Impacts des milieux pédologiques en bosses et creux sur les teneurs en composés phénoliques et en éléments minéraux dans les feuilles d'érables à sucre (Acersaccharum) en dépérissement du Québec

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sauvesty ◽  
F. Pagé ◽  
M. Giroux
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Total N ◽  
Site Distribution ◽  
Foliar N

We conducted a study on the influence of microrelief on the content of phenolic compounds and mineral elements in leaves of sugar maple (Acersaccharum Marsh.) at various stages of decline. The stand of origin was located in the Appalachian Highlands of Quebec, on acidic material with a microrelief constituted of hollows and bumps, the height of the latter varying between 30 and 60 cm. Well aerated podzols developed on bumps, while gleysols developed in hollows. Trees generally grew on bumps and their roots could extend as far as 5 m away from the tree. Microrelief and soils were described within a 5-m radius around every sugar maple under study. Pedological sites were classified into three categories according to their microrelief (percent surface area covered by bumps): (i) less than 30% of surface (dominance of poorly drained soils), (ii) between 30 and 50% of surface (dominance of imperfectly drained soils), and (iii) more than 50% of surface (dominance of well drained soils). A principal component analysis on site distribution and a chemical analysis of soils showed an increase in total N and in K, Ca, and Mg availability with an increase in soil humidity. The principal component analysis and chemical analysis of leaves indicated that the content of phenolic compounds was highest, and those of N and K lowest, in moistest soils. The decline was also greatest on those sites. There was a strong correlation between synthesis of phenolic compounds and foliar N contents, and between decline intensity and foliar N content. The high humidity of some soils of the study sites reduces the availability of N, causing a stress to sugar maples. This phenomenon would result in an increased synthesis of phenolic compounds and a decline in less resistant trees. Phenolic compounds could then be utilized as a physiological indicator of stress. Those results explain why healthy trees can grow next to declining trees.

scholarly journals Relationships Between the Content of Phenolic Compounds and the Antioxidant Activity of Polish Honey Varieties as a Tool for Botanical Discrimination

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1810
Author(s):  
Monika Kędzierska-Matysek ◽  
Małgorzata Stryjecka ◽  
Anna Teter ◽  
Piotr Skałecki ◽  
Piotr Domaradzki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Hydroxybenzoic Acid ◽  
Coumaric Acid

The study compared the content of eight phenolic acids and four flavonoids and the antioxidant activity of six Polish varietal honeys. An attempt was also made to determine the correlations between the antioxidant parameters of the honeys and their polyphenol profile using principal component analysis. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant activity (ABTS) and reduction capacity (FRAP) were determined spectrophotometrically, and the phenolic compounds were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The buckwheat honeys showed the strongest antioxidant activity, most likely because they had the highest concentrations of total phenols, total flavonoids, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, vanillic acid and chrysin. The principal component analysis (PCA) of the data showed significant relationships between the botanic origin of the honey, the total content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids and the antioxidant activity of the six Polish varietal honeys. The strongest, significant correlations were shown for parameters of antioxidant activity and TPC, TFC, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid and p-coumaric acid. Analysis of four principal components (explaining 86.9% of the total variance), as a classification tool, confirmed the distinctiveness of the Polish honeys in terms of their antioxidant activity and content of phenolic compounds.

An energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry approach for the identification of geographical origin of wheat flour

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Chen ◽  
Xingpu Qi ◽  
Zaiyong Si ◽  
Qianwei Cheng ◽  
Hui Chen
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽  
Energy Channel ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Different Origins

Abstract In this work, a method was established for discriminating geographical origins of wheat flour based on energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (ED-XRF) and chemometrics. 68 wheat flour samples from three different origins were collected and analyzed using ED-XRF technology. Firstly, the principal component analysis method was applied to analyze the feasibility of discrimination and reduce data dimensionality. Then, Competitive Adaptive Reweighted Sampling (CARS) was used to further extract feature variables, and 12 energy variables (corresponding to mineral elements) were identified and selected to characterize the geographical attributes of wheat flour samples. Finally, a non-linear model was constructed using principal component analysis and quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA). The CARS-PCA-QDA model showed that the accuracy of five-fold cross-validation was 84.25%. The results showed that the established method was able to select important energy channel variables effectively and wheat flour could be classified based on geographical origins with chemometrics, which could provide a theoretical basis for unveiling the relationship between mineral element composition and wheat origin.

ETUDE PAR L’ANALYSE EN COMPOSANTES PRINCIPALES DES PROPRIETES CHIMIQUES D’UN SOL FORESTIER 10 ANS APRES ECLAIRCIE

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. GONZALEZ ◽  
M. BOUDOUX ◽  
G. HUBERT
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Beech Forest ◽  
Analysis Technique

Principal component analysis was used to illustrate the evolution of chemical properties of a soil under sugar maple–beech forest, following two levels of thinning (30 and 50% of basal area). This multivariate analysis technique clearly showed that there were no significant differences between treated and untreated soils 10 yr after thinning.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Germination Behaviour, Protein Secondary Structure, Techno-Functional Properties, Antinutrients, Antioxidant Capacity and Mineral Elements in Germinating Dhaincha

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Savita Sharma ◽  
Prashant Sahni
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Secondary Structure ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Foaming Properties ◽  
Slight Reduction

