Pathogenicity of three fungal associates of Hylobiuspales and Pissodesnemorensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to eastern white pine

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1438-1440 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Nevill ◽  
S.A. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Lesion Length ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Perfect State ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Blue Stain Fungi ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Fungal Associates

The pathogenicity of three fungal associates of the pine reproduction weevils, Hylobiuspales (Hbst) and Pissodesnemorensis Germar, to eastern white pine (Pinusstrobus L.) was investigated. Three-year-old eastern white pine seedlings were inoculated with isolates of Leptographiumprocerum (Kendr.) Wingf., Ophiostomapiceae (Munch) Sydow & Sydow, or a Graphium species that produced no perfect state. The inoculations were made by wounding the seedlings and inserting a block of malt extract agar colonized by the respective fungi into the wounds. After 3 months, the wounds of seedlings inoculated with L. procerum were resinous and there were significantly longer lesions in the bark and sapwood than in seedlings inoculated with the other fungi. Based on reisolation from the xylem, both L. procerum and O. piceae colonized the sapwood beyond lesions or any visual discoloration, but the Graphium species did not. These results confirm the pathogenicity of L. procerum and O. piceae and suggests that lesion length alone does not fully characterize colonization by some blue stain fungi.

HISTOLOGICAL STUDIES OF SYMPTOMS IN SEMIMATURE-TISSUE NEEDLE BLIGHT OF EASTERN WHITE PINE

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Linzon
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Pine Needles ◽  
The Other ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine ◽  
Histological Studies ◽  
Endodermal Cells ◽  
Needle Blight

The incipient symptoms of needle blight of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) appear only in semimature tissues of current year needles, and the orange-red lesions then spread acropetally throughout adjacent, more mature, tissues. Semimature tissue of white pine needles is characterized by the start of the suberization of the radial and transverse walls of the endodermal cells. The first cells to break down in blighted semimature tissue occur in the mesophyll region of one of the ventral faces of the needle. Mesophyll necrosis spreads laterally to the other ventral face and finally to the dorsal face of the needle, before proceeding distally through mature tissue. Anatomical differences exist between needles collected from susceptible and non-susceptible white pines.

scholarly journals Influences of Conventional and Low-Density Thinning on the Lower Bole Taper and Volume Growth of Eastern White Pine

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher H. Guiterman ◽  
Aaron R. Weiskittel ◽  
Robert S. Seymour
Keyword(s):  
Management Practice ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Low Density ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Crown Thinning ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
Density Treatment

Abstract Throughout the northeastern United States, thinning is a common management practice in stands of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.), but foresters lack clear information as to whether conventional B-line or low-density thinning will best achieve their growth and financial objectives. Conventional management consists primarily of light crown thinning, whereas low-density management uses heavy crown thinning to isolate selected crop trees. To better inform silviculturists of the effects of these thinning regimes on volume growth and taper of white pine, we compared the lower bole taper—quantified as Girard form class (GFC)—and volume growth between the two thinning regimes and a nonthinned control. Over the 17-year study period, GFC increased among all treatments from an overall average of 0.77 — 0.01 (—SE) to 0.82 — 0.00. Trees under the B-line thinning regime had the most taper (lowest GFC), owing to a thinning-induced growth response at breast height but not at the top of the butt log. Low-density thinning, on the other hand, resulted in substantially larger, less tapered butt logs with significantly higher growth rates at both breast height and the top of the butt log. The volume growth of low-density trees was significantly higher than that of trees in the other treatments. At the stand level, however, the overall volume growth of the low-density treatment was significantly lower than that of the B-line treatment. Thus, this study reveals that when implementing low-density thinning, there is a tradeoff between overall stand growth and larger, less tapered individual trees.

