A new computer program for estimating the statistical significance of cross-dating positions for "floating" tree-ring series

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1215-1221 ◽  
Author(s):  
David K. Yamaguchi ◽  
George L. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Fortran Program ◽  
Data Quality Control ◽  
Quality Control Program ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
False Rings ◽  
Cross Dating

CORREL is a FORTRAN program that employs cross correlation to (i) determine potential cross-dating (matching) positions for "floating" (undated) ring series; (ii) detect missing or false rings; and (iii) estimate the statistical significance of potential dating positions. To work properly, CORREL input data must be detrended and modeled using the autoregressive moving average procedure. To guard against spurious dating, the output's best date should be checked for dating consistency. The significance level of the best date is obtained by adjusting its single-dating-trial significance for multiplicity (repeated dating trials). Ideally, COREL should be used with the detrending tree-ring programs ARSTAN or INDEX, and with the data quality-control program COFECHA.

scholarly journals Application of the ARIMA Model to Predict Under-Reporting of New Cases of Hansen’s Disease during the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Municipality of the Amazon Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 415
Author(s):  
Valéria Perim da Cunha ◽  
Glenda Michele Botelho ◽  
Ary Henrique Morais de Oliveira ◽  
Lorena Dias Monteiro ◽  
David Gabriel de Barros Franco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Arima Model ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Information Criteria ◽  
Hansen's Disease ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Hansen’S Disease ◽  
Disease Indicators ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
The One

This work aimed to apply the ARIMA model to predict the under-reporting of new Hansen’s disease cases during the COVID-19 pandemic in Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil. This is an ecological time series study of Hansen’s disease indicators in the city of Palmas between 2001 and 2020 using the autoregressive integrated moving averages method. Data from the Notifiable Injuries Information System and population estimates from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics were collected. A total of 7035 new reported cases of Hansen’s disease were analyzed. The ARIMA model (4,0,3) presented the lowest values for the two tested information criteria and was the one that best fit the data, as AIC = 431.30 and BIC = 462.28, using a statistical significance level of 0.05 and showing the differences between the predicted values and those recorded in the notifications, indicating a large number of under-reporting of Hansen’s disease new cases during the period from April to December 2020. The ARIMA model reported that 177% of new cases of Hansen’s disease were not reported in Palmas during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. This study shows the need for the municipal control program to undertake immediate actions in terms of actively searching for cases and reducing their hidden prevalence.

scholarly journals A Data Quality Control Program for Computer-Assisted Personal Interviews

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet E. Squires ◽  
Alison M. Hutchinson ◽  
Anne-Marie Bostrom ◽  
Kelly Deis ◽  
Peter G. Norton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Data Quality ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Data Quality Control ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Quality Control Program ◽  
High Quality Data

Researchers strive to optimize data quality in order to ensure that study findings are valid and reliable. In this paper, we describe a data quality control program designed to maximize quality of survey data collected using computer-assisted personal interviews. The quality control program comprised three phases: (1) software development, (2) an interviewer quality control protocol, and (3) a data cleaning and processing protocol. To illustrate the value of the program, we assess its use in the Translating Research in Elder Care Study. We utilize data collected annually for two years from computer-assisted personal interviews with 3004 healthcare aides. Data quality was assessed using both survey and process data. Missing data and data errors were minimal. Mean and median values and standard deviations were within acceptable limits. Process data indicated that in only 3.4% and 4.0% of cases was the interviewer unable to conduct interviews in accordance with the details of the program. Interviewers’ perceptions of interview quality also significantly improved between Years 1 and 2. While this data quality control program was demanding in terms of time and resources, we found that the benefits clearly outweighed the effort required to achieve high-quality data.

More on estimating the statistical significance of cross-dating positions for "floating" tree-ring series

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
David K. Yamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Significance Levels ◽  
Cross Correlations ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
T Values ◽  
Cross Dating

Tabulated Student's t-values and climatic insensitivity among inner tree-ring widths can bias estimates of statistical significance for cross correlations relating "floating" and master tree-ring series. These biases can be removed by (i) directly computing significance levels for cross-correlation coefficients at dating positions and (ii) deleting insensitive inner rings from a dated floating sample before final correlation analysis. The number of early rings to delete can be determined from plots of cross-correlation coefficients linking a dated floating series of artificially decreasing length with a master series. These modifications improve the precision of Yamaguchi and Allen's approach (D.K. Yamaguchi and G.L. Allen. 1992. Can. J. For. Res. 22: 1215–1221) for estimating significance.