Research background. Dhaincha (Sesbania aculeate) is a forage legume which is primarily used for green manuring and animal feeding. Good nutritional profile of dhaincha makes it a potential alternative legume in human nutrition. However, the presence of high amount of antinutrients pose problem in its utilization for food applications. The present investigation was intended to germinate dhaincha seeds at different time-temperature regimes and to evaluate the dynamics of characteristics of germinating dhaincha to ascertain optimal germination conditions to improve its potential for utilization. Experimental approach. Dhaincha seeds were germinated at 24, 28 and 32 °C for 24, 48 and 72 h. Germinating dhaincha was evaluated for its germination characteristics and losses, spectral characteristics, techno-functionality, antinutrients, bioactive constituents, antioxidant capacity and mineral elements. Optimal balance of techno-biofunctionality of germinating dhaincha seeds was validated by principal component analysis. Results and conclusions. Sprout length and germination losses increased with the higher germination temperature and prolonged germination time. Seeds showed similar germination rate at 28 and 32 °C and it was markedly higher in contrast to germination at 24 °C Germination for 24 h resulted in mild conformational changes in the secondary structure of protein whereas germination for 48 and 72 h exhibited major conformational changes in the β-sheets, resulting in consequent improvement in the hydration and foaming properties. Progression of germination (72 h) was manifested with the reduction of tannins (24.47 %), phytic acid (16.38 %), saponins (24.58 %), trypsin inhibitor (40.33 %) and lectin activity (62.50 %). Slight reduction was observed for results of DPPH∙ (3.7%) and ABTS∙+ (18.5%) assays, whereas total flavonoids (36.14 %) and metal chelating activity (26.76 %) increased. Total phenolics, FRAP, and reducing power exhibited decline after 24 h followed by a gradual increase. Zinc extractability increased drastically by germination. Germination at 28 °C for 72 h manifested higher reduction of antinutrients with comparatively less compromise on antioxidant activity and better functional characteristics as validated by principal component analysis. Novelty and scientific contribution. Dhaincha is an unknown crop in Europe and even in Asia it is predominantly used as green manure and animal feed. This research demonstrated that that intervention of germination can transform dhaincha into a promising crop for food industry. Germinated dhaincha exhibited enhanced techno-biofunctionality for utilization in various food formulations.

scholarly journals Diversity in Phenotypic Traits and Mineral Elements of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) Genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Ronke Justina Komolafe ◽  
Omolayo Johnson Ariyo ◽  
Christopher Olusanya Alake
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Nutrient Enhancement

African indigenous vegetables need to be improved for yield and nutrient enhancement. This can initially be done through germplasm characterization to know the pattern of genetic diversity for germplasm collection, conservation, and plant breeding programme. This research work was carried out to elucidate the diversity present in forty genotypes of okra in Nigeria as regards their qualitative and quantitative traits together with their mineral elements using cluster analysis and principal component analysis so as to help breeders in crop improvement programmes to select appropriate parents to produce new and better varieties. The experiment was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management, Federal University of Technology, Akure, during the rainy season in 2019. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis were employed to study the diversity present in the okra genotypes. There was great diversity among the forty genotypes of okra studied with respect to qualitative traits. There were highly significant differences P < 0.01 for all the quantitative characters, which indicated the presence of a great amount of diversity in all the characters studied. Single-linkage cluster analysis shows that, at 100% level of similarity, all the genotypes were distinct from one another. Results of the principal component analysis showed that 76.30% of the total variability among the okra genotypes evaluated in this study was accounted for the first five principal components. This study suggests that there is great diversity among the genotypes studied, which could be used by breeders for okra improvement.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the usability of single extractors in chemical analysis of composts using principal component analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Jakubus ◽  
Małgorzata Graczyk
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Statistical Method ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Chemical Extraction

Abstract The usability of various single extractors in the chemical analysis of composts was evaluated using principal component analysis. Ten different single extractors were used to determine the contents of microelements obtained in the chemical extraction of four different composts. It was found that principal component analysis is a satisfactory statistical method enabling the comparison of different solutions in terms of efficiency of extraction of microelements from composts of different composition. The results showed that 1mol dm-3 HCL and 10% HNO3 solutions had the highest extraction strength, and 0.01mol dm-3 CaCl2 and 1mol dm-3 NH4NO3 the lowest.

Discrimination of wines from the Mercosul countries according to their mineral composition

OENO One ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Luiz Antenor Rizzon ◽  
Alberto Miele ◽  
Jean-Pierre Rosier
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
Flame Emission ◽  
The World

<p style="text-align: justify;">The chemical and sensory characteristics of wines are related to the natural factors of their viticultural areas. The existing soil and climate diversity of the Mercosul countries is favorable to the elaboration of wines with different chemical composition. The mineral elements have already been studied to characterize wines from several viticultural regions all over the world. But the discrimination of wines from the Mercosul countries according to their mineral composition has not been done yet. The objective of this work was to characterize wines from Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay according to their mineral composition. Thirty-one wines were analyzed: 11 were from Argentina, 10 from Brazil and 10 from Uruguay; in relation to the type of wine, 10 were white, 11 rosé and 11 red ones. The analyses were made through the atomic absorption spectrophotometry; flame emission spectrophotometry; and colorimetry. The principal component analysis showed that the axes 1,2 and 3 explained 38.6%, 28.2% and 10.4% of the total variation. The principal component analysis made it possible to discriminate the wines from these three countries apart. The mineral elements which showed the highest discriminant effect were Li, Mg, P, K, Rb, Na, Mn and Fe. The Argentinian wines showed higher contents of minerals, specially the Li, Na, Mg and P; the Brazilian ones had higher levels of Rb and Mn; the Uruguayan wines showed an intermediary composition.</p>

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