Studeničová
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Water Activity ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Extended Model ◽  
Growth Responses

The growth responses of Staphylococcus aureus 2064 as affected by water activity and incubation temperature were studied in two different laboratory media. Growth parameters at temperatures from 7 to 51&deg;C and a<sub>w</sub> in the range from 1.0 to 0.86 were fitted using Ratkowsky models. The effect of temperature within its whole range on the specific growth rate was modelled by the extended model under the following equation: &radic;&micro; = 0.0456 (T &ndash; T<sub>min</sub>) [1 &ndash; e<sup>0.447(T &ndash; T<sub>max</sub>)</sup>]. The water activity values of tested media were adjusted by sodium chloride in the range from a<sub>w</sub> = 1.0 to 0.86 and experiments were conducted at 15 and 18&deg;C. The growth responses of S. aureus on water activity at 15&deg;C and 18&deg;C in PCA broth and BHI broth was described by simplified Ratkowsky model in the form: &radic;&micro; = b &times; a<sub>w</sub>. Validation of the found relationships confirmed sound fitting of the data and thus the referred results of the isolate originated from ewes&rsquo; cheese can be used in the growth prediction of S. aureus, reliably.

Gibberellic acid induced growth acceleration in Populus hybrids

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 850-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. B. Rood ◽  
G. Daicos ◽  
T. J. Blake
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Net Assimilation

Weekly applications of 0.4 mg gibberellic acid (GA) in 8 μL 95% ethanol micropipetted onto shoots of rooted cuttings increased Populuseuramericana (Dode) Guinier height growth by 54% and shoot dry weight by 25% after 21 days. Total leaf area increased by 21% as a result of more rapid leaf production and slightly larger leaf sizes. Root growth was unaffected by GA treatment. The observed GA-induced acceleration resulted from an increase in relative growth rate while mean net assimilation rate was unaffected. Owing to a substantial increase in the number and size of leaves, the leaf area ratio, representing the ratio of photosynthesizing to respiring material, increased. While direct micropipette application of GA promoted height growth and primary shoot dry weight accumulation, GA application through either foliar spray or soil drench also promoted the growth of secondary shoots. Application of GA to shoots was more effective in promoting shoot growth than application through the roots. Direct GA application also promoted the growth of P. alba L. × P. grandidentata Michx. and P. × canescens (Ait.) Smith × P. alba × P. grandidentata. Thus, GA can be used for hastening early growth of these trees under winter greenhouse conditions.

Seismic stress effects on vegetative and reproductive development of ‘Alaska’ pea

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 2011-2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart W. Akers ◽  
Cary A. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Reproductive Growth ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Carbon Assimilation Rate ◽  
Growth Changes ◽  
Vegetative And Reproductive Growth ◽  
Seismic Stress

Vegetative and reproductive growth responses of pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Alaska) to periodic seismic (shaking) stress were investigated during fall, winter, and spring seasons in a greenhouse. Growth changes caused by equivalent shaking treatment varied quantitatively among seasons, with the least response occurring during winter, but they were qualitatively similar during all three seasons. Shaking caused significant reduction in all growth parameters measured except root dry weight and leaf number after 16 days of treatment. Reproductive growth responses to shaking (occurring from 16 to 35 days of treatment) included delay of anthesis but no difference in number of fruits set after as much as 35 days of treatment. Seismic stress significantly reduced the number but not the weight of individual seeds per pod. Mean relative shoot growth rate was reduced by shaking during reproductive as well as vegetative growth. During both periods of development this response was caused almost entirely by inhibition of net carbon assimilation rate.

Correlation between early root production, carbohydrate metabolism, and subsequent biomass production in hybrid poplar

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 2168-2174 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Tschaplinski ◽  
T. J. Blake
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Total Root Length ◽  
Growth Processes ◽  
Carbohydrate Utilization

The relationship between the rooting patterns of five poplar hybrids and stem carbohydrate dynamics was investigated to determine if the availability or metabolism of carbohydrates was limiting early root production of cuttings. Differences in early root production (i.e., number, length, and dry weight) after 17 days paralleled the subsequent differences in accumulation of aboveground biomass that were observed when two Populus balsamifera L. × deltoides Bartr. (Jackii 4 and Jackii 7) and three Populus deltoides Bartr. × nigra L. (DN 2, DN 22, and DN 15) hybrids were compared. Total root length and dry weight of Jackii 4 was four times that of Jackii 7. Both DN 2 and DN 22 had a total root length twice that of DN 15. Rooting characteristics may be useful criteria for selection of productive clones. Carbohydrate analysis of stem cuttings suggested that hybrids differing in biomass production displayed different patterns of carbohydrate utilization. The concentrations of glucose and myoinositol declined more in faster growing hybrids (Jackii 4, DN 2, DN 22) than in slower growing hybrids (Jackii 7, DN 15). The results suggest that faster growing hybrids consume monosaccharides in growth processes, whereas the slower growing hybrids convert monosaccharides into alternative storage forms and use less in growth processes. The initial myoinositol concentration in stem cuttings of poplar hybrids was correlated (r2 = 0.95) with root dry weight produced after 17 days, but the initial starch concentration was unrelated to later root biomass production. The results suggest that initial myoinositol concentration in cuttings may be used in early selection for rooting performance.

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