Temporal dynamics of ectomycorrhizal populations and seedling characteristics on red pine (Pinusresinosa)

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 810-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Wu ◽  
Margaret R. Gale ◽  
Peter J. Cattelino ◽  
Dana L. Richter ◽  
Johann N. Bruhn
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Total Height ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Seedling Characteristics

To assess temporal dynamics of ectomycorrhizae (ECM) on red pine (Pinusresinosa Ait.) seedlings, numbers of ECM per gram of dry root were compared with temporal changes in seedling height, basal diameter, above- and below-ground (coarse root) biomass, shootroot ratio, and leaf water potentials. Bare-root red pine seedlings (3-0 stock) planted on three sites in upper Michigan in June of 1984 were destructively sampled on a monthly basis (May–October) from 1985 to 1989. Three morphological types (brown, black, and white) of ECM were observed and counted. Average numbers of total and brown-type ECM per gram of dry root increased rapidly during the 1985 growing season, decreased from August 1985 to 1988, and appeared to increase slightly in 1989. Shoot weight, root weight, total height, basal diameter, and shoot:root ratio of red pine seedlings steadily increased. Temporal changes in numbers of total and brown-type ECM were significantly correlated with all seedling characteristics (p < 0.001). The highest correlation (negative) occurred between field age of red pine seedlings and numbers of both total and brown-type ECM per gram dry root; high negative correlations also existed between basal diameter, total height of red pine seedlings, and numbers of total and brown-type ECM per gram dry root. Decreased average leaf water potential was observed to relate to increases in numbers of total and brown-type ECM.

Above- and be Bow-ground biomass of precompetitive red pine in northern Michigan

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1064-1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
David D. Reed ◽  
Glenn D. Mroz ◽  
Hal O. Liechty ◽  
Elizabeth A. Jones ◽  
Peter J. Cattelino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Total Height ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Northern Michigan

In 1984, red pine (Pinusresinosa Ait.) plantations were established at three sites in northern Michigan. From 1985 through 1992, 3083 individual trees from these stands were destructively sampled to determine aboveground biomass. The root systems were excavated on a subset of these trees (975 individuals). There were no significant differences in the relationships between either above- or below-ground biomass and groundline diameter and tree height across the range of biomass (3–6720 g for aboveground biomass and 1–319 g for belowground biomass), basal diameter (0.3–10.1 cm), or height (10–417 cm) of the sampled trees. There were also no significant differences in these relationships among the three sites. Relative height growth (the ratio of total height increment in a year and the total height at the beginning of the growing season) was found to have a very well defined maximum that was a function of total height at the beginning of the growing season. This maximum relative growth rate was used to develop a new height growth index that can be used to identify precompetitive red pine that are approaching their potential height growth in field situations.

Root development of container-reared, nursery-grown, and naturally regenerated pine seedlings

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Nichols ◽  
A. A. Alm
Keyword(s):  
Root Systems ◽  
System Size ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stem Size ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Highly Correlated

Root systems of 6- to 10-year-old red pine (Pinusresinosa Ait.) and jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) trees reared in various containers were excavated from four different sites and studied. Nursery-grown and naturally regenerated trees of similar age and stem size growing on the same sites were used for comparison. Root cross-sectional area (RCSA) taken 5 cm from the stem, a measurement found to be highly correlated (r = 0.94) with root weight (In–In transformation), was used to describe root system size. The average RCSA's of jack pine reared in paper pots, book planters, and nonribbed styroblock-2 containers were smaller than those of naturally regenerated seedlings, but the differences were not statistically significant. Jack pine and red pine reared in Ontario tubes had significantly larger RCSA's than nursery-grown trees. There were some differences in radial distribution of horizontal roots, and the apportionment between horizontal and vertical root components differed between some of the seedling types.

scholarly journals Ectomycorrhizal Fungi Associated with Pinus densiflora Seedlings under Flooding Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4367
Author(s):  
Yoonhee Cho ◽  
Shinnam Yoo ◽  
Myung Soo Park ◽  
Ji Seon Kim ◽  
Chang Sun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Pinus Densiflora ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Thelephora Terrestris ◽  
Suillus Luteus ◽  
Flooding Stress ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Rhizopogon Luteolus

Flooding is an environmental stress for plants that not only limits aeration and nutrient acquisition, but also disturbs underground plant-associated fungal communities. Despite frequent flooding, red pine (Pinus densiflora) seedlings thrive in streamside environments. However, whether the compatible ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) of red pine are affected by natural flooding is unclear. As EMF are vital symbionts for the development of many trees and allow them to overcome various environmental stresses, in this study, the EMF species associated with red pine seedlings in a streamside environment in Korea were investigated after flooding. The EMF species in 47 seedlings collected from the streamside site were identified by observing their different morphotypes using internal transcribed spacer sequence analysis, and a total of 10 EMF species were identified. The EMF species diversity was lower than that in samples collected from a nearby forest analyzed as a control. The dominant EMF species of streamside seedlings included Amphinema spp., Rhizopogon luteolus, Suillus luteus, and Thelephora terrestris. This study could serve as a basis for investigating the mechanisms by which advantageous EMF aid plant development under flooding stress.

