Host plant traits associated with resistance of ponderosa pine to the sawfly, Neodiprionfulviceps

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 839-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Wagner ◽  
Zhao-Yi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Outer Cell ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Fiber Cells ◽  
Pine Sawfly ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Laboratory Bioassays

Phenotypic variation in defoliation of ponderosa pine, Pinusponderosa Laws., by the pine sawfly, Neodiprionfulviceps, is reported. Two field and one laboratory bioassays of paired phenotypically resistant and susceptible trees consistently indicated that sawfly egg, larval, and total survival were 5–14% lower on resistant trees. A suite of host-plant traits were assayed on resistant and susceptible trees including anatomical characteristics of the needles and concentration of terpene and nitrogen. Resistant trees had thicker outer cell layers, more fiber cells, higher toughness, and lower soluble nitrogen than susceptible trees. Resistant and susceptible trees were not distinguished by differences in terpenes. Generational survival of N. fulviceps was inversely related to foliage toughness and number of fiber cells.

Altered Root Structure Affects Both Expression and Cellular Localization of Transporters for Mineral Element Uptake in Rice

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
En Yu ◽  
Naoki Yamaji ◽  
Jian Feng Ma
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Localization ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Outer Cell ◽  
Mineral Element ◽  
Root Structure ◽  
Short Root ◽  
Element Uptake ◽  
Rice Mutant ◽  
Cell Layers

Abstract One of the most important roles of plant roots is to take up mineral elements for their growth. Although several genes involved in root growth have been identified, the association between root structure and mineral element uptake is less investigated. In this study, we isolated a rice mutant (dice1, defective in cell elongation 1) with short-root phenotype. This mutant was characterized by partial defect in the formation of root outer cell layers. Mapping of the responsible gene revealed that the short-root phenotype in the mutant was caused by a single-nucleotide substitution of a gene encoding a membrane-anchored endo-1,4-beta-glucanase (OsGlu3). The growth of both the roots and shoots was partially recovered with increasing strength of nutrient solution and glucose in the mutant. The mutant showed a decreased uptake (normalized by root dry weight) for Mg, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd, As and Ge but increased uptake for K and Ca. The expression level of some transporter genes including OsLsi1 and OsLsi2 for Si uptake and OsNramp5 for Mn uptake was significantly decreased in the mutant compared with the wild-type (WT) rice. Furthermore, the cellular localization of OsLsi1 was altered; OsLsi1 localized at the root exodermis of the WT rice was changed to be localized to other cell layers of the mutant roots. However, this localization became normal in the presence of exogenous glucose in the mutant. Our results indicate that a normal root structure is required for maintaining the expression and localization of transporters involved in the mineral element uptake.

Morphology of Dianthoveus cremnophilus (Cyclanthaceae)

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 2450-2464 ◽  
Author(s):  
George J. Wilder
Keyword(s):  
Transition Zone ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Mirror Image ◽  
Outer Cell ◽  
Wall Ingrowths ◽  
The Third ◽  
Vegetative Buds ◽  
Inflorescence Axis ◽  
Cell Layers

Dianthoveus cremnophilus exhibits terminal inflorescences and rhizomes composed of renewal shoots. A rhizome bears two kinds of vegetative buds directly, viz. renewal buds that form renewal shoots and nonrenewal buds that may develop into new rhizomes. Adult leaves consist of sheath, petiole, transition zone, and a bifid lamina that varies from unicostate to subtricostate. The inflorescence axis consists of peduncle and spadix and bears two kinds of spathes, conspicuous and inconspicuous. Seeds exhibit four outer cell layers and become split periclinally throughout the third layer, as well as longitudinally down to this layer, along one edge. Tissue outside the region of splitting may be abscinded; wall ingrowths of the ruptured third layer adhere to, and appear outermost on, the remaining portion of seed, where they directly contact the environment. Seedlings exhibit a primary root, very short hypocotyl, cotyledon, and epicotyl with plumular leaves. Shoots manifest substantial mirror-image symmetry.

POTENTIAL OF ANTIFEEDANTS TO CONTROL LARVAL FEEDING OF SELECTED NEODIPRION SAWFLIES (HYMENOPTERA: DIPRIONIDAE)

1976 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 1137-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. All ◽  
D. M. Benjamin
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Pine Sawfly ◽  
European Pine Sawfly ◽  
Feeding Development ◽  
Laboratory Bioassays

AbstractAntifeedants for controlling larval feeding of several Neodiprion sawflies were evaluated in laboratory and field studies. Nine commercially available insect antifeedants and a hexane extract of the juvenile foliage of jack pine, Pinus banksiana Lambert, were tested on larvae of six species. In laboratory bioassays larvae exhibited varying sensitivity to antifeedants; generally species with monophagous or restricted oligophagous feeding habits were most sensitive. In the laboratory the Swaine jack pine sawfly, Neodiprion swainei Middleton, had severely restricted feeding, development, survival, and fecundity. Triphenyltin hydroxide was toxic to N. swainei and to European pine sawfly, N. sertifer (Geoffroy). In field tests certain antifeedants disrupted N. swainei feeding and development. The colonial behavior of larvae often was disrupted and solitary larvae fell from trees or wandered on twigs. Colony disruption by most antifeedants was temporary and many larvae resumed feeding.

Chronic Defoliation Impacts Pine Sawfly (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) Performance and Host Plant Quality

Oikos ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel D. McMillin ◽  
Michael R. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Quality ◽  
Host Plant Quality ◽  
Pine Sawfly

Predicting tropical insect herbivore abundance from host plant traits and phylogeny

Ecology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (sp8) ◽  
pp. S211-S222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. S. Whitfeld ◽  
Vojtech Novotny ◽  
Scott E. Miller ◽  
Jan Hrcek ◽  
Petr Klimes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Insect Herbivore
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