Lung Function Test for Workers and its Quality Control Program

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Jung Keun Choi ◽  
Mi A Son ◽  
Hyun Kyung Kim ◽  
Domyung Paek ◽  
Byung Soon Choi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Lung Function Test ◽  
Quality Control Program ◽  
Function Test

scholarly journals Does daily wear time of Twin Block reliably predict its efficiency of class II treatment?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Sarul ◽  
Marek Nahajowski ◽  
Grzegorz Gawin ◽  
Joanna Antoszewska-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Twin Block ◽  
Wear Time ◽  
Class Ii Treatment

Abstract Purpose The objective of this study was to investigate how daily wear time (DWT) influences class II malocclusion treatment efficiency. Materials and methods The study group consisted of 55 patients (mean age 10.4 years) diagnosed with a class II/1 malocclusion. Twin block appliances, with built-in Theramon® microsensors (MC Technology, Hargelsberg, Austria) to monitor patients’ cooperation (daily wear time assessment), were used for treatment. Cephalograms were taken and the following initial and final measurements were compared: Co-Gn, Co-Go, Co-Olp, Pg-Olp, WITS, SNA, SNB, ANB, Co-Go-Me, overjet, molar and canine relationships. The Shapiro–Wilk test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Student’s t-test, Levene’s test, Mann–Whitney U test, Kruskal–Wallis test, χ2 test, and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient with p < 0.05 set as the statistical significance level were used to determine the correlation of the outcomes with DWT; a ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve was calculated to illustrate diagnostic ability of the binary classifier system. Results DWT was very highly positively correlated with change of the Pg-Olp parameter and highly with an improvement in the ANB, SNA, and SNB angles, an increase in the WITS parameter and an increase in Co-Gn distance. DWTs < 7.5 h correlated with significantly less improvement of the investigated variables. However, DWT > 7.5 h did not significantly correlate with the improvement of the overjet and most of the linear parameters in the mandible. The ROC curve and its AUC (area under curve) allowed the determination of a DWT of 7 h and 48 min to be capable of establishing a class I relationship with 83% probability. Conclusions Class II treatment efficiency was influenced by DWT; an 8 h threshold value had an 83% probability of establishing a class I relationship.

scholarly journals Association of placental chorangiosis with pregnancy complication and prenatal outcome: a case-control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Homeira Vafaei ◽  
Zinat Karimi ◽  
Mojgan Akbarzadeh-Jahromi ◽  
Fatemeh Asadian
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Amniotic Fluid Index ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Chorangiosis is a vascular change involving the terminal chorionic villi in the placenta. It results from longstanding, low-grade hypoxia in the placental tissue, and is associated with such conditions as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), diabetes, and gestational hypertension in pregnancy. Chorangiosis rarely occurs in normal pregnancies. However, its prevalence is 5–7% of all placentas from infants admitted to newborn intensive care units. The present study was aimed at determining the association of chorangiosis with pregnancy complications and perinatal outcomes. Methods In this case-control study, 308 chorangiosis cases were compared with 308 controls (with other diagnoses in pathology) in terms of maternal, placental, prenatal, and neonatal characteristics derived from the medical records of participants retrospectively. R and SPSS version 22 software tools were used, and the statistical significance level was considered 0.05 for all the tests. Results Preeclampsia, diabetes mellitus, maternal hemoglobin, maternal hematocrit, C/S, oligohydramnios, fetal anomaly, dead neonates, NICU admissions were significantly higher in the chorangiosis group OR = 1.6, 3.98, 1.68, 1.92, 2.1, 4.47, 4.22, 2.9, 2.46, respectively (p-value< 0.05 for all). Amniotic fluid index, birth weight, cord PH amount, 1st, and 5th Apgar score was lower in the chorangiosis group OR = 0.31, 1, 0.097, 0.83, 0.85, respectively (p-value< 0.05 for all). Moreover, fundal placenta, retro placental hemorrhage, perivillous fibrin deposition, calcification, and acute chorioamnionitis were higher in the chorangiosis group OR = 2.1, 11.8, 19.96, 4.05, and 6.38 respectively, (p-value< 0.05). There was a high agreement between the two pathologists, and the power of the study was estimated at 99%. Conclusion Although chorangiosis is an uncommon condition, it is associated with a higher incidence of perinatal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it should be considered an important clinical sign of adverse pregnancy outcomes and should be reported in the pathology evaluation.