Simazine and Phosphorus Interactions in Red Pine Seedlings

Weeds ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 339 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Dhillon ◽  
W. R. Byrnes ◽  
C. Merritt
Keyword(s):  
Red Pine ◽  
Pine Seedlings

Effects of root zone temperature on root initiation and elongation in red pine seedlings

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 696-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris P. Andersen ◽  
Edward I. Sucoff ◽  
Robert K. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Root Elongation ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Root Initiation ◽  
Root Zone Temperature ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Zone Temperature

The influence of root zone temperature on root initiation, root elongation, and soluble sugars in roots and shoots was investigated in a glasshouse using 2-0 red pine (Pinusresinosa Ait.) seedlings lifted from a northern Minnesota nursery. Seedlings were potted in a sandy loam soil and grown in chambers where root systems were maintained at 8, 12, 16, or 20 °C for 27 days; seedling shoots were exposed to ambient glasshouse conditions. Total new root length was positively correlated with soil temperature 14, 20, and 27 days after planting, with significantly more new root growth at 20 °C than at other temperatures. The greatest number of new roots occurred at 16 °C; the least, at 8 °C. Total soluble sugar concentrations in stem tissue decreased slightly as root temperature increased. Sugar concentrations in roots were similar at all temperatures. The results suggest that root elongation is suppressed more than root tip formation when red pine seedlings are exposed to the cool soil temperatures typically found during spring and fall outplanting.

scholarly journals The Association of a Longidorus Species with Stunting and Root Damage of Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda L.) Seedlings

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (7) ◽  
pp. 803-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen W. Fraedrich ◽  
Michelle M. Cram
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Seedling Root ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Proper Diagnosis ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

A Longidorus species was consistently associated with patches of stunted and chlorotic loblolly pine seedlings at a forest-tree nursery in Georgia. Seedlings from affected areas had poorly developed root systems that lacked lateral and feeder roots. Longidorus population densities in composite soil samples from the margins of patches ranged from 9 to 67 nematodes per 100 cm3 of soil. In a growth chamber experiment, seedling root dry weight decreased with respect to the initial Longidorus dose as well as the final Longidorus populations in containers. The dry root weight of seedlings were 0.117, 0.090, 0.066, and 0.065 g in containers initially infested with 0, 50, 100, and 200 Longidorus, respectively. Lateral and fine roots were lacking on seedlings at the highest doses. Populations of Longidorus increased in all containers during the experiment. Damage to loblolly pine seedlings caused by Longidorus is a previously undescribed problem in southern pine nurseries. Proper diagnosis of the problem by nematode testing laboratories may require the use of extraction techniques specific for larger nematodes such as Longidorus.

scholarly journals Fungicides Improve Field Performance of Stored Loblolly and Longleaf Pine Seedlings

1996 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Brissette ◽  
James P. Barnett ◽  
John P. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Longleaf Pine ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Storage Duration ◽  
Fungicide Application ◽  
Total Height ◽  
Pine Seedlings

Abstract Seedlings of loblolly and longleaf pine lifted in December, January, and February were treated with either benomyl or ridomil before cold storage. Along with an untreated control, they were planted after cold storage of less than 1 wk, 3 wk, and 6 wk. Survival was measured in mid-June after planting, and after 1 and 4 yr in the field. Total height was measured after 4 yr. The fungicide application increased survival of both species lifted in December or February and was beneficial to longleaf pine seedlings regardless of storage duration. Fungicide-treated longleaf pine seedlings had greater mean 4 yr height than the controls, but fungicides did not affect the height of loblolly pine. South. J. Appl. For. 20(1): 5-9.

Growth and Nitrogen Availability of Red Pine Seedlings under High Nitrogen Load and Elevated Ozone

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (2/3) ◽  
pp. 277-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuro Nakaji ◽  
Takuya Kobayashi ◽  
Mihoko Kuroha ◽  
Kumiko Omori ◽  
Yuko Matsumoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Elevated Ozone ◽  
Pine Seedlings

Effects of canopy N uptake on foliar CO2 assimilation rates and biomass production and allocation in Japanese red pine seedlings

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1395-1403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaaki Chiwa ◽  
Toshihide Matsuda ◽  
Nobutake Nakatani ◽  
Tsuyoshi Kobayashi ◽  
Atsushi Kume ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Biomass ◽  
Pinus Densiflora ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
C Sequestration ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Atmospheric N Deposition ◽  
Japanese Red Pine ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Psii Photochemistry

To investigate the direct physiological effects of CNU (canopy nitrogen uptake), three mist solutions (control, N1, and N2 with 0.03, 13.1, and 32.7 kg NH4+-N·ha–1, respectively) were sprayed on Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc.) seedlings three times a week for three months. Waterproof sheets protected the surface soil during misting to avoid adding N to the soil. The results show N mist treatments to foliage increased needle N availability in proportion to N dose, which was large enough to cause greater N and chlorophyll content in the needles. This suggests that N is rapidly absorbed, is directly assimilated by the needles, and is used in photosynthesis. These increases resulted in higher maximum net CO2 assimilation rates (Amax) and maximum quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm) of pine seedlings and subsequently increased bud and root biomass. Increased root biomass reduced the sensitivity of the shoot-to-root ratio to increased N availability in the foliage. In conclusion, our study supported the idea that CNU should be taken into consideration when evaluating the impacts of elevated atmospheric N deposition on forest C sequestration and biomass allocation.

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