Inoculation of lodgepole pine with four blue-stain fungi associated with mountain pine beetle, monitored by a heat pulse velocity (HPV) instrument

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Yamaoka ◽  
R. H. Swanson ◽  
Y. Hiratsuka
Keyword(s):  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Heat Pulse ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Blue Stain Fungi ◽  
Blue Stain

In two separate experiments in the field, healthy 80-year-old lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) were inoculated with four blue-stain fungi that are associated with mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonusponderosae Hopk.) and beetle-attacked trees. Inocula of Ophiostomaclavigerum (Robins.-Jeff. & Davids.) Harrington, O, huntii (Robins.-Jeff.) de Hoog & Scheffer, O. montium (Rumb.) von Arx, and O. minus (Hedge.) H. & P. Sydow were prepared on sawdust media. Inoculum was placed under the bark in two areas (8 × 5 cm each), one above the other, separated by a 15-cm space in which heat pulse velocity (HPV) sensors were installed. HPVs in the inoculated trees were monitored daily for 4 weeks. In sections inoculated with O. clavigerum, HPVs were significantly reduced 10 to 13 days after inoculation in both experiments. Sapwood under the inoculated area was visibly altered and colonized by the fungus. The other three fungi did not significantly reduce HPVs. These results proved the capability of O. clavigerum to colonize functional sapwood and stop sap flow within a short period of time and reconfirmed the importance of this fungus in the mortality of trees attacked by mountain pine beetle.

Growth and physiological response of eastern white pine seedlings to partial cutting and site preparation

2007 ◽  
Vol 240 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 151-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-François Boucher ◽  
Pierre Y. Bernier ◽  
Hank A. Margolis ◽  
Alison D. Munson
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Response ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine ◽  
Partial Cutting ◽  
Pine Seedlings

scholarly journals Growth of Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus L.) Related to Forest Floor Consumption by Prescribed Fire in the Southern Appalachians

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine J. Elliott ◽  
James M. Vose ◽  
Barton D. Clinton
Keyword(s):  
Forest Floor ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Size Difference ◽  
Southern Appalachians ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Humus Layer

Abstract Chainsaw felling, burning, and planting of eastern white pine (Pinus strobusL.) have been prescribed on degraded pine/hardwood stands in the Southern Appalachians to improve overstory composition and productivity. The desired future condition of the overstory is a productive pine/hardwood mixture, with white pine, which is resistant to southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis), as the dominant pine. We evaluated the growth of white pine planted after fell-and-burn treatments through eight growing seasons after planting on three sites that differed in their fire characteristics and carbon and nitrogen losses. The three sites (JE, JW, and DD) differed in heat penetration and forest floor consumption. Although very little consumption of the Oe+Oa humus layer occurred during burning, consumption of the Oi litter layer was 94%, 94%, and 63% at JE, JW, and DD, respectively. Corresponding to the forest floor layer consumption (Oi and Oe+Oa combined), 46% of forest floor N was lost at JE, 45% of forest floor N was lost at JW, and less than 0.1% of the forest floor N was lost at DD. Biomass and density of woody competitor species were not significantly related to white pine size or growth. By the eighth growing season, no differences in white pine size or growth were detected between JE and JW, but DD had significantly smaller white pine trees. The size difference between DD and the other two sites was attributed to the replanting of seedlings at DD in 1992. However, relative growth rate (RGR) was significantly higher on DD in 1998 than the other two sites. Eight growing seasons after planting, white pine growth was negatively related to percent Oi layer consumed on the JE and JW sites. We also found significant relationships between white pine RGR and percent Oi consumed using data from all three sites. Although fire severity had a long-term effect on pine growth, fire severity was considered low overall on these sites because there were limited losses from the forest floor Oe+Oa layer. However, white pine increment and RGR were significantly related to percent forest floor Oi mass and N loss. This loss of site N capital could have a significant negative effect on growth of planted white pine over the long term. South. J. Appl. For. 26(1):18–25.