scholarly journals THU0652-HPR ONLINE EDUCATION YIELDS SIGNIFICANT GAINS IN RHEUMATOLOGISTS’ KNOWLEDGE OF BIOLOGICS AND BIOSIMILARS BUT A SUBSTANTIAL GAP REMAINS

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 570.2-571
Author(s):  
A. Stan ◽  
E. Bell ◽  
P. Schoonheim ◽  
E. Mysler
Keyword(s):  
Online Education ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Educational Activity ◽  
Round Table Discussion ◽  
Knowledge Gain ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Research Support ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Post Assessment

Background:Biologics are complex proteins which have revolutionized the treatment of many serious diseases. Due to their complexity and manufacturing which involves living organisms, it is not possible to create identical versions of reference biologics, but it is possible to create biosimilar drugs. Biosimilars have the potential to yield high cost savings and expand treatment options to meet the growing demand for biological therapies.Objectives:This study assessed whether the online CME-accredited round-table-discussion titled “Understanding Biologics: from protein to clinical practice” improved physicians’ understanding of the inherent variability of biologics and what similarity means in the context of biologics as well as the analytical assessment of quality that applies to both biologics and biosimilars.Methods:Rheumatologists participated in an online CME activity (www.medscape.org/viewarticle/900121) consisting of a 30-minute video discussion between 4 experts with accompanying slides. Educational effect was assessed using a 4-question repeated pairs, pre-/post-assessment. A chi-square test was used to determine if a statistically significant improvement (P<.05 significance level) existed in the number of pre-/post-test correct responses. Cramer’s V was used to estimate the level of impact of the education. The CME activity launched on 22 Aug 2018, and the data were collected through 9 Oct 2018.Results:A total of 622 rheumatologists participated in the educational activity, and 87 completed the pre- and postassessment. Overall the activity had a signficiant impact (P<.001) on rheumatologists’ understanding of the inherent variability of biologics and the regulatory requirements for approval of a biosimilar. The Cramer’s V value of 0.186 indicates a considerable effect of the education. The average perecentage of correct responses rose from 33% pre-activity to 51% post-activity. A linked learning assessment (individual responses matched pre- and post-education) showed that 25% of learners improved their knowledge and 26% reinforced their knowledge. The change in percentage of correct responses from pre- to post-assessment achieved statistical significance (P<.05) in 2 of the 3 questions presented: (i) understanding the type of studies needed to demonstrate comparability of a biosimilar to an originator (11% at baseline; 45% post activity), (ii) understanding the type of variability considered acceptable for a biologic (46% at baseline; 63% post activity). However, no knowledge gain was observed regarding basic analytic attributes evaluated to ensure batch to batch consistency (37% at baseline; 38% post activity). Almost 45% of rheumatologists gained confidence in their ability to describe the regulatory requirements for approval of a biosimilar.Conclusion:This online CME activity significantly improved rheumatologists’ understanding of the inherent variability of complex biologic medicines and the role of analytical studies in the regulatory approval of biosimilars. However, there is room for further improving physicians’ knowledge, especially of basic analytics of biologics and biosimilars.Acknowledgments:This CME-certified activity was supported by independent funding from Sandoz.Disclosure of Interests:Adriana Stan Grant/research support from: The CME-certified activity was supported by anindependent educational grant from Sandoz., Elaine Bell: None declared, Peter Schoonheim Grant/research support from: This CME-certified activity was supported by independent funding from Sandoz., Eduardo Mysler Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Lilly, Pfizer, Roche, BMS, Sandoz, Amgen, and Janssen., Consultant of: AbbVie, Lilly, Pfizer, Roche, BMS, Sandoz, Amgen, and Janssen.

A Quality Control Program for Acute Pain Management in Out-of-Hospital Critical Care Medicine

1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 738-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnès Ricard-Hibon ◽  
Charlotte Chollet ◽  
Sylvie Saada ◽  
Bertrand Loridant ◽  
Jean Marty
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Critical Care ◽  
Pain Management ◽  
Acute Pain ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Critical Care Medicine ◽  
Acute Pain Management ◽  
Quality Control Program
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