Virulence of, and interactions among, mountain pine beetle associated blue-stain fungi on two pine species and their hybrids in Alberta

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Rice ◽  
M.N. Thormann ◽  
D.W. Langor
Keyword(s):  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Lesion Length ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Blue Stain Fungi ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Hybrid Pine

Mountain pine beetle (MPB) is the most serious pest of lodgepole pine in western Canada, and it is predicted to spread into boreal jack pine within the next few years. Colonization of host trees by MPB-associated blue-stain fungi appears to be required for successful beetle reproduction. Three species of blue-stain fungi, Grosmannia clavigera (Robinson-Jeffery and Davidson) Zipfel, de Beer, and Wingfield (≡ Ophiostoma clavigerum (Robinson-Jeffery and Davidson) Harrington), Ophiostoma montium (Rumbold) von Arx, and Leptographium longiclavatum Lee, Kim, and Breuil, are associated with MPB in Alberta. In inoculation experiments, all three fungi caused lesions on lodgepole pine, jack pine, and their hybrids. On average, lesions were longer on jack pine and hybrids than on lodgepole pine, suggesting that fungal development will not be a barrier to MPB success in these trees. Differences in lesion length caused by the three fungal species were minimal, with significant differences observed only on hybrid pine and between O. montium and the other fungal treatments. On average, lesions caused by combinations of the three fungi (pair-wise and all together) did not differ significantly in length from those caused by the fungi singly, and none of the fungal species competitively excluded any of the others. These observations suggest that all three species are pathogenic to boreal pines and that the virulence of all three species is comparable.

Growth and virulence of Ceratocystis rufipenni and three blue-stain fungi isolated from the Douglas-fir beetle

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (10) ◽  
pp. 1763-1769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halvor Solheim ◽  
Paal Krokene
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
The Other ◽  
Malt Agar ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Dendroctonus Pseudotsugae ◽  
Dendroctonus Rufipennis ◽  
Spruce Beetle ◽  
Blue Stain Fungi ◽  
Blue Stain

Blue-stain fungi were isolated from the Douglas-fir beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins, and from Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, colonized by the beetle. Growth of the three most commonly isolated blue-stain fungi (Leptographium abietinum (Peck) Wingfield, Ophiostoma europhioides (Wright & Cain) Solheim, Ophiostoma pseudotsugae (Rumbold) von Arx), and Ceratocystis rufipenni Wingfield, Harrington, & Solheim, an important associate of the spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby), was studied in sapwood and phloem of live Douglas-fir trees, on malt agar, and on malt agar under oxygen-deficient conditions. The two Ophiostoma species grew better in the phloem and induced longer phloem necroses than the other fungi. Ceratocystis rufipenni and O. europhioides grew better in the sapwood and induced deeper sapwood occlusion. All fungi were relatively fast growing on malt agar, with O. pseudotsugae growing fastest and L. abietinum, slowest. Growth of C. rufipenni and O. europhioides was inhibited less by low oxygen levels than the other fungi, and this may explain why these two fungi were better able to colonize live sapwood.Key words: Ceratocystis rufipenni, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae, Douglas-fir, Leptographium abietinum, Ophiostoma europhioides, Ophiostoma pseudotsugae.

Growth of four bark-beetle-associated blue-stain fungi in relation to the induced wound response in Norway spruce

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 618-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paal Krokene ◽  
Halvor Solheim
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Wound Response ◽  
The Other ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Ophiostoma Piceae ◽  
Blue Stain Fungi ◽  
Phloem Necrosis ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Ceratocystis Polonica

Twenty-five-year-old Norway spruce trees (Picea abies) were inoculated with four blue-stain fungi. Each tree was inoculated three times with each fungus and three times with sterile agar as a control, giving a total of 15 inoculations per tree. There was little variation in the extent of phloem necrosis produced in response to the different fungi, but 5 weeks after inoculation necroses induced by Ceratocystis polonica and Ambrosiella sp. were significantly longer than those for the other fungi. At the same time, C. polonica had induced sapwood desiccation twice as deeply into the wood as any other fungus. Hyphal growth of the fungi into phloem and sapwood followed the same pattern as necrosis length and desiccation depth. Five weeks after inoculation, C. polonica had penetrated phloem and sapwood farther than any other fungus. It grew more slowly than the other fungi in both tissues the first week after inoculation, but the four following weeks it grew more quickly than all other fungi. Key words: Ambrosiella, blue-stain fungi, Ceratocystis polonica, low-density inoculation, Ophiostoma piceae, Scolytidae